SIST EN 17399:2024
(Main)Algae and algae products - Terms and definitions
Algae and algae products - Terms and definitions
This document defines the terms related to functions, products and properties of algae and algae products. In order to better pack the methodologies, algae are regarded as a functional group of organisms consisting of microalgae, macroalgae, cyanobacteria and Labyrinthulomycetes.
Algen und Algenprodukte - Begriffe
Dieses Dokument legt Begriffe fest, die sich auf Funktionen, Produkte und Eigenschaften von Algen und Algen
produkten beziehen. Um die Verfahrensweisen besser zusammenzuführen, werden Algen als eine funktionelle Gruppe von Organismen betrachtet, die aus Mikroalgen, Makroalgen, Cyanobakterien und
ten besteht.
Algues et produits d'algues - Termes et définitions
Le présent document définit les termes liés aux fonctions, produits et propriétés des algues et produits d’algues. Pour mieux condenser les méthodologies, les algues sont considérées comme un groupe fonctionnel d’organismes composé des microalgues, des macroalgues, des cyanobactéries et des Labyrinthulomycètes.
Alge in izdelki iz alg - Izrazi in definicije
Ta dokument določa izraze v zvezi s funkcijami, produkti in lastnostmi alg ter izdelkov iz alg. Zaradi boljše ureditve metodologije se alge obravnavajo kot funkcionalna skupina organizmov, ki vključuje mikroalge, makroalge, cianobakterije in Labyrinthulomycetes.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2024
Alge in izdelki iz alg - Izrazi in definicije
Algae and algae products - Terms and definitions
Algen und Algenprodukte - Begriffe
Algues et produits d'algues - Termes et définitions
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17399:2024
ICS:
01.040.13 Okolje. Varovanje zdravja. Environment. Health
Varnost (Slovarji) protection. Safety
(Vocabularies)
13.020.55 Biološki izdelki Biobased products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 17399
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.040.13; 13.020.55 Supersedes EN 17399:2020
English Version
Algae and algae products - Vocabulary
Algues et produits d'algues - Vocabulaire Algen und Algenprodukte - Begriffe
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 June 2024.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17399:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
Bibliography. 26
European foreword
This document (EN 17399:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 454 “Algae and
algae products”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2025, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 17399:2020.
Previous terms and definitions were amended and enhanced according to new insights
New terms and definitions that were not covered in the previous edition were added.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
The European Committee for Standardization (CEN) was requested by the European Commission (EC) to
draft European standards or European standardization deliverables to support the implementation of
Article 3 of Directive 2009/28/EC for algae and algae-based products or intermediates.
This request, presented as standardization request M/547 , also contributes to the Communication on
“Innovating for Sustainable Growth: A Bio economy for Europe”.
The former working group CEN Technical Board Working Group 218 “Algae”, was created in 2016 to
develop a work programme as part of this standardization request. The technical committee CEN/TC 454
'Algae and algae products' was established to carry out the work programme that will prepare a series of
standards.
The interest in algae and algae-based products or intermediates has increased significantly in Europe as
a valuable source including but not limited to, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and several pigments.
These materials are suitable for use in a wide range of applications from food and feed purposes to other
sectors, such as textiles, cosmetics, biopolymers, biofuel and fertilizer/biostimulants. Standardization
was identified as having an important role in order to promote the use of algae and algae products.
The work of CEN/TC 454 should improve the reliability of the supply chain, thereby improving the
confidence of industry and consumers in algae, which include macroalgae, microalgae, cyanobacteria,
Labyrinthulomycetes, algae-based products or intermediates and will promote and support
commercialization of the European algae industry.
This document has been developed with the aim to cover the horizontal definitions for algae and algae-
based products or intermediates. Hence, other terms and definitions are given in the other standards
developed by CEN/TC 454 “Algae and algae products”.
For food, feed and non-food, non-feed applications additional definitions can exist in other product
specific standards.
Available at https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/mandates/index.cfm?fuseaction=refSearch.search#
1 Scope
This document defines the terms related to functions, products, and properties of algae and algae
products. In order to better pack the methodologies, algae are regarded as a functional group of
organisms consisting of microalgae, macroalgae, cyanobacteria and Labyrinthulomycetes.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
algae
algae products
functional group of organisms consisting of microalgae (3.1.22), macroalgae (3.1.21), cyanobacteria
(3.1.10), Labyrinthulomycetes (3.1.19) and products derived thereof
Note 1 to entry: Algae and algae products can be used variously, for food, feed, chemistry, cosmetics, etc., and it can
also be used as a base for energy production.
3.1.2
algae biorefinery
facility that integrates algae biomass (3.1.6) conversion processes and equipment to produce a spectrum
of bio-based products (food, feed, chemicals, materials, fertilizers, etc.) and bioenergy (3.7.2) (biofuels
(3.7.3), power and/or heat)
[SOURCE: International Energy Agency Bioenergy. Task 42 – Biorefining in a Circular Economy.]
3.1.3
algae oil
glyceridic fraction of lipids (3.1.20) derived from algae (3.1.1)
3.1.4
algae strain
population of unicellular/pluricellular (3.1.29) organisms of a single algae (3.1.1) species (3.1.33), all
descended from the entirety/or a part of an organism, being synonymous with a monoclonal culture and
a genetic representative of a single algae (3.1.1) species (3.1.33)
Note 1 to entry: This definition includes sexual and asexual reproduction.
3.1.5
artificial light
light made up of photons from a source other than the sun
EXAMPLE Fluorescent light and LEDs.
Note 1 to entry: The energy to produce light could come from a mix of sources that can range from fossil fuels,
nuclear plants and renewable and sustainable sources, such as wind, photovoltaics, biomass (3.1.6), etc.
Note 2 to entry: Energy consumed and emissions associated with this should be accounted for in the assessment of
the sustainability.
3.1.6
biomass
material of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formations and/or fossilized
EXAMPLE (Whole or parts of) plants, trees, algae (3.1.1), marine organisms, microorganisms, animals, etc.
[SOURCE: EN 16575:2014, 2.7]
3.1.7
carbohydrate
biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, characterizable, in a first approximation, by the
formula (CH O)
2 n
Note 1 to entry: They include sugars, oligo- and polysaccharides as well as polyols derived.
3.1.8
contaminant
hazardous and/or undesired substance, material or organism that can result in physical, chemical and/or
biological modifications of properties
3.1.9
contamination
presence of hazardous and/or undesired substances, materials or organisms that can result in physical,
chemical and/or biological modifications of properties
3.1.10
cyanobacteria
photoautotrophic (3.1.27), mixotrophic (3.1.23) or heterotrophic (3.1.16) prokaryotic (3.1.30) organisms,
able to obtain energy by using chromophores
3.1.11
enzyme
biologically produced protein catalyst that accelerates the conversion of one compound (or compounds)
to another (or others)
[SOURCE: EN ISO 11074:2015, 6.4.15]
3.1.12
eukaryote
organism with a cell structure in which the nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane
[SOURCE: ISO 6107:2021, 3.211]
3.1.13
fouling
non-target organisms either on the surface or within algal biomass (3.1.6) (epiphytes or endophytes),
including macroalgae (3.1.21), microalgae (3.1.22), bacteria, cyanobacteria (3.1.10), fungi, or animals,
including harmless organisms and pathogens
Note 1 to entry: This also includes such organisms within production systems not directly associated with target
organisms, but associated with tanks, ropes/nets, bioreactors and all cultivation (3.6.3) surfaces; potentially
compromising quality and value including purity (3.1.31) and safety of target algal growth.
3.1.14
genus
taxonomic category that ranks above species (3.1.33) and below family
Note 1 to entry: When using taxonomy to name an organism, the genus is used to determine the first part of its two-
part name (genus and species (3.1.33)).
3.1.15
geographical origin of algae
reference to the state in which the alga reached more than half of its final weight or stayed for more than
half of the farming period
Note 1 to entry: In the case of seaweeds (3.1.32) harvested at sea, details of the flag State of the vessel that harvested
those algae (3.1.1).
[SOURCE: Regulation (EU) 1379/2013, modified – “Member state or third country” replaced by “state”]
3.1.16
heterotrophy
metabolism that utilizes organic compounds as energy and carbon source
Note 1 to entry: Light is not required as an energy source.
3.1.17
identification
process for determining that an isolate belongs to one of the established taxa
[SOURCE: EN ISO 22174:2005, 3.1.9]
3.1.18
impurity
percentage of components other than the specified component in the total amount of product
3.1.19
labyrinthulomycetes
labyrinthulea
class of protists or chromista that produce a network of filaments or tubes and includes the family
Thraustochytriaceae (3.1.35)
3.1.20
lipids
class of natural organic substances characterized by very low water solubility, high organic solvents
solubility, high carbon and hydrogen content, biosynthesized for energy storage and/or metabolic and
structural functions
3.1.21
macroalgae
macroscopic eukaryotic (3.1.12) pluricellular (3.1.29) organisms composed of single differentiated cells
able to obtain energy using chromophores
Note 1 to entry: Generally pluricellular (3.1.29), but can also be single celled.
3.1.22
microalgae
microscopic eukaryotic (3.1.12) organisms composed of single differentiated cells able to obtain energy
using chromophores
Note 1 to entry: Generally single celled, but can occur as filamentous or colonial.
3.1.23
mixotrophy
metabolism that utilizes simultaneously different sources of energy and carbon
Note 1 to entry: Used by those organisms that have the ability to utilize a combination of the phototrophic and
heterotrophic (3.1.16) metabolic pathway.
3.1.24
natural light
light made up of photons that originate from the sun
Note 1 to entry: The light can be filtered (e.g. by wavelength) or can be redirected
...
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