SIST EN ISO 15005:2017
(Main)Road vehicles - Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems - Dialogue management principles and compliance procedures (ISO 15005:2017)
Road vehicles - Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems - Dialogue management principles and compliance procedures (ISO 15005:2017)
This document specifies ergonomic principles for the design of the dialogues that take place between
the driver of a road vehicle and the vehicle’s transport information and control systems (TICS) while
the vehicle is in motion. It also specifies compliance verification conditions for the requirements related
to these principles.
This document is applicable to TICS consisting of either single or multiple devices, which can be
either independent or interconnected. It is not applicable to TICS without dialogues, TICS failures or
malfunctions, or controls or displays used for non-TICS functions.
The requirements and recommendations of this document can be reconsidered for drivers with
special needs.
Straßenfahrzeuge - Ergonomische Aspekte von Fahrerinformations- und -assistenzsystemen - Grundsätze des Dialogmanagements und Komformitätsprüfungen (ISO 15005:2017)
Dieses Dokument legt ergonomische Prinzipien für die Entwicklung von Dialogen fest, die zwischen dem Führer eines Straßenfahrzeuges und einem Fahrerinformations- und -assistenzsystem (TICS) während der Fahrt stattfinden. Außerdem legt es Konformitätsprüfungsbedingungen für die Anforderungen dieser Prinzipien fest.
Dieses Dokument gilt für TICS, das aus einem oder mehreren Geräten besteht, die entweder unabhängig sind oder vernetzt arbeiten. Es gilt nicht für TICS, die dialogfrei arbeiten, sowie für TICS-Ausfälle oder -störungen und auch nicht für Bedienelemente oder Anzeigen, die für Nicht-TICS-Funktionen verwendet werden.
Für Fahrer mit besonderen Bedürfnissen können die Anforderungen und Empfehlungen in diesem Dokument nochmals überprüft werden.
Véhicules routiers - Aspects ergonomiques des systèmes de commande et d'information du transport - Principes de gestion du dialogue et essais de conformité (ISO 15005:2017)
ISO 15005:2017 spécifie les principes ergonomiques à appliquer dans la conception des dialogues qui interviennent entre le conducteur d'un véhicule routier et les systèmes de commande et d'information pour le transport (TICS) pendant que le véhicule est en mouvement. Elle spécifie également les conditions de vérification de la conformité pour les exigences relatives à ces principes.
ISO 15005:2017 est applicable aux TICS comprenant des dispositifs simples ou multiples, qui peuvent être indépendants ou interconnectés. Elle n'est pas applicable aux systèmes sans dialogues, aux pannes ou aux défauts de fonctionnement des TICS, ou aux commandes ou afficheurs utilisés pour des fonctions ne concernant pas les TICS.
Les exigences ou recommandations de ce document peuvent être reconsidérées pour des conducteurs qui ont des besoins particuliers.
Cestna vozila - Ergonomski vidiki transportnih informacij in kontrolnih sistemov - Načela za upravljanje pogovorov in postopki ugotavljanja skladnosti (ISO 15005:2017)
Ta dokument določa ergonomska načela za načrtovanje dialogov med voznikom cestnega vozila ter transportnimi informacijami in kontrolnimi sistemi (TICS), ko se vozilo premika. Določa tudi pogoje preverjanja skladnosti za zahteve, ki se nanašajo
na ta načela.
Ta dokument se uporablja za sisteme TICS, sestavljene iz ene ali več naprav, ki so lahko samostojne ali medsebojno povezane. Ne uporablja se za sisteme TICS brez dialogov, napake ali okvare sistemov TICS in krmilnike ali prikazovalnike, ki se ne uporabljajo za delovanje sistema TICS.
Zahteve in priporočila v tem dokumentu se lahko ponovno pretehtajo za voznike s posebnimi potrebami.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 15005:2017
01-september-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 15005:2003
&HVWQDYR]LOD(UJRQRPVNLYLGLNLWUDQVSRUWQLKLQIRUPDFLMLQNRQWUROQLKVLVWHPRY
1DþHOD]DXSUDYOMDQMHSRJRYRURYLQSRVWRSNLXJRWDYOMDQMDVNODGQRVWL ,62
Road vehicles - Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems -
Dialogue management principles and compliance procedures (ISO 15005:2017)
Straßenfahrzeuge - Ergonomische Aspekte von Fahrerinformations- und -
assistenzsystemen - Grundsätze des Dialogmanagements und Komformitätsprüfungen
(ISO 15005:2017)
Véhicules routiers - Aspects ergonomiques des systèmes de commande et d'information
du transport - Principes de gestion du dialogue et essais de conformité (ISO
15005:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 15005:2017
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
43.040.15 $YWRPRELOVNDLQIRUPDWLND Car informatics. On board
9JUDMHQLUDþXQDOQLãNLVLVWHPL computer systems
SIST EN ISO 15005:2017 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 15005:2017
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SIST EN ISO 15005:2017
EN ISO 15005
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.180; 43.040.15 Supersedes EN ISO 15005:2002
English Version
Road vehicles - Ergonomic aspects of transportation and
control systems - Dialogue management principles and
compliance procedures (ISO 15005:2017)
Véhicules routiers - Aspects ergonomiques du Straßenfahrzeuge - Ergonomische Aspekte von
transport et des systèmes de commande - Principes de Fahrerinformations- und -assistenzsystemen -
gestion du dialogue et procédures de conformité (ISO Grundsätze des Dialogmanagements und
15005:2017) Komformitätsprüfungen (ISO 15005:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 February 2017.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 15005:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 15005:2017
EN ISO 15005:2017 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 15005:2017
EN ISO 15005:2017 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 15005:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22 “Road
vehicles” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 278 “Intelligent transport systems” the
secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2017, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 15005:2002.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 15005:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 15005:2017 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 15005:2017
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SIST EN ISO 15005:2017
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15005
Second edition
2017-02
Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of
transportation and control systems —
Dialogue management principles and
compliance procedures
Véhicules routiers — Aspects ergonomiques du transport et des
systèmes de commande — Principes de gestion du dialogue et
procédures de conformité
Reference number
ISO 15005:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
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SIST EN ISO 15005:2017
ISO 15005:2017(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 15005:2017
ISO 15005:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Application . 4
5 Dialogue principles . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Appropriate for use while driving . 5
5.2.1 Explanation of principle . 5
5.2.2 Compatibility with driving . 5
5.2.3 Simplicity . 7
5.2.4 Timing/priorities . 7
5.3 Appropriate for the TICS task . 9
5.3.1 Explanation of principle . 9
5.3.2 Consistency . 9
5.3.3 Controllability .11
5.4 Appropriate for the driver.12
5.4.1 Explanation of principle .12
5.4.2 Self-descriptiveness .12
5.4.3 Conformity with driver expectations .12
5.4.4 Error-tolerance.13
5.4.5 Learnability .13
Bibliography .15
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SIST EN ISO 15005:2017
ISO 15005:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 39,
Ergonomics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 15005:2002), which has been technically
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— improvements were made to the clarity of the text and references were updated; and
— a section related to “learnability” was added as 5.4.
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SIST EN ISO 15005:2017
ISO 15005:2017(E)
Introduction
This document deals with the ergonomic design of transport information and control systems (TICS)
and provides general ergonomic principles for their dialogues, independent of any specific dialogue
techniques.
The utmost care needs to be taken in the design and installation of TICS equipment in order to ensure
that it does not impair the driver’s safe control of the vehicle. This is in recognition of the fact that the
driving environment has variable conditions, such as road surface, visibility, weather, ambient lighting
and traffic conditions.
Dialogue management principles for TICSs are characterized by the need to take into account the
following:
— TICSs are intended for use in a moving vehicle.
— TICSs help functions are appropriate to a moving vehicle.
— TICS dialogues take place in a constantly changing vehicle environment.
— TICS technologies are suited to that environment.
— TICS dialogues include the driver’s vehicle-control actions in response to the TICS.
The driver of a vehicle equipped with a TICS device is responsible for the safety of the vehicle, its
occupants and other road users. A dialogue therefore takes into account the driver workload as a
whole, including the cognitive, perceptual and physical tasks associated with driving, so that there will
be no impairment of the safe and effective operation of the vehicle. An important objective is to ensure
effective and efficient TICS operation while respecting the in-vehicle environment and recognizing the
paramount importance of the primary driving task.
In addition to the recommendations and requirements related to the principles it presents, this
document also gives the conditions for compliance. As the manner in which each dialogue principle
is applied will depend on the particular characteristics of the TICS function and the specific dialogue
technique used, application examples have been provided.
The ultimate beneficiary of this document will be the TICS end-user: the driver of the road vehicle. It is
the needs of the driver that have determined the ergonomic requirements included by the developers of
this document.
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SIST EN ISO 15005:2017
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SIST EN ISO 15005:2017
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15005:2017(E)
Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transportation and
control systems — Dialogue management principles and
compliance procedures
1 Scope
This document specifies ergonomic principles for the design of the dialogues that take place between
the driver of a road vehicle and the vehicle’s transport information and control systems (TICS) while
the vehicle is in motion. It also specifies compliance verification conditions for the requirements related
to these principles.
This document is applicable to TICS consisting of either single or multiple devices, which can be
either independent or interconnected. It is not applicable to TICS without dialogues, TICS failures or
malfunctions, or controls or displays used for non-TICS functions.
The requirements and recommendations of this document can be reconsidered for drivers with
special needs.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3958, Passenger cars — Driver hand-control reach
ISO 15006, Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems —
Specifications for in-vehicle auditory presentation
ISO 15008, Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems —
Specifications and test procedures for in-vehicle visual presentation
ISO/TS 16951, Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems (TICS) —
Procedures for determining priority of on-board messages presented to drivers
1)
SAE J1050 , Describing and Measuring the Driver’s Field of View
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
communication
exchange or transfer of information
1) SAE International.
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SIST EN ISO 15005:2017
ISO 15005:2017(E)
3.2
control
part of an item of equipment used by a human operator to bring about a change in the performance of
the equipment
3.2.1
primary control
device used by a driver (3.11) to control longitudinal and/or lateral motion of a vehicle
EXAMPLE Steering wheel, brake pedal, accelerator, gear selector or clutch.
3.2.2
secondary control
non-primary device used by the driver (3.11) to control mandatory functions (3.13)
EXAMPLE Parking brake, horn, light switches, turn indicator control, washer and wiper controls, hazard
flasher control or demister control.
3.3
control action
configuration or adjustment of a system input device that causes a specific response from the system
3.4
data entry
act of providing the information that the selected function (3.13) requires to be able to perform in a
desired way
3.5
dialogue
exchange of information between a driver (3.11) and a system, instigated by either one, to achieve a
particular goal, consisting of a related sequence of control actions (3.3) that can involve more than one
modality
3.6
dialogue effectiveness
successful exchange of the required information between the system and the user
3.7
dialogue efficiency
effective exchange of information performed with little demand on the user in terms of information
gathering (e.g. reading, listening), or information processing and information input (e.g. control actions)
3.8
dialogue management
control of the exchange of dynamic information between a driver (3.11) and a TICS (3.25), organized
and displayed through any type of interface (3.15)
3.9
display
device that allows the presentation of visual, auditory or tactile dynamic information to a driver (3.11)
3.10
distraction
diversion of attention away from activities critical for safe driving toward a competing activity, which
can result in insufficient or no attention to activities critical for safe driving
[SOURCE: Regan, Hallett, & Gordon, 2011, pp. 1776]
3.11
driver
vehicle occupant in control of the vehicle
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SIST EN ISO 15005:2017
ISO 15005:2017(E)
3.12
dwell time
sum of consecutive individual fixation and saccade times to a target in a single glance
[SOURCE: ISO 15007-1:2002, 3.5]
3.13
function
transformation of incoming information into outgoing results
3.14
H-point
pivot centre of the torso and thigh of the three-dimensional H-point machine which simulates the pivot
centre of the human torso and thigh and is used for actual H-point determination
Note 1 to entry: It is located on the centreplane of the device, which is midway between the H-point sight buttons
on either side of the H-point machine.
[SOURCE: ISO 6549:1999, 3.2]
3.15
interface
physical facility (or hardware) between driver (3.11) and system that provides the media through which
they can connect and interact
3.16
manufacturer
person or organization responsible for TICS (3.25) operational characteristics
Note 1 to entry: The term covers the designer, component supplier and system integrator, and also system
suppliers who, by putting a name, trademark or other distinguishing feature on a product, present themselves as
its producer.
3.17
primary driving task
control actions (3.3) undertaken by a driver (3.11) in navigating and manoeuvring a vehicle on roadways
EXAMPLE Steering, braking or accelerating.
3.18
prompt
indication that the system is available to receive input
3.19
sensory mode
perceptual medium used for information transmission or reception (auditory, visual, tactile, etc.)
3.20
status
current available or active system mode(s) (3.23), or both, of the TICS (3.25)
3.21
system acknowledgement
information provided to the driver (3.11) by the system in response to a driver request
3.22
system initiated information
information provided to the driver (3.11) by the system, other than in response to a driver request
3.23
system mode
specified subset of system functions (3.13) or behaviour patterns
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ISO 15005:2017(E)
3.24
task
sequence of control operations (i.e. a specific method) leading to a goal at which the driver (3.11) will
normally persist until the goal is reached
[SOURCE: Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, 2006]
3.25
transport information and control system
TICS
single function (3.13), such as route guidance, or number of functions designed to work together as
a system
Note 1 to entry: See ISO/TR 14813-1 for TICS services.
3.26
timing
temporal relationship between display presentations and control actions (3.3), other presentations,
system changes, the road or traffic situation, and driving
3.27
traffic situation relevant information
information received via communication channels, such as broadcasting receivers and on-board
sensors, where the driver (3.11) has no control over the time of reception
Note 1 to entry: Traffic information, route guidance information or collision warning.
3.28
vehicle in motion
vehicle whose speed relative to its supporting surface is “nonzero”
Note 1 to entry: Practical limitations on existing vehicle sensors may cause small velocities (typically ≤5 km/h)
to be registered as zero.
3.29
vehicle not in motion
vehicle whose speed relative to its supporting surface is zero
Note 1 to entry: Practical limitations on existing vehicle sensors may cause small velocities (typically ≤5 km/h)
to be registered as zero.
4 Application
The ergonomic principles for TICS dialogues given in Clause 5 are to be applied within the context to
which they are relevant, for example, for particular TICS functions and input/output technologies. The
principles take into account a range of user characteristics. Therefore, the application of this document
to a specific TICS function should take into account the characteristics of the target user population.
If controls or displays, or both, are used for non-TICS functions, these functionalities are excluded from
the provisions of this document.
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SIST EN ISO 15005:2017
ISO 15005:2017(E)
5 Dialogue principles
5.1 General
The following principles have been identified as being important in the design and evaluation of a TICS
dialogue:
a) appropriate for use while driving:
— compatibility with driving;
— simplicity;
— timing/priorities;
b) appropriate for the TICS task:
— consistency;
— controllability;
c) appropriate for the driver:
— self-descriptiveness;
— conformity with driver expectations;
— error tolerance.
These dialogue principles are explained, and the related requirements and recommendations are
given, together with examples demonstrating how the principles can be applied. Wherever there are
requirements, compliance verification conditions for these are also given.
5.2 Appropriate for use while driving
5.2.1 Explanation of principle
A TICS dialogue is appropriate for use while driving to the extent that it recognizes the paramount
importance of the primary driving task, the driver’s need to respond to stimuli from the traffic
environment and, where applicable, from TICS that enhance the driving task.
5.2.2 Compatibility with driving
5.2.2.1 Explanation of principle
A TICS dialogue is compatible with driving when the use of the TICS optimizes, or at least does not
adversely influence, the driver’s ability to perform the primary driving task.
5.2.2.2 Requirements
5.2.2.2.1 Subject to applicable laws, whenever a TICS provides inputs to either the primary driving
controls or secondary controls, or both, the vehicle’s response to driver operation of these controls shall
not be adversely affected.
EXAMPLE 1 The driver is able to override an ACC function by application of the service brake or accelerator.
EXAMPLE 2 The driver’s braking force is modified or improved by a given braking assistance feature for
collision avoidance purposes.
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ISO 15005:2017(E)
A TICS is in compliance with this requirement if
a) the TICS has no connection to, or interaction with, either the primary or secondary driving controls
or both,
b) the TICS does have such a connection or interaction, but the driver’s operations always override the
TICS operation, or
c) the TICS does have such a connection or interaction, but a legal requirement disallows the driver to
override the TICS operation.
5.2.2.2.2 TICS dialogues shall not require removal of both hands from the steering wheel while driving.
EXAMPLE A TICS device that requires two hands for operation is not suited for use by a driver.
A TICS is in compliance with this requirement if it is possible for a driver to perform all TICS control
actions while keeping at least one hand on the steering wheel.
5.2.2.2.3 TICS dialogue displays and controls shall be designed and positioned such that both the
driving task and the TICS function can be accomplished in an unhindered manner.
EXAMPLE 1 A TICS display designed for use by the driver is positioned and oriented so that it is easily visible,
audible or both.
EXAMPLE 2 A TICS hand control for cruise control operation, which is frequently used in conjunction with
steering activities, is positioned within fingertip reach of the steering-wheel rim.
EXAMPLE 3 A TICS dialogue device in a given vehicle is located so as not to block the driver’s direct or indirect
view out of the vehicle.
A TICS is in compliance with this requirement if
a) all TICS controls are located in accordance with the reach requirements of ISO 3958,
b) for a TICS device stored in a holster or storage position, at least half of the grasp area is forward of
the rearmost driving H-point,
c) the TICS is designed in accordance with the requirements of ISO 15006,
d) the TICS visual displays are designed in accordance with the requirements of ISO 15008, and
e) the vehicle with TICS is designed in accordance with the requirements of SAE J1050.
5.2.2.2.4 TICS functions not intended to be used by the driver while driving (as determined by
regulations or by device manufacturers) shall be inaccessible for, or inoperable by, the driver, or both,
when the vehicle is in motion. Otherwise, the driver shall be provided with the intended scope of the
TICS use, together with suitable warnings.
EXAMPLE 1 A typewriter keyboard intended for the driver will be deactivated.
EXAMPLE 2 Dynamic images (e.g. television or video games) other than those related to driving will not
be shown.
A TICS is in compliance with this requirement if
a) TICS functions considered to be inaccessible or inoperable for the driver while driving are
inaccessible or inoperable even under reasonably foreseeable and probable misuse,
b) a system, subsystem or menu system is inaccessible for the driver when the means of providing
data entry (including the means for switching “on” and “off ”) is either unavailable, disabled, cannot
be viewed or found, or has its access for use physically blocked,
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