SIST EN 16851:2017+A1:2021
(Main)Cranes - Light crane systems
Cranes - Light crane systems
This document applies to:
- light crane systems, either suspended or free-standing systems, where the rated capacity of any single lifting device is 4 t or less;
- pillar and wall-mounted jib cranes, without an operator's cabin, whose rated capacity is 10 t or less and whose overturning load moment is 500 kNm or less.
NOTE For illustration of crane types, see Annex B.
This document is not applicable to cranes covered by another product specific crane standard, e.g. EN 15011:2011+A1:2014 or EN 14985:2012.
This document is applicable to cranes and crane systems, whose structures are made of steel or aluminium, excluding aluminium structures containing welded joints.
This document gives requirements for all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to cranes, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).
The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, ionizing radiation, operation in electro-magnetic fields beyond the range of EN 61000 6 2:2016 and operation in pharmacy or food industry are not covered by this document.
This document does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons.
This document is applicable to cranes, which are manufactured after the date of its publication by CEN as a European Standard.
This document is not applicable to cranes manufactured before the date of its publication.
Krane - Leichtkransysteme
Le présent document s'applique aux :
- systèmes de grue légère, soit suspendus, soit autoporteurs, dont la capacité nominale de chaque dispositif de levage unitaire est inférieure ou égale à 4 t ;
- grues à flèche à colonne et aux grues à flèche murales, sans cabine, de capacité nominale inférieure ou égale à 10 t et de moment de renversement de charge inférieur ou égal à 500 kNm.
NOTE L’Annexe B donne des illustrations de ces types de grues.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue couverts par une autre norme spécifique produit, par exemple l’EN 15011:2011+A1:2014 ou l’EN 14985:2012.
Le présent document s'applique aux systèmes de grues et appareils de levage à charge suspendue dont les structures sont en acier ou en aluminium, à l'exception des structures en aluminium comportant des assemblages soudés.
Le présent document spécifie les prescriptions relatives à l'ensemble des phénomènes, situations et événements dangereux majeurs relatifs aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue, lorsque ceux-ci sont utilisés comme prévu et dans les conditions prévues par le fabricant (voir Article 4).
Les phénomènes dangereux spécifiques dus à des atmosphères potentiellement explosives, aux rayonnements ionisants, à l'utilisation dans des champs électromagnétiques allant au-delà de la plage de l'EN 61000 6 2:2016 ainsi que l'utilisation dans l'industrie pharmaceutique ou agroalimentaire ne sont pas couverts par le présent document.
Le présent document ne traite pas des prescriptions applicables au levage des personnes.
Le présent document s’applique aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue fabriqués après la date de publication en tant que Norme européenne par le CEN.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux grues fabriquées avant la date de sa publication.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Systèmes de grue légère
Žerjavi - Lahki žerjavni sistemi
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 16851:2017+A1:2021
01-april-2021
Žerjavi - Lahki žerjavni sistemi
Cranes - Light crane systems
Krane - Leichtkransysteme
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Systèmes de grue légère
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16851:2017+A1:2020
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
SIST EN 16851:2017+A1:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 16851:2017+A1:2021
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SIST EN 16851:2017+A1:2021
EN 16851:2017+A1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 53.020.20 Supersedes EN 16851:2017
English Version
Cranes - Light crane systems
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Systèmes de Krane - Leichtkransysteme
grue légère
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 November 2016 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 9
November 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16851:2017+A1:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 16851:2017+A1:2021
EN 16851:2017+A1:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 List of significant hazards . 10
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 15
5.1 General . 15
5.2 Aluminium structures . 16
5.2.1 General . 16
5.2.2 Products and materials . 16
5.2.3 Proof of static strength . 17
5.2.4 Proof of fatigue strength . 17
5.2.5 Proof of elastic stability . 18
5.3 Actions on supporting structures . 18
5.4 General components . 18
5.4.1 Joints in crane tracks, crane bridges and monorails . 18
5.4.2 Suspensions . 19
5.4.3 Bridge skewing . 19
5.4.4 Backup devices for trolleys and suspensions . 19
5.4.5 Turntables and switches . 19
5.4.6 Interlock . 20
5.4.7 Loading/unloading station . 21
5.4.8 Telescopic and cantilevered crane systems . 21
5.4.9 Trolleys . 22
5.4.10 End stops and motion limiters . 22
5.4.11 Power supply . 23
5.5 Tandem operation of cranes/trolleys from a single control station . 23
5.6 Use of multiple lifting devices. 23
5.7 Man-machine interface . 23
5.7.1 Control devices and control stations. 23
5.7.2 Horizontal speeds . 23
5.7.3 Guarding and access . 24
5.7.4 Lighting . 25
5.7.5 Reduction of noise by design . 25
5.8 Equipment for warning . 26
5.8.1 General . 26
5.8.2 Warning markings . 26
5.8.3 Cableless control warning light . 26
5.8.4 Location of the visual display unit . 26
5.9 Safety related functions of control systems . 26
6 !Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures" . 27
6.1 !General . 27
6.2 !Types of verification . 27
2
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6.3 !Fitness for purpose testing" . 29
6.3.1 Functional test . 29
6.3.2 Static test . 29
6.3.3 Dynamic test . 29
7 Information for use . 30
7.1 General . 30
7.2 Operator’s manual . 30
7.3 User’s manual . 30
7.3.1 General . 30
7.3.2 Instructions for installation . 31
7.3.3 Instructions for maintenance . 32
7.4 Marking of rated capacities . 33
Annex A (informative) Guidance for specifying the operating duty . 34
Annex B (normative) Actions on supporting structures and installation dimensions . 35
B.1 Loads and load combinations . 35
B.2 Jib cranes . 36
B.2.1 Pillar jib crane. 36
B.2.2 Wall-mounted jib crane . 37
B.3 Suspended light crane systems . 38
B.4 Free-standing systems . 39
Annex C (normative) Noise test code . 40
C.1 General . 40
C.2 Description of machinery family . 41
C.3 Determination of a conventional emission sound pressure level by calculation . 41
C.3.1 Principle of the method . 41
C.3.2 Calculation. 41
C.4 Determination of emission sound pressure level at control stations and other
specified positions and determination of sound power level by measurement. 43
C.4.1 Measurement method and points . 43
C.4.2 Installation and mounting conditions . 44
C.4.3 Operating conditions . 45
C.5 Uncertainties . 46
C.6 Information to be recorded. 46
C.7 Information to be reported . 46
C.8 Declaration and verification of noise emission values . 46
Annex D (informative) Selection of a suitable set of European Standards for cranes in a
given application. 48
Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 50
Bibliography . 53
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SIST EN 16851:2017+A1:2021
EN 16851:2017+A1:2020 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 16851:2017+A1:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147
“Cranes - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2021, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
This document includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 9 November 2020.
!This document supersedes EN 16851:2017."
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".
For relationship with other European Standards for cranes, see Annex D.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
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EN 16851:2017+A1:2020 (E)
Introduction
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
This European Standard has been prepared to provide one means for equipment of cranes to conform
to the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the scope of this document (see Clause 1).
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B
standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other
standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C
standard.
5
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EN 16851:2017+A1:2020 (E)
1 Scope
!This document applies to:
— light crane systems, either suspended or free-standing systems, where the rated capacity of any
single lifting device is 4 t or less;
— pillar and wall-mounted jib cranes, without an operator's cabin, whose rated capacity is 10 t or less
and whose overturning load moment is 500 kNm or less.
NOTE For illustration of crane types, see Annex B.
This document is not applicable to cranes covered by another product specific crane standard, e.g.
EN 15011:2011+A1:2014 or EN 14985:2012.
This document is applicable to cranes and crane systems, whose structures are made of steel or
aluminium, excluding aluminium structures containing welded joints.
This document gives requirements for all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant
to cranes, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).
The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, ionizing radiation, operation in electro-
magnetic fields beyond the range of EN 61000-6-2:2016 and operation in pharmacy or food industry
are not covered by this document.
This document does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons.
This document is applicable to cranes, which are manufactured after the date of its publication by CEN
as a European Standard.
This document is not applicable to cranes manufactured before the date of its publication."
2 Normative references
!The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 515:2017, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Wrought products - Temper designations
EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009, Safety of machinery - Ergonomic design principles - Part 1: Terminology and
general principles
EN 755-9:2016, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 9: Profiles,
tolerances on dimensions and form
EN 795:2012, Personal fall protection equipment - Anchor devices
EN 894-1:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators - Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators
EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators - Part 2: Displays
EN 12077-2:1998+A1:2008, Cranes safety - Requirements for health and safety - Part 2: Limiting and
indicating devices
EN 12644-1:2001+A1:2008, Cranes - Information for use and testing - Part 1: Instructions
6
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EN 12644-2:2000+A1:2008, Cranes - Information for use and testing - Part 2: Marking
EN 13001-1:2015, Cranes - General design - Part 1: General principles and requirements
EN 13001-2:2014, Crane safety - General design - Part 2: Load actions
EN 13001-3-1:2012+A2:2018, Cranes - General Design - Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence of
steel structure
EN 13001-3-2:2014, Cranes - General design - Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes
in reeving systems
EN 13001-3-3:2014, Cranes - General design - Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail
contacts
EN 13001-3-4:2018, Cranes - General design - Part 3-4: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery
- Bearings
EN 13001-3-5:2016, Cranes - General design - Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of competence of forged
hooks
EN 13001-3-6:2018, Cranes - General design - Part 3-6: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery
- Hydraulic cylinders
EN 13135:2013+A1:2018, Cranes - Safety - Design - Requirements for equipment
EN 13157:2004+A1:2009, Cranes - Safety - Hand powered cranes
EN 13557:2003+A2:2008, Cranes - Controls and control stations
EN 13586:2004+A1:2008, Cranes - Access
EN 14238:2004+A1:2009, Cranes - Manually controlled load manipulating devices
EN 14492-2:2019, Cranes - Power driven winches and hoists - Part 2: Power driven hoists
EN 15011:2011+A1:2014, Cranes - Bridge and gantry cranes
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:2008)
EN ISO 3744:2010, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise
sources using sound pressure - Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
(ISO 3744:2010)
EN ISO 4871:2009, Acoustics - Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment (ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a
reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections (ISO 11201:2010)
EN ISO 11202:2010, Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying approximate
environmental corrections (ISO 11202:2010)
7
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EN ISO 11203:2009, Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions from the sound power level (ISO
11203:1995)
EN ISO 11688-1:2009, Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment - Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2015)
EN ISO 13854:2019, Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
(ISO 13854:2017)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
EN ISO 14120:2015, Safety of machinery - Guards - General requirements for the design and construction
of fixed and movable guards (ISO 14120:2015)
ISO 3864 (all parts), Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs
ISO 4306-1:2007, Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General
ISO 4309:2017, Cranes — Wire ropes — Care and maintenance, inspection and discard"
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in !ISO 4306-1:2007,
EN ISO 3744:2010" and the following apply.
3.1
light crane system
assembly of lifting devices, bridges, trolleys and tracks with their suspensions for lifting operations
3.2
bridge
beam carrying lifting device(s) and supported on trolleys running on tracks
Note 1 to entry: Wording of the definition differs from that given in !ISO 4306-1:2007".
3.3
track
stationary beam on which a bridge or lifting device(s) are running
Note 1 to entry: Characteristic for tracks in light crane systems is that a track can be removed from the
supporting building structures without influence on strength of the supporting structures.
3.4
suspension
necessary clamps, hanger rods and other fittings from which a track is suspended from a building or
other supporting structure
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3.5
monorail
!single track consisting of one or several sections, on which lifting devices or trolleys are running
Note 1 to entry: Monorail together with lifting devices is a particular type of a light crane system."
!3.6
pillar mounted jib crane
crane with a vertical pillar fixed on a floor, equipped with a slewing jib and lifting device(s)
3.7
wall mounted jib crane
crane fixed to a vertical structure (e.g. wall or column), equipped with a slewing jib and lifting device(s)
3.8
jib crane
generic term for both pillar mounted and wall mounted jib cranes
Note 1 to entry: This definition is different from that in ISO 4306-1:2007."
3.9
free-standing system
floor-mounted light crane system
Note 1 to entry: A free-standing system can be supported by the surrounding structures using bracings.
Note 2 to entry: Characteristic for a free-standing system is that it can be removed from the supporting building
structures without influence on strength of the supporting structures.
Note 3 to entry: For an example of free-standing system see Figure B.4.
3.10
trolley
wheel assembly running on a track or on a bridge and supporting a bridge or lifting device
Note 1 to entry: Definition differs from that specified in ISO 4306-1.
3.11
loading/unloading station
arrangement enabling a piece of track to be lowered down and lifted up together with the lifting device
or trolley
3.12
turntable
component able to rotate in a horizontal plane and containing a piece of track, enabling the lifting
device or trolley to change from one track to another
3.13
switch
component enabling the lifting device or trolley to change from one track to another
3.14
interlock
mechanism aligning a moving bridge with a stationary track or aligning two bridges and keeping this
aligned connection steady for lifting device or trolley to move through the connection
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4 List of significant hazards
Table 1 contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt
with in this European Standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery
and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.
Table 1 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements
No. Type or group Origin (sources) Subclauses of this
European Standard
1 Mechanical hazards
1.1 Hazards generated by
machine parts or work
pieces, e.g. by:
1.1.1 Relative location 5.4.3, 5.4.5, 5.4.6,
5.4.7, 5.4.8, 5.4.10,
5.7.3, Clause 6, 7.2
1.1.2 Mass and stability 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.1,
5.4.2, 5.4.3, 5.4.4,
5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.4.8,
5.4.9, 5.4.10, Clause 6,
7.2, 7.4
1.1.3 Mass and velocity 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.1,
5.4.2, 5.4.3, 5.4.10, 5.5,
5.7.3, Clause 6, 7.2
1.1.4 Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.1,
5.4.2, 5.4.3, 5.4.4,
5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.4.9,
5.4.10, Clause 6, 7.1,
7.4
1.2 Accumulation of energy
inside the machinery,
e.g. by:
1.2.1 Fluids under pressure 5.4.11, Clause 6, 7.1,
7.2
1.3 Elementary forms of
mechanical hazards:
1.3.1 Crushing 5.7.3, 7.1
1.3.2 Shearing 5.1, 5.7.3, 7.1
1.3.3 Cutting or severing 5.7.3, 7.1
1.3.4 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.7.3, 7.1
- moving transmission parts
1.3.5 Impact 5.7.3, 7.1, 7.2
1.3.6 High pressure fluid injection or ejection 5.4.11, 5.7.3, 7.1
hazard
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No. Type or group Origin (sources) Subclauses of this
European Standard
2 Electrical hazards due
to:
2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct 5.4.11, 5.7.3, 7.2
contact)
2.2 Contact of persons with parts which have 5.1
become live under faulty conditions
(indirect contact)
2.3 Approach to live par
...
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