SIST EN 16751:2016
(Main)Bio-based products - Sustainability criteria
Bio-based products - Sustainability criteria
This European Standard sets horizontal sustainability criteria applicable to all bio-based products, excluding food, feed and energy, covering all three pillars of sustainability; environmental, social and economic aspects.
This European Standard provides a framework to provide information on management of sustainability aspects. It does not establish thresholds or limits; therefore this European Standard cannot be used to make claims that operations or products are sustainable.
NOTE This European Standard can however be used for developing product specific standards and certification schemes or for business-to-business (B2B) communication.
Biobasierte Produkte - Nachhaltigkeitskriterien
Diese Europäische Norm legt horizontale Nachhaltigkeitskriterien fest, die für alle biobasierten Produkte, außer Lebensmittel, Futtermittel und Energie, gelten und alle drei Säulen der Nachhaltigkeit erfassen; umweltbezogene, soziale und wirtschaftliche Aspekte.
Diese Europäische Norm bietet einen Rahmen zur Bereitstellung von Informationen zum Management von Nachhaltigkeitsaspekten. Die Norm legt keine Schwellen oder Grenzwerte fest; deshalb kann diese Europäische Norm nicht dazu verwendet werden, um einen Anspruch darauf zu erheben, dass Tätigkeiten oder Produkte nachhaltig sind.
ANMERKUNG Diese Europäische Norm kann jedoch bei der Entwicklung von produktspezifischen Normen und Zertifizierungsprogrammen oder zur Kommunikation zwischen Unternehmen (business-to-business, B2B) eingesetzt werden.
Produits biosourcés - Critères de durabilité
La présente Norme européenne définit des critères de durabilité horizontaux applicables à tous les produits biosourcés, à l'exclusion de l'énergie et des denrées alimentaires pour la consommation humaine ou animale, couvrant les trois piliers de la durabilité (environnemental, social et économique).
La présente Norme européenne fournit un cadre pour fournir des informations sur le management des aspects de durabilité. La présente Norme européenne ne fixe pas de seuils ou de limites ; en conséquence, elle ne peut pas être utilisée pour revendiquer la durabilité d'opérations ou de produits.
NOTE La présente Norme européenne peut toutefois être utilisée pour élaborer des normes spécifiques à des produits et à des programmes de certification, ou être utilisée pour la communication interentreprises.
Bioizdelki - Merila trajnostnosti
Ta evropski standard določa horizontalna merila trajnosti, ki se uporabljajo za vse bioizdelke, razen hrane, krme in energije, pri čemer zajema tri stebre trajnosti: okoljski, družbeni in gospodarski vidik.
Ta evropski standard zagotavlja okvirne informacije o upravljanju trajnostnih vidikov. Ne določa pragov ali omejitev, zato ga ni mogoče uporabiti za podajanje trditev, da so postopki ali izdelki trajni.
OPOMBA: Ta evropski standard je mogoče uporabiti za razvoj standardov, značilnih za izdelek, in certifikacijskih shem ali za komunikacijo med podjetji (B2B).
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Bioizdelki - Merila trajnostnostiBiobasierte Produkte - NachhaltigkeitskriterienProduits biosourcés - Critères de durabilitéBio-based products - Sustainability criteria13.020.55Biološki izdelkiBiobased products13.020.20Okoljska ekonomija. TrajnostnostEnvironmental economics. SustainabilityICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16751:2016SIST EN 16751:2016en,fr,de01-junij-2016SIST EN 16751:2016SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 16751:2016
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16751
April
t r s x ICS
s uä r t rä x r English Version
Bioæbased products æ Sustainability criteria Produits biosourcés æ Critères de durabilité
Biobasierte Produkte æ Nachhaltigkeitskriterien This European Standard was approved by CEN on
s w January
t r s xä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
9
t r s x CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s x y w sã t r s x ESIST EN 16751:2016
EN 16751:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction . 5 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 General requirements . 13 4.1 General . 13 4.2 Reporting boundaries. 14 4.3 Time periods . 14 4.4 Information recording and handling . 14 4.4.1 Biomass feedstock type and origin . 14 4.4.2 Transparency . 14 4.4.3 Information recording . 14 4.4.4 Transmission of information. 14 4.4.5 Confidentiality . 15 4.5 Science-based approach . 15 5 Environmental criteria . 15 5.1 General . 15 5.2 Climate protection and air quality . 15 5.2.1 General . 15 5.2.2 Principle . 15 5.3 Water . 16 5.3.1 General . 16 5.3.2 Principle . 16 5.4 Soil . 17 5.4.1 General . 17 5.4.2 Principle . 17 5.5 Biodiversity . 17 5.5.1 General . 17 5.5.2 Principle . 17 5.6 Energy and material resources . 18 5.6.1 General . 18 5.6.2 Principle . 18 5.7 Waste . 18 5.7.1 General . 18 5.7.2 Principle . 19 6 Social criteria . 19 6.1 Labour rights . 19 6.1.1 General . 19 6.1.2 Principle . 19 6.2 Land use rights and land use change . 20 6.2.1 General . 20 6.2.2 Principle . 20 6.3 Water use rights . 20 SIST EN 16751:2016
EN 16751:2016 (E) 3 6.3.1 General. 20 6.3.2 Principle . 20 6.4 Local development . 21 6.4.1 General. 21 6.4.2 Principle . 21 7 Economic criteria . 21 7.1 Economic sustainability . 21 7.1.1 General. 21 7.1.2 Principle . 21 Annex A (informative)
Reporting template and additional guidance regarding sustainability aspects . 23 Bibliography . 31
SIST EN 16751:2016
EN 16751:2016 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 16751:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 411 “Bio-based products”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 16751:2016
EN 16751:2016 (E) 5 Introduction Bio-based products from forestry and agriculture have a long history of application, such as paper, board and various chemicals and materials. The last decades have seen the emergence of new bio-based products in the market. Some of the reasons for this increased interest lie in the bio-based products’ benefits in relation to the depletion of fossil resources and climate change. Bio-based products may also provide additional product functionalities. This has triggered a wave of innovation with the development of knowledge and technologies allowing new transformation processes and product development. Acknowledging the need for common standards for bio-based products, the European Commission issued mandate M/4921), resulting in a series of standards developed by CEN/TC 411, with a focus on bio-based products other than food, feed and biomass for energy applications. The standards of CEN/TC 411 “Bio-based products” provide a common basis on the following aspects: — Common terminology; — Bio-based content determination; — Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); — Sustainability aspects; — Declaration tools. It is important to understand what the term bio-based product covers and how it is being used. The term ‘bio-based’ means 'derived from biomass'. Bio-based products (bottles, insulation materials, wood and wood products, paper, solvents, chemical intermediates, composite materials, et cetera) are products which are wholly or partly derived from biomass. It is essential to characterize the amount of biomass contained in the product by for instance its bio-based content or bio-based carbon content. The bio-based content of a product does not provide information on its environmental impact or sustainability, which may be assessed through LCA and sustainability criteria. In addition, transparent and unambiguous communication within bio-based value chains is facilitated by a harmonized framework for certification and declaration. This European Standard has been developed with the aim to identify sustainability aspects applicable to all bio-based products, covering all three pillars of sustainability (environmental, social and economic). Though the scope of CEN/TC 411 excludes food, feed and energy, sustainability of biomass and bio-based products should follow the same principles irrespective of their use. All LCA-related topics are covered by EN 16760 Bio-based products - Life Cycle Assessment. The concept of Sustainable Development expresses the shared concerns about the state and sustainability of environmental, economic and social dimensions of today and tomorrow’s world. The journey towards sustainability finds sustainable production and consumption at its very heart. It also relates to the social responsibility of organizations and the objective to improve social and environmental performances along with sustained economic profitability – all in the perspective to contribute notably to greater human well-being. The criteria of this European Standard can either be directly used by an operator or can be used in proprietary schemes and standards which cover sustainability aspects.
1) A Mandate is a standardization task embedded in European trade laws. M/492 Mandate is addressed to the European Standardization bodies, CEN, CENELEC and ETSI, for the development of horizontal European Standards for bio-based products. SIST EN 16751:2016
EN 16751:2016 (E) 6 By defining a common framework, this European Standard will allow the provision of information on sustainability aspects for the following uses: — for an economic operator to communicate along the supply chain on the sustainability aspects of the biomass used as input to the bio-based product; — for an economic operator to assess and manage sustainability aspects of its operation, and to report in a consistent manner along the supply chain; — for economic operators in a supply chain (see Figure 1 below) to exchange and share information on the sustainability aspects of the processes and bio-based products with a common framework and understanding (B2B communication); and — for a programme operator to develop certification schemes to assess the sustainability of the biomass used as input to the bio-based products or of the bio-based part of the bio-based product. NOTE This European Standard refers to the bio-based part of products only. Without the use of relevant product standards it is not possible to make a claim for the whole product. The way indicators are addressed will differ according to the use. Figure 1 illustrates the scope of this European Standard.
Figure 1 — Illustration of the scope of this European Standard SIST EN 16751:2016
EN 16751:2016 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard sets horizontal sustainability criteria applicable to the bio-based part of all bio-based products, excluding food, feed and energy, covering all three pillars of sustainability; environmental, social and economic aspects. If the product is partly bio-based, this European Standard can only be used for the bio-based part since it does not address non-bio-based (fossil, mineral) parts of a product. This European Standard can be used for two applications; either to provide sustainability information about the biomass production only or to provide sustainability information in the supply chain for the bio-based part of the bio-based product. This European Standard sets a framework to provide information on management of sustainability aspects. This European Standard cannot be used to make claims that operations or products are sustainable since it does not establish thresholds or limits. This European Standard can however be used for business-to-business (B2B) communication or for developing product specific standards and certification schemes. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 16575 Bio-based products - Vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16575 and the following apply. 3.1 activity under direct control activity conducted by or subcontracted by the economic operator 3.2 biodiversity biological diversity variability among living organisms from all sources, including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems [SOURCE: Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), United Nations (1992)] 3.3 chain-of-custody system by which a connection is made between information or claims concerning raw materials or intermediate products and claims concerning final products, including all the stages from the raw material production up until the release of the final product for consumption [SOURCE: EN 16214-1:2012, 2.16] SIST EN 16751:2016
EN 16751:2016 (E) 8 3.4 child labour work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to their physical and mental development Note 1 to entry: It refers to work that: − is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children; and − interferes with their schooling by: • depriving them of the opportunity to attend school; • obliging them to leave school prematurely; or • requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work. [SOURCE: International Labour Organization] 3.5 criterion requirement that describes what is to be assessed Note1 to entry: A criterion adds meaning and operability to a principle without itself being a direct measure of performance. Note 2 to entry: A criterion is characterized by a set of related indicators. [SOURCE: ISO 13065:2015, 3.11, modified: Note 3 deleted] 3.6 direct effects measurable environmental, social and economic effects under the direct control of the economic operator and caused by the process being analysed Note 1 to entry: Direct effects applicable in this European Standard are included under the criteria and indicators. Note 2 to entry: Other potential effects may be added to the consideration when an international consensus standard is established for the effect. [SOURCE: ISO 13065:2015, 3.12, modified: Notes 1, 2 and 4 deleted and in Note 1 within the scope of this International Standard are considered replaced by applicable in this European Standard are included] 3.7 economic operator individual or organization that has ownership or control of one or more processes of the supply chain for the bio-based product [SOURCE: ISO 13065:2015, 3.13, modified: bioenergy supply chain replaced by supply chain for the bio-based product] SIST EN 16751:2016
EN 16751:2016 (E) 9 3.8 ecosystem system of complex interactions between communities of plants, animals, microorganisms and their environment, which functions as a unit [SOURCE: ISO 13065:2015, 3.14] 3.9 ecosystem services benefits that people and other living organisms obtain from ecosystems, including provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services [SOURCE: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis.Island Press, Washington, DC, modified: and other living organisms added.] 3.10 environment surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources (including biotic and abiotic resources), flora, fauna, humans and their interrelation [SOURCE: EN ISO 14001:2004, 3.5, modified – (including biotic and abiotic resources) added and Note 1 to entry deleted] 3.11 food security physical and economic access, at all times, to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life [SOURCE: FAO Glossary Water for Food and Ecosystems 2005] 3.12 forced or compulsory labour work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily [SOURCE: International Labour Organization] 3.13 greenhouse gas GHG gaseous constituent of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorbs and emits radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the earth’s surface, the atmosphere, and clouds Note 1 to entry: A list of greenhouse gases with their recognized global warming potentials is provided in Annex A of ISO/TS 14067:2013. Note 2 to entry: Water vapour and ozone are anthropogenic as well as natural greenhouse gases but are not included as recognized greenhouse gases due to difficulties, in most cases, in isolating the human-induced component of global warming attributable to their presence in the atmosphere. [SOURCE: ISO/TS 14067, 3.1.3.1, modified: Note 1 to entry has been modified] SIST EN 16751:2016
EN 16751:2016 (E) 10 3.14 greenhouse gas emission GHG emission release of a greenhouse gas to the atmosphere Note 1 to entry: The common phrase “over a specified time period” has been omitted because the time period for a Carbon Footprint of a Product (CFP) is determined by the life cycle of the product; the term “total” has been omitted because a CFP allows for the quantification of emissions relevant to footprint calculation. [SOURCE: ISO/TS 14067:2013, 3.1.3.5, modified – released moved to the subject as release to replace mass.] 3.15 indicator quantitative, qualitative or binary variable that can be measured or described to assess an aspect of a defined criterion [SOURCE: ISO 13065:2015, 3.27, modified: in response to replaced by to assess an aspect of.] 3.16 intermediate product intermediate output from a unit process that is input to other unit processes that require further transformation within the system [SOURCE: EN ISO 14040:2006, 2.23] 3.17 land use total arrangements, activities and inputs undertaken in a certain land cover type Note 1 to entry: The term land use is also used in the sense of the social and economic purposes for which land is managed (e.g. grazing, timber extraction and conservation). [SOURCE: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007)] 3.18 land use change change in the use or management of land by humans, which may lead to a change in land cover [SOURCE: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007), modified: Note 1 to Entry deleted.] 3.19 land use rights form of land tenure, whether formal or informal, including customary rights or traditions Note 1 to entry: There is great variability in land use rights in different parts of the world as they relate to systems of ownership and property rights. [SOURCE: ISO 13065:2015, 3.29] 3.20 life cycle consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation from natural resources to final disposal [SOURCE: EN ISO 14040:2006, 3.1] SIST EN 16751:2016
EN 16751:2016 (E) 11 3.21 organization company, corporation, firm, enterprise, cooperative, authority, or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private, that has its own functions and administration Note 1 to entry: For organizations with more than one operating unit, a single operating unit may be defined as an organization. [SOURCE: EN ISO 14001:2004, 3.16, modified – “cooperative” has been added] 3.22 principle aspirational goal that governs decisions or behaviour Note 1 to entry: A principle can be characterized by a set of criteria. [SOURCE: ISO 13065:2015, 3.34, modified: Note 1 added.] 3.23 procedure specified way to carry out an activity or a process Note 1 to entry: Procedures can be documented or not. Note 2 to entry: When a procedure is documented, the term “written procedure” or “documented procedure” is frequently used. The document that contains a procedure can be called a “procedure document.” [SOURCE: EN ISO 9000:2005, 3.4.5] 3.24 process set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputs Note 1 to entry: Inputs to a process are generally outputs of other processes. [SOURCE: EN ISO 9000:2005, 3.4.1, modified – Note 2 and 3 to entry have been omitted] 3.25 protected area clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values Note 1 to entry: This does not include Ecological Focus Areas as defined in European Common Agriculture Policy, since these are arable land. [SOURCE: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), modified: Note 1 to entry added] 3.26 raw material feedstock primary or secondary material that is used to produce a product Note 1 to entry: Secondary material includes reused, recycled or recovered material. [SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.15, modified: Feedstock added as a second term, the words reused or recovered added to Note 1 to entry.] SIST EN 16751:2016
EN 16751:2016 (E) 12 3.27 stakeholder any individual, group, organization, or authority that can affect or be directly affected by the operation under consideration [SOURCE: ISO 13824:2009, 3.20, modified – Wording aligned to the context of this European Standard] 3.28 stakeholder engagement process where stakeholders are provided opportunity to comment and where the economic operator provides a documented response to any grievance of substantial relevance to the sustainability of the bio-based product presented by stakeholders 3.29 subcontracted activity activity undertaken by a subcontractor, being an organization or operator that undertakes aspects of e.g. harvesting, collecting, processing, handling, storage, transport or distribution of the products, co-products, or waste on behalf of the economic operator, on a contractual basis, either paid or non-paid 3.30 supply chain linked set of resources and processes that begins with the production of raw material and extends through the manufacturing, processing, handling and delivery of products to the purchaser Note 1 to entry: The supply chain may include vendors, manufacturing facilities, logistics providers, internal distribution centres, distributors, wholesalers and other entities involved in the manufacturing, processing, handling and delivery of the goods and their related services. Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 28001:2007. [SOURCE: EN 16214-1:2012, 2.75] 3.31 sustainable development development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs Note 1 to entry: Sustainable development is about integrating the goals of a high quality of life, health and prosperity with social justice and maintaining the earth's capacity to support life in all its diversity. These social, economic and environmental goals are interdependent and mutually reinforcing. Sustainable development can be treated as a way of expressing the broader expectations of society as a whole. [SOURCE: I
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