SIST EN 17460:2022
(Main)Railway applications - Adhesive bonding of rail vehicles and their components
Railway applications - Adhesive bonding of rail vehicles and their components
This document defines the general terms and basic requests for adhesive bonding and sealing work as well as the requirements placed on adhesive users (hereafter called user-companies) and represents the state of the art for organizing adhesive bonding and sealing processes in the railway industry.
This document applies for adhesive bonding and sealing adherends for:
- the development of rail vehicles and its components (pre-production),
- production of rail vehicles and its components (in-production),
- the maintenance incl. repair of rail vehicles and its components (post-production), and
- the quality assurance of production, inspection, maintenance incl. repair of rail vehicles and its components.
This document is valid for every adhesively bonded joint in railway vehicles and its components independent of the material of the adherend. It is also valid for all kinds of adhesives independent of their solidification mechanism, their strength and their deformation properties.
This document is not valid for:
- screw retention by the usage of adhesives, if a pure screw assembly of the same design is sufficient for the purpose,
- hybrid joints, if the expected function is given exclusively by another joining technology e.g., welding, screwing, riveting,
- production of vulcanizates which do not lead to adhesively bonded joints,
- production of plywood,
- production of fibre reinforced plastic composites (FRP-composites),
- production of laminated sheet glass (LSG),
- pure encapsulating of electronic parts, and
- single-sided adhesive decorative films.
Bahnanwendungen - Kleben von Schienenfahrzeugen und deren Komponenten
Dieses Dokument legt die allgemeinen Begriffe und Grundregeln für Kleb- und Dichtarbeiten sowie die Anforderungen an Anwender von Klebstoffen fest (im weiteren Verlauf "Anwenderbetriebe" genannt) und gilt als Stand der Technik für die Organisation von Kleb- und Dichtprozessen in der Eisenbahnindustrie.
Dieses Dokument gilt für Kleb- und Dicht-Fügeteile für:
- die Entwicklung von Schienenfahrzeugen und ihrer Komponenten (Vorproduktion),
- die Herstellung von Schienenfahrzeugen und ihrer Komponenten (während der Produktion),
- die Instandhaltung und Instandsetzung von Schienenfahrzeugen und ihrer Komponenten (nach der Produktion) und
- die Qualitätssicherung der Herstellung, Inspektion, Instandhaltung und Instandsetzung von Schienen¬fahrzeugen und ihrer Komponenten.
Dieses Dokument gilt für alle Klebverbindungen von Schienenfahrzeugen und ihrer Komponenten unabhängig vom Werkstoff des Fügeteils. Sie gilt außerdem für alle Arten von Klebstoffen unabhängig von ihrem Aushärtungsmechanismus, ihrer Festigkeit und ihren Verformungseigenschaften.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für
- Schraubensicherungen unter Einsatz von Klebstoffen, wenn eine reine Schraubenverbindung derselben Konstruktion für den Zweck ausreichend wäre,
- Hybridverbindungen, wenn die erwartete Funktion ausschließlich durch eine andere Fügetechnik wie etwa Schweißen, Schrauben, Nieten erzielt wird,
- die Herstellung von Vulkanisaten, die nicht zu Klebverbindungen führen,
- die Herstellung von Sperrholz,
- die Herstellung von Faserverbund-Kunststoff-Formteilen (CFK),
- die Herstellung von Schichtglas (LSG),
- den reinen Verguss von Elektronikteilen und
- einseitige dekorative Klebfolien.
Applications ferroviaires - Collage par collage de véhicules et de pièces ferroviaires
Le présent document définit les termes généraux et les attentes fondamentales des travaux d'apprêtage et d'assemblage par collage, ainsi que les exigences applicables aux utilisateurs d'adhésif (appelés par la suite sociétés utilisatrices) et représente l'état actuel de la technique en matière d'organisation des procédés d'apprêtage et d'assemblage par collage dans l'industrie ferroviaire.
Le présent document s'applique aux supports d'apprêtage et d'assemblage par collage pour :
- le développement de véhicules ferroviaires et de leurs composants (préproduction) ;
- la production de véhicules ferroviaires et de leurs composants (production) ;
- la maintenance, notamment la réparation, des véhicules ferroviaires et de leurs composants (postproduction) ; et
- l'assurance de la qualité de la production, du contrôle, de la maintenance (notamment de la réparation) des véhicules ferroviaires et de leurs composants.
Le présent document est applicable à tous les joints fixés par adhésion des véhicules ferroviaires et de leurs composants, quel que soit le matériau du support. Il s'applique aux adhésifs de tous types, quels que soient leur mécanisme de solidification, leur pouvoir adhérent et leurs propriétés de déformation.
Le présent document n'est pas applicable dans les cas suivants :
- retenue de vis par l'usage d'adhésifs, si un assemblage par vissage de même conception suffit ;
- joints hybrides, si la fonction attendue est exclusivement remplie par une autre technologie d'assemblage telle que le soudage, le vissage, le rivetage ;
- production de produits vulcanisés qui ne servent pas à la réalisation de joints fixés par adhésion ;
- production de contreplaqué ;
- production de matériaux composites plastiques renforcés de fibres (composites PRF) ;
- production de verre feuilleté (VF) ;
- simple encapsulage de pièces électroniques ; et
- films décoratifs adhésifs simple face.
Železniške naprave - Lepilno spajanje za železniška vozila in njihove komponente
Ta dokument določa splošne pogoje in osnovne zahteve za delo v zvezi z lepljenjem oziroma tesnjenjem in zahteve za uporabnike lepil (v nadaljevanju: uporabniška podjetja) in je najsodobnejši pristop k organizaciji procesov lepljenja in tesnjenja v železniški industriji.
Ta dokument se uporablja za lepljenje in tesnjenje lepljencev za:
– razvoj železniških vozil in njihovih sestavnih delov (pred proizvodnjo);
– proizvodnjo železniških vozil in njihovih sestavnih delov (med proizvodnjo);
– vzdrževanje in popravilo železniških vozil ter njihovih sestavnih delov (po proizvodnji); in
– zagotavljanje kakovosti proizvodnje, kontrolo, vzdrževanje in popravilo železniških vozil ter njihovih sestavnih delov.
Ta dokument se uporablja za vse lepljene spoje v železniških vozilih in njihove sestavne dele, ne glede na material lepljenca. Prav tako se uporablja za vse vrste lepil, ne glede na njihov mehanizem strjevanja, moč in deformacijske lastnosti.
Ta dokument se ne uporablja za:
– pritrjevanje vijakov z uporabo lepil, če za ta namen zadostuje čisti sklop vijakov z enako zasnovo;
– hibridne spoje, če pričakovano funkcijo zagotavlja izključno druga tehnologija spajanja, na primer varjenje, privijanje, zakovičenje;
– proizvodnjo vulkanizerskih izdelkov, pri kateri ne nastanejo lepljeni spoji;
– proizvodnjo vezanih plošč;
– proizvodnjo z vlakni ojačenih polimernih kompozitov (FRP-kompoziti);
– proizvodnjo s stekleno tkanino ojačenih laminiranih plošč (LSG);
– čisto enkapsulacijo elektronskih delov; in
– enostransko lepilne dekorativne folije.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 17460:2022
01-september-2022
Železniške naprave - Lepilno spajanje za železniška vozila in njihove komponente
Railway applications - Adhesive bonding of rail vehicles and their components
Bahnanwendungen - Kleben von Schienenfahrzeugen und deren Komponenten
Applications ferroviaires - Collage par collage de véhicules et de pièces ferroviaires
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17460:2022
ICS:
45.060.01 Železniška vozila na splošno Railway rolling stock in
general
83.180 Lepila Adhesives
SIST EN 17460:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN 17460:2022
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN 17460:2022
EN 17460
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 45.060.01; 83.180
English Version
Railway applications - Adhesive bonding of rail vehicles
and their components
Applications ferroviaires - Collage par collage de Bahnanwendungen - Kleben von Eisenbahnfahrzeugen
véhicules et de pièces ferroviaires und deren Teilen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 May 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17460:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN 17460:2022
EN 17460:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 6
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 Competences of adhesive bonding personnel . 14
4.1 General . 14
4.2 Competences of coordinators . 15
4.3 Competences of the adhesive bonding operators . 17
5 Design and verification of adhesively bonded joints on rail vehicles . 17
5.1 General . 17
5.2 Design process. 17
5.2.1 Flow chart . 17
5.2.2 List of requirements . 18
5.2.3 Preliminary design and general design parameters . 19
5.3 Design . 19
5.3.1 General . 19
5.3.2 Risk analysis and safety classification . 19
5.3.3 Adhesive bonding joint list . 20
5.3.4 Qualification of an adhesive . 20
5.4 Validation of the design . 24
5.4.1 General . 24
5.4.2 Identifying of the influences/loads. 24
5.4.3 Calculation . 25
5.4.4 Proven design . 28
5.4.5 Component test . 28
5.4.6 Combination of calculation/component test/proven design . 28
5.5 Proof of conformity . 28
6 Workmanship . 31
6.1 General . 31
6.2 General process requirements . 31
6.2.1 Transport and storage of adhesives, auxiliary materials and adherends . 31
6.2.2 Manufacturing environment . 31
6.2.3 Preparation of work stations and acclimatization of materials . 31
6.2.4 Occupational health and safety, environmental protection . 32
6.2.5 Checking for fitting accuracy concerning shape, position and dimension . 32
6.2.6 Checks prior to start of production . 32
6.2.7 Treatment of the adherend surfaces . 32
6.2.8 Dosing, mixing and application . 33
6.2.9 Joining the adherends . 34
6.2.10 Fixing . 34
6.2.11 Solidification . 34
6.2.12 Packaging and transport of adhesively bonded components . 35
6.3 Work instructions . 35
6.4 Production-accompanying work-samples as a proof possibility of application quality . 37
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST EN 17460:2022
EN 17460:2022 (E)
6.5 Rework . 38
6.6 Quality assurance . 38
6.6.1 General . 38
6.6.2 Quality planning . 38
6.6.3 Quality inspection. 39
6.6.4 Corrective action . 40
6.6.5 Imperfections in adhesive bonds . 40
7 Maintenance and repair . 40
7.1 General . 40
7.2 Documentation . 41
7.3 Execution rules . 41
7.4 Maintenance and repair instructions . 41
8 Subcontracting . 41
Annex A (informative) Adhesive bonding personnel . 42
A.1 Personnel . 42
A.1.1 Competencies of adhesive bonding operators . 42
A.1.2 (Responsible) Adhesive Bonding Coordinator (rABC/ABC) . 42
A.2 Organizational integration of adhesive bonding coordination - further details in
addition to 4.2 . 45
A.3 Monitoring and testing personnel . 45
Annex B (informative) Explanation of comprehensive, specific and basic competencies,
knowledge application, practical application, and experiences . 46
B.1 Competence - subject . 46
B.2 General definitions of competencies, knowledge application, practical application,
and experiences defined in Table 1 of this document . 47
B.2.1 Comprehensive . 47
B.2.2 Specific . 47
B.2.3 Basic. 48
B.3 Detailed definitions of competencies, knowledge application, practical application,
and experiences with respect to the subject contents defined in Table B.1 of this
annex . 48
B.3.1 Comprehensive: detailed definitions . 48
B.3.2 Specific: detailed definitions . 55
B.3.3 Basic: detailed definitions . 61
Annex C (informative) List of requirements . 65
Annex D (normative) Determining the stress limit . 67
D.1 General . 67
D.2 Characteristic values and the permissible stress limit . 67
D.3 Testing low-modulus (flexible) adhesives. 69
D.3.1 General . 69
3
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST EN 17460:2022
EN 17460:2022 (E)
D.3.2 Determining the modulus of elasticity, the Poisson’s ratio and the stress/strain
characteristic using adhesive test pieces . 69
D.3.3 Testing the quasi-static adhesive bond strength for adhesive bonds formed with low-
modulus adhesives . 69
D.3.4 Testing the compression of adhesive bonds using low-modulus adhesives . 70
D.3.5 Testing the elongation at break after relaxation of adhesive bonds using flexible
adhesive . 71
D.3.6 Testing the creep behaviour of adhesive bonds using low-modulus adhesives . 71
D.3.7 Testing the fatigue strength of adhesive bonds using low-modulus adhesives . 72
D.3.8 Measurement of pH value of cured adhesives exposure to moisture . 72
D.4 Testing high-modulus (very stiff) adhesives . 72
D.4.1 Determining the modulus of elasticity, the Poisson’s ratio and the stress/strain
characteristic using adhesive test pieces . 72
D.4.2 Testing lap shear strength . 72
D.4.3 Testing the creep behaviour of adhesive bonds using high-modulus adhesives . 73
D.4.4 Testing the fatigue strength of adhesive bonds using high-modulus adhesives . 73
D.4.5 Other tests: measurement of pH value of cured adhesives exposure to moisture . 73
Annex E (informative) Criteria for choosing an adhesive bonding system . 74
Annex F (informative) Description of non-destructive and destructive testing methods . 78
F.1 General . 78
F.2 Non-destructive testing. 78
F.2.1 Preliminary remark . 78
F.2.2 Visual inspection . 78
F.2.3 Ultrasonic testing . 78
F.2.4 Thermography . 78
F.2.5 Shearography . 79
F.2.6 Tap test . 79
F.2.7 Water drop test . 79
F.2.8 Ink test . 79
F.2.9 Test for adhesion at edges or flanks . 79
F.2.10 Suction cup test . 79
F.2.11 Test using a feeler gauge . 79
F.3 Destructive testing . 79
F.3.1 Preliminary remark . 79
F.3.2 Fracture patterns . 79
F.3.3 Lap shear test (EN 1465) . 80
F.3.4 Floating roller peel test (ISO 4578 [55]) . 80
F.3.5 Bead peel test (ISO 21194) [54] . 80
4
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST EN 17460:2022
EN 17460:2022 (E)
Annex G (informative) Description of accelerated ageing tests . 81
G.1 General . 81
G.2 Ageing factors and its effects . 81
G.3 Selection of accelerated ageing test . 82
G.4 Examples of accelerated ageing tests . 82
G.4.1 General . 82
G.4.2 Constant climatic conditions . 82
G.4.3 Alternating climate test . 82
G.4.4 Salt spray test . 83
G.4.5 Cataplasma test . 83
G.4.6 Exposure to light respectively UV radiation . 83
G.4.7 Exposure to contaminants and media . 83
G.4.8 Appropriate combined test . 83
G.4.9 Weathering . 84
Annex H (informative) Examples of non-decorative and decorative imperfections of
adhesive bonds . 85
H.1 General . 85
H.2 Examples of non-decorative imperfections . 85
H.3 Criteria and different decorative areas . 86
Annex I (informative) Adhesive bonding symbols. 87
I.1 Assemblies information on drawings. 87
Annex J (informative) Clarification of further vocabulary associated with adhesive bonding
technology . 88
J.1 General . 88
J.2 Vocabulary . 88
Bibliography . 97
5
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN 17460:2022
EN 17460:2022 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 17460:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2023, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by January 2027.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
6
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN 17460:2022
EN 17460:2022 (E)
Introduction
Historically, the production of railway vehicles and their components, for the main part, comprises such
materials as steels and aluminium alloys. Their methods of construction and assembly include such
processes as bolting, riveting, and welding.
Railway vehicles within the meaning of this document are defined in EN 15380-1 [47].
Technological developments have led to the availability of other materials, e.g. composites, and some of
these traditional methods of construction as bolting, riveting, and welding and assembly are not
necessarily appropriate or suitable for such materials.
For this reason, a process of adhesive bonding can be essential for the production of certain railway
vehicles and their components, not only in the case of composites but for steels and aluminium alloys as
well as glass and other materials.
The confirmation of the quality and integrity of the final adhesively bonded joints do not readily lend
themselves to traditional inspection and testing techniques such as non-destructive testing.
Therefore, it is essential that the quality and control of the adhesively bonded joints of assemblies and
components is managed to the best possible level by means of an appropriate process control procedure.
Whilst there are standards that deal with Quality Control and are taken into account, this document aims
to give the correct framework and includes additional detail necessary for all adhesive bonding and
sealing activities performed on railway vehicles and its components as a special process.
NOTE EN ISO 9001 [41] is such an example.
Against this background, this document refers to definitions as well as organisational, management,
contractual and technical principles to be followed in production of adhesively bonded joints in analogy
to welding technology. Thus, comparable focal points are also the focus here:
Focal point 1: Classification of each adhesively bonded joint according to safety requirements (see
5.3.2).
Focal point 2: Designation of supervisory personnel (Adhesive Bonding Coordinators - ABCs) and
execution personnel (Adhesive Bonding Operators) who can objectively demonstrate
that they have the necessary and required skills, knowledge, and experience in the field
of adhesive bonding (see Clause 4).
Focal point 3: Verification that the actual loading (stress, strain, and strain energy) of an adhesively
bonded joint during the use of an adhesively bonded product is in any case less than the
maximum load capacity (see 5.4 and Annex D).
Another focus of this document are the principles of workmanship of adhesively bonded joints (see
Clause 6).
7
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN 17460:2022
EN 17460:2022 (E)
1 Scope
This document defines terms and specifies requirements for adhesive bonding and sealing work in rail
vehicles and their components independent of the material of the adherend and the solidification
mechanism, strength, and deformation properties of the adhesives.
This document is applicable to adhesive bonding and sealing adherends in the:
— development (pre-production);
— production (in-production);
— maintenance including repair (post-production);
— quality assurance of production
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17460:2020
01-februar-2020
Železniške naprave - Lepilno spajanje za železniška vozila in dele
Railway applications - Adhesive bonding of rail vehicles and parts
Bahnanwendungen - Schienenfahrzeuge - Kleben von Schienenfahrzeugen und
Schienenfahrzeugteilen
Applications ferroviaires - Assemblage par collage de véhicules et pièces ferroviaires
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17460
ICS:
45.060.01 Železniška vozila na splošno Railway rolling stock in
general
83.180 Lepila Adhesives
oSIST prEN 17460:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 17460:2020
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 17460:2020
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17460
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2019
ICS 45.060.01; 83.180
English Version
Railway applications - Adhesive bonding of rail vehicles
and parts
Applications ferroviaires - Assemblage par collage de Bahnanwendungen - Schienenfahrzeuge - Kleben von
véhicules et pièces ferroviaires Schienenfahrzeugen und Schienenfahrzeugteilen
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 256.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17460:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 17460:2020
prEN 17460:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 7
Introduction . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 Requirements . 15
4.1 General . 15
4.2 Competence of personnel– minimum requirements . 15
4.3 Special process requirements . 16
5 Design and verification of adhesively bonded joints on railway vehicles . 16
5.1 General . 16
5.2 Design process. 18
5.2.1 Flow chart . 18
5.2.2 List of requirements . 19
5.2.3 Preliminary design and general design parameters . 19
5.3 Design . 20
5.3.1 General . 20
5.3.2 Risk analysis and security classification . 20
5.3.3 Adhesive bonding joint list . 21
5.3.4 Qualification of an adhesive . 21
5.4 Validation of the design . 25
5.4.1 General . 25
5.4.2 Identifying of the influences / loads . 26
5.4.3 Calculation . 27
5.4.4 Proven design . 30
5.4.5 Component test . 30
5.4.6 Combination of calculation / component test / proven design . 30
5.5 Proof of conformity . 30
6 Workmanship . 32
6.1 General . 32
6.2 General process requirements . 32
6.2.1 Transport and storage of adhesives, auxiliary materials and adherends . 32
6.2.2 Manufacturing environment . 32
6.2.3 Preparation of work stations and acclimatization of materials . 33
6.2.4 Occupational health and safety, environmental protection . 33
6.2.5 Checking for fitting accuracy concerning shape, position and dimension . 33
6.2.6 Checks prior to start of production . 33
6.2.7 Treatment of the adherend surfaces . 33
6.2.8 Dosing, mixing and application . 35
6.2.9 Joining the adherends . 35
6.2.10 Fixing . 35
6.2.11 Solidification . 36
6.2.12 Packaging and transport of adhesively bonded components . 36
6.3 Work instructions: minimum requirements . 36
6.4 Production-accompanying work-samples as a proof possibility of application quality . 38
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 17460:2020
prEN 17460:2019 (E)
6.5 Rework . 39
6.6 Quality assurance . 39
6.6.1 General . 39
6.6.2 Quality planning . 40
6.6.3 Quality inspection. 41
6.6.4 Corrective action . 42
6.6.5 Imperfections in adhesive bonds . 42
7 Maintenance and repair . 42
7.1 General . 42
7.2 Documentation . 42
7.3 Execution rules . 43
7.4 Maintenance and repair instructions . 43
7.5 Subcontracting . 43
Annex A (informative) Requirements concerning the competence-scope . 44
A.1 General . 44
A.2 Adhesive bonding personnel - specification of the levels of competencies, knowledge
and experiences . 44
Annex B (informative) Requirements and duties of adhesive bonding personnel . 45
B.1 Staffing . 45
B.1.1 General . 45
B.1.2 Competencies of adhesive bonding operators . 45
B.1.3 (Responsible) Adhesive Bonding Coordinator (rABC / ABC) . 45
B.1.3.1 General . 45
B.1.3.2 Duties of (responsible) Adhesive Bonding Coordinators (rABCs/ABCs) . 46
B.1.3.3 Competencies of ABC . 48
B.2 Organizational integration of adhesive bonding coordination . 48
B.3 Monitoring and testing personnel . 49
Annex C (informative) Explanation of comprehensive, specific and basic competencies,
knowledge application, practical application, and experiences with respect to the
content mentioned in Annex A / Table A.1 . 50
C.1 Competence - subject . 50
C.2 General definitions of competencies, knowledge application, practical application,
and experiences defined in Table 1 of this standard . 51
C.2.1 Comprehensive . 51
C.2.2 Specific . 51
C.2.3 Basic. 52
C.3 Detailed definitions of competencies, knowledge application, practical application,
and experiences with respect to the subject contents defined in Table C.1 of this
annex . 52
C.3.1 Comprehensive: detailed definitions . 52
C.3.1.1 Adhesion and adhesives . 52
C.3.1.2 Materials as adherends . 54
3
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 17460:2020
prEN 17460:2019 (E)
C.3.1.3 Construction and design . 54
C.3.1.4 Durability . 55
C.3.1.5 Adhesive bonding process . 56
C.3.1.6 Testing and analysis . 56
C.3.1.6.1 Non-destructive testing . 56
C.3.1.6.2 Testing of surfaces . 57
C.3.1.6.3 Destructive testing . 57
C.3.1.7 Quality management . 57
C.3.1.8 Manufacturing and production processes . 58
C.3.1.9 Maintenance . 59
C.3.2 Specific: detailed definitions . 59
C.3.2.1 Adhesion and adhesives . 59
C.3.2.2 Materials as adherends . 60
C.3.2.3 Construction and design . 61
C.3.2.4 Durability . 62
C.3.2.5 Adhesive bonding process . 62
C.3.2.6 Testing and analysis . 63
C.3.2.7 Quality management . 63
C.3.2.8 Manufacturing and production processes . 64
C.3.2.9 Maintenance . 64
C.3.3 Basic: detailed definitions . 65
C.3.3.1 Adhesion and adhesives . 65
C.3.3.2 Materials as adherends . 65
C.3.3.3 Construction and design . 66
C.3.3.4 Durability . 66
C.3.3.5 Adhesive bonding process . 66
C.3.3.6 Testing and analysis . 66
C.3.3.7 Quality management . 67
C.3.3.8 Manufacturing and production processes . 67
C.3.3.9 Maintenance . 68
Annex D (informative) List of requirements . 69
Annex E (informative) Design principles – Examples . 71
Annex F (normative) Determining the stress limit . 79
F.1 General . 79
F.2 Characteristic values and the permissible stress limit . 79
F.3 Testing low-modulus (flexible) adhesives . 81
4
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 17460:2020
prEN 17460:2019 (E)
F.3.1 General . 81
F.3.2 Determining the modulus of elasticity, the Poisson’s ratio and the stress/strain
characteristic using adhesive test pieces . 81
F.3.3 Testing the quasi-static adhesive bond strength for adhesive bonds formed with low-
modulus adhesives . 81
F.3.4 Testing the compression of adhesive bonds using low-modulus adhesives . 82
F.3.5 Testing the elongation at break after relaxation of adhesive bonds using flexible
adhesive . 83
F.3.6 Testing the creep behaviour of adhesive bonds using low-modulus adhesives . 83
F.3.7 Testing the fatigue strength of adhesive bonds using low-modulus adhesives . 84
F.3.8 Measurement of pH value of cured adhesives exposure to moisture . 84
F.4 Testing high-modulus (very stiff) adhesives . 84
F.4.1 Determining the modulus of elasticity, the Poisson’s ratio and the stress/strain
characteristic using adhesive test pieces . 84
F.4.2 Testing lap shear strength . 85
F.4.3 Testing the creep behaviour of adhesive bonds using high-modulus adhesives . 85
F.4.4 Testing the fatigue strength of adhesive bonds using high-modulus adhesives . 85
F.4.5 Other tests: measurement of pH value of cured adhesives exposure to moisture . 85
Annex G (informative) Criteria for choosing an adhesive bonding system . 86
Annex H (informative) Description of non-destructive and destructive testing methods . 90
H.1 General . 90
H.2 Non-destructive testing . 90
H.2.1 Preliminary remark . 90
H.2.2 Visual inspection . 90
H.2.3 Ultrasonic testing . 90
H.2.4 Thermography . 91
H.2.5 Shearography . 92
H.2.6 Tap test . 94
H.2.7 Water drop test. 94
H.2.8 Ink test . 95
H.3 Destructive testing . 95
H.3.1 Preliminary remark . 95
H.3.2 Fracture patterns . 95
H.3.2.1 General . 95
H.3.2.2 Adhesive fracture . 95
H.3.2.3 Cohesive fracture (cohesion fracture) . 96
H.3.2.4 Superficial cohesion failure / superficial cohesive fracture . 96
H.3.2.5 Substrate fracture. 96
5
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 17460:2020
prEN 17460:2019 (E)
H.3.2.6 Mixed fracture . 97
H.3.3 Lap shear test (EN 1465) . 97
H.3.4 Floating roller peel test (EN 1464) . 99
H.3.5 Appropriate bead peel test [1] . 100
H.3.6 Dye penetrant testing (EN ISO 3452-1 [36]) . 101
H.3.7 Test for adhesion at flanks. 101
H.3.8 Suction cup test . 101
H.3.9 Test using a feeler gauge . 102
Annex I (informative) Description of accelerated ageing tests . 103
I.1 General . 103
I.2 Ageing factors and its effects . 103
I.3 Selection of accelerated ageing test. 104
I.4 Examples of accelerated ageing tests . 104
I.4.1 General . 104
I.4.2 Constant climatic conditions .
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.