SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
(Main)Textiles - Quantitative chemical analysis - Part 1: General principles of testing (ISO 1833-1:2006, including Cor 1:2009)
Textiles - Quantitative chemical analysis - Part 1: General principles of testing (ISO 1833-1:2006, including Cor 1:2009)
This part of ISO 1833 specifies a common method for the quantitative chemical analysis of various binary mixtures of fibres. This method and the methods described in the other parts of ISO 1833 are applicable, in general, to fibres in any textile form. Where certain textile forms are excepted, these are listed in the scope of the appropriate part.
Textilien - Quantitative chemische Analysen - Teil 1: 009: Allgemeine Grundlagen der Prüfung (ISO 1833-1:2006, einschließlich Cor 1:2009)
In dem vorliegenden Teil der ISO 1833 wird ein übliches Verfahren zur quantitativen chemischen Analyse verschiedenartiger binärer Fasermischungen festgelegt. Das vorliegende Verfahren sowie die in den anderen Teilen der ISO 1833 beschriebenen Verfahren gelten im Allgemeinen für Fasern in jeder beliebigen textilen Form. Sofern bestimmte textile Formen ausgeschlossen sind, werden diese in dem Anwendungsbereich des entsprechenden Teils aufgeführt.
Textiles - Analyse chimique quantitative - Partie 1: Principes généraux des essais (ISO 1833-1:2006, Cor 1:2009 inclus)
l'ISO 1833-1:2006 spécifie une méthode commune pour l'analyse chimique quantitative de divers mélanges binaires de fibres. La présente méthode et les méthodes spécifiées dans les autres parties de l'ISO 1833 sont en général applicables aux fibres contenues dans tous types de textiles. Lorsque certains types de textiles sont exclus, ils sont énumérés dans le domaine d'application de la partie appropriée.
Tekstilije - Kvantitativna kemična analiza - 1. del: Splošna načela preskušanja (ISO 1833-1:2006, vključno s popravkom 1:2009)
V tem delu standarda ISO 1833 je podana običajna metoda za kvantitativno kemično analizo različnih dvokomponentnih vlakenskih mešanic. Ta metoda in metode, ki so opisane v drugih delih standarda ISO 1833, se v splošnem uporabljajo za vlakna v katerikoli tekstilni obliki. Kjer so določene tekstilne oblike izvzete, je to navedeno v področju uporabe ustreznega dela.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
01-julij-2013
7HNVWLOLMH.YDQWLWDWLYQDNHPLþQDDQDOL]DGHO 6SORãQDQDþHODSUHVNXãDQMD ,62
YNOMXþQRVSRSUDYNRP
Textiles - Quantitative chemical analysis - Part 1: General principles of testing (ISO 1833
-1:2006, including Cor 1:2009)
Textilien - Quantitative chemische Analysen - Teil 1: 009: Allgemeine Grundlagen der
Prüfung (ISO 1833-1:2006, einschließlich Cor 1:2009)
Textiles - Analyse chimique quantitative - Partie 1: Principes généraux des essais (ISO
1833-1:2006, Cor 1:2009 inclus)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 1833-1:2010
ICS:
59.080.01 Tekstilije na splošno Textiles in general
SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 1833-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2010
ICS 59.060.01
English Version
Textiles - Quantitative chemical analysis - Part 1: General
principles of testing (ISO 1833-1:2006, including Cor 1:2009)
Textiles - Analyse chimique quantitative - Partie 1: Textilien - Quantitative chemische Analysen - Teil 1:
Principes généraux des essais (ISO 1833-1:2006, Cor Allgemeine Grundlagen der Prüfung (ISO 1833-1:2006,
1:2009 inclus) einschließlich Cor 1:2009)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 September 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 1833-1:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
EN ISO 1833-1:2010 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
EN ISO 1833-1:2010 (E)
Foreword
The text of ISO 1833-1:2006, including Cor 1:2009 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38
“Textiles” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO
1833-1:2010 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile products” the secretariat of which is
held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by April 2011.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 1833-1:2006, including Cor 1:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 1833-1:2010
without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 1833-1
First edition
2006-06-01
Textiles — Quantitative chemical
analysis —
Part 1:
General principles of testing
Textiles — Analyses chimiques quantitatives —
Partie 1: Principes généraux des essais
Reference number
ISO 1833-1:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
ISO 1833-1:2006(E)
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ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
ISO 1833-1:2006(E)
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Principle. 1
5 Reagents. 1
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Conditioning and testing atmosphere. 2
8 Sampling and pre-treatment of sample . 2
9 Procedure . 3
10 Calculation and expression of results. 4
11 Precision of the methods. 5
12 Test report . 6
Annex A (informative) Methods for the removal of non-fibrous matter. 7
Annex B (informative) Method of quantitative analysis by manual separation . 14
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
ISO 1833-1:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 1833-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles.
This first edition of ISO 1833-1 cancels and replaces ISO/TR 5090:1977 and partially revises ISO 1833:1977.
ISO 1833:1977 will be cancelled and replaced by ISO 1833-1, ISO 1833-3, ISO 1833-4, ISO 1833-5,
ISO 1833-6, ISO 1833-7, ISO 1833-8, ISO 1833-9, ISO 1833-10, ISO 1833-11, ISO 1833-12, ISO 1833-13,
ISO 1833-14, ISO 1833-15, ISO 1833-16, ISO 1833-17, ISO 1833-18 and ISO 1833-19.
ISO 1833 consists of the following parts, under the general title Textiles — Quantitative chemical analysis:
⎯ Part 1: General principles of testing
⎯ Part 2: Ternary fibre mixtures
⎯ Part 3: Mixtures of acetate and certain other fibres (method using acetone)
⎯ Part 4: Mixtures of certain protein and certain other fibres (method using hypochlorite)
⎯ Part 5: Mixtures of viscose, cupro or modal and cotton fibres (method using sodium zincate)
⎯ Part 7: Mixtures of polyamide and certain other fibres (method using formic acid)
⎯ Part 8: Mixtures of acetate and triacetate fibres (method using acetone)
⎯ Part 9: Mixtures of acetate and triacetate fibres (method using benzyl alcohol)
⎯ Part 10: Mixtures of triacetate or polylactide and certain other fibres (method using dichloromethane)
⎯ Part 11: Mixtures of cellulose and polyester fibres (method using sulfuric acid)
⎯ Part 12: Mixtures of acrylic, certain modacrylics, certain chlorofibres, certain elastanes and certain other
fibres (method using dimethylformamide)
⎯ Part 13: Mixtures of certain chlorofibres and certain other fibres (method using carbon disulfide/acetone)
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
ISO 1833-1:2006(E)
⎯ Part 14: Mixtures of acetate and certain chlorofibres (method using acetic acid)
⎯ Part 15: Mixtures of jute and certain animal fibres (method by determining nitrogen content)
⎯ Part 16: Mixtures of polypropylene fibres and certain other fibres (method using xylene)
⎯ Part 17: Mixtures of chlorofibres (homopolymers of vinyl chloride) and certain other fibres (method using
sulfuric acid)
⎯ Part 18: Mixtures of silk and wool or hair (method using sulfuric acid)
⎯ Part 19: Mixtures of cellulose fibres and asbestos (method by heating)
⎯ Part 21: Mixtures of chlorofibres, certain modacrylics, certain elastanes, acetates, triacetates and certain
other fibres (method using cyclohexanone)
The following parts are under preparation:
⎯ Part 6: Mixtures of viscose or certain types of cupro or modal or lyocell and cotton fibres (method using
formic acid and zinc chloride)
⎯ Part 20: Mixtures of elastane and certain other fibres (method using dimethylacetamide)
⎯ Part 22: Mixtures of viscose or certain types of cupro or modal or lyocell and flax fibres (method using
formic acid and zinc chlorate)
⎯ Part 23: Mixtures of polyethylene and polypropylene (method using cyclohexanone)
⎯ Part 24: Mixtures of polyester and some other fibres (method using phenol and tetrachloroethane)
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
ISO 1833-1:2006(E)
Introduction
In general, the methods described in the different parts of ISO 1833 are based on the selective solution of an
individual component. After the removal of a component, the insoluble residue is weighed, and the proportion
of soluble component is calculated from the loss in mass. This part of ISO 1833 gives the information which is
common to the analyses, by this method, of all fibre mixtures, whatever their composition. This information
should be used in conjunction with the other parts of ISO 1833; these parts contain the detailed procedures
applicable to particular fibre mixtures. Where, occasionally, an analysis is based on a principle other than
selective solution, full details are given in the appropriate part.
Mixtures of fibres during processing and, to a lesser extent, finished textiles may contain fats, waxes or
dressings, either occurring naturally or added to facilitate processing. Salts and other water-soluble matter
may also be present. Some or all of these substances would be removed during analysis, and calculated as
the soluble-fibre component. To avoid this error, non-fibrous matter should be removed before analysis. A
method of pre-treatment for removing oils, fats, waxes and water-soluble matter is given in Annex A of this
part of ISO 1833.
In addition, textiles may contain resins or other matter added to bond the fibres together or to confer special
properties, such as water-repellence or crease-resistance.
Such matter, including dyestuffs in exceptional cases, may interfere with the action of the reagent on the
soluble component and/or it may be partially or completely removed by the reagent. This type of added matter
may also cause errors and should be removed before the sample is analysed. If it is impossible to remove
such added matter, the methods of analysis are no longer applicable. Dye in dyed fibres is considered to be
an integral part of the fibre and is not removed.
Most textile fibres contain water, the amount depending on the type of fibre and on the relative humidity of the
surrounding air. Analyses are conducted on the basis of dry mass, and a procedure for determining the dry
mass of test specimens and residues is given in this part of ISO 1833. The result is therefore obtained on the
basis of clean, dry fibres.
Provision is made for recalculating the result on the basis of
1)
a) agreed allowances for moisture content ,
b) agreed allowances for moisture and also for
1) fibrous matter removed in the pre-treatment, and
2) non-fibrous matter (for example, fibre dressing, processing oil, or size) that can be properly regarded
as part of the fibre as an article of commerce.
In some methods, the insoluble component of a mixture may be partially dissolved in the reagent used to
dissolve the soluble component. Where possible, reagents have been chosen that have little or no effect on
the insoluble fibres. If loss in mass is known to occur during the analysis, the result should be corrected;
correction factors for this purpose are given. These correction factors have been determined in several
laboratories by treating, in the appropriate reagent as specified in the method of analysis, fibres cleaned by
the pre-treatment. These correction factors apply only to undegraded fibres, and different correction factors
may be necessary if the fibres have been degraded during processing.
1) The values to use are the conventional conditioning rates for the respective fibres, when rates exist.
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
ISO 1833-1:2006(E)
The procedures given apply to single determinations; at least two determinations on separate test specimens
should be made, but more may be carried out if desired. Before proceeding with any analysis, all the fibres
present in the mixture should have been identified. For confirmation, unless it is technically impossible, it is
recommended that use be made of alternative procedures whereby the constituent that would be the residue
in the standard method is dissolved out first.
If it is practicable to separate the components of a mixture manually, the method described in Annex B should
be used in preference to the chemical methods of analysis given in the individual parts of ISO 1833.
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1833-1:2006(E)
Textiles — Quantitative chemical analysis —
Part 1:
General principles of testing
1 Scope
This part of ISO 1833 specifies a common method for the quantitative chemical analysis of various binary
mixtures of fibres. This method and the methods described in the other parts of ISO 1833 are applicable, in
general, to fibres in any textile form. Where certain textile forms are excepted, these are listed in the scope of
the appropriate part.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5089, Textiles — Preparation of laboratory test samples and test specimens for chemical testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
non-fibrous matter
processing aids such as lubricants and sizes (but excluding jute-batching oils), and naturally occurring
non-fibrous substances
4 Principle
After the identification of the components of a mixture, one component is removed, usually by selective
solution, the insoluble residue is weighed, and the proportions of soluble component are calculated from the
loss in mass. Where relevant, the fibre in the larger proportion is removed first.
5 Reagents
Use only reagents of recognized analytical grade.
5.1 Light petroleum, re-distilled, distilling between 40 °C and 60 °C.
5.2 Distilled or deionized water.
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
ISO 1833-1:2006(E)
6 Apparatus
6.1 Glass filter crucible, capacity 30 ml to 40 ml, with sealed-in sintered disk filter with pore size of 90 µm
to 150 µm.
The crucible shall be provided with either a ground glass stopper or a watch-glass cover.
NOTE In place of a glass filter crucible, any other apparatus giving identical results may be used.
6.2 Vacuum flask.
6.3 Desiccator containing self-indicating silica gel.
6.4 Ventilated oven for drying specimens at (105 ± 3) °C.
6.5 Analytical balance with a resolution of 0,000 2 g or better.
6.6 Soxhlet extraction apparatus, of sufficient size to give a volume, in millilitres, equal to 20 times the
mass, in grams, of the specimen, or any other apparatus giving identical results.
7 Conditioning and testing atmosphere
Because dry masses are determined, it is unnecessary to condition the specimen. The analysis is carried out
under ordinary room conditions.
8 Sampling and pre-treatment of sample
8.1 Sampling
Take a laboratory test sample, as described in ISO 5089, that is representative of the laboratory bulk sample
and sufficient to provide all the specimens, each of at least 1 g, that are required. Fabrics may contain yarns
of different composition and account should be taken of this fact in the sampling of the fabric. Treat the
sample as described in 8.2
8.2 Pre-treatment of laboratory test sample
Extract the air-dry sample in a Soxhlet apparatus with light petroleum for 1 h at a minimum rate of six cycles
per hour.
Allow the light petroleum to evaporate from the sample. Soak the specimen in cold water for 1 h, and then in
water at (65 ± 5) °C for a further 1 h. In both cases, use a liquor/specimen ratio of 100/1 and agitate the liquor
from time to time. Remove the excess water from the sample by squeezing, suction, or centrifuging and then
allow the sample to become air-dry.
Where non-fibrous matter cannot be extracted with light petroleum and water, it shall be removed by a
suitable method that does not substantially alter any of the fibre constituents. However, for some unbleached,
natural vegetable fibres (for example, jute, coir), it is to be noted that normal pre-treatment with light petroleum
and water does not remove all the natural non-fibrous substances; nevertheless, additional pre-treatment is
not applied unless the sample contains finishes which are insoluble in both light petroleum and water.
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
ISO 1833-1:2006(E)
9 Procedure
9.1 General instructions
9.1.1 Drying
Conduct all drying operations for not less than 4 h and not more than 16 h at (105 ± 3) °C in a ventilated oven
with the oven door closed throughout.
NOTE The specimen should be dried until constant mass is achieved.
9.1.2 Drying of specimen
Dry the specimen in a weighing bottle with its stopper beside it. After drying, stopper the weighing bottle
before removing it from the oven, and transfer it quickly to a desiccator.
9.1.3 Drying of crucible and residue
Dry the filter crucible with its stopper or cover beside it in the oven. After drying, close the crucible and transfer
it quickly to a desiccator.
9.1.4 Cooling
Conduct all cooling operations until complete cooling is attained, and in any case for not less than 2 h with the
desiccator beside the balance.
9.1.5 Weighing
After cooling, complete the weighing of the weighing bottle or crucible within 2 min of its removal from the
desiccator.
Weigh to an accuracy of 0,000 2 g.
NOTE Do not handle the crucibles, specimens or residues with bare hands during the drying, cooling and weighing
operations.
9.2 Testing execution
Take from the pre-treated laboratory test sample a test specimen weighing about 1 g. Cut yarn or dissected
cloth into lengths of about 10 mm. Dry the specimen in a weighing bottle, cool it in a desiccator and weigh it.
Transfer the specimen to the glass vessel specified in the appropriate part of ISO 1833, reweigh the weighing
bottle immediately, and obtain the dry mass of the specimen by the difference.
Complete the test procedure as specified in the appropriate part of ISO 1833, and examine the residue
microscopically, or otherwise, as appropriate, to check that the treatment has in fact completely removed the
soluble fibre.
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
ISO 1833-1:2006(E)
10 Calculation and expression of results
10.1 General
Express the mass of the insoluble component as a percentage of the total mass of fibre in the mixture.
Calculate the result based on
a) clean dry mass (as in 10.2), or
b) clean dry mass with agreed percentage additions for moisture (as in 10.3), or
c) clean dry mass with agreed percentage additions for moisture and percentage losses of fibrous matter
removed in the pre-treatment (as in 10.4), and
d) clean dry mass with agreed percentage additions for moisture and non-fibrous matter (as in 10.4).
Obtain the percentage of the soluble component by difference. State which of the calculation procedures has
been used and, in cases b), c) and d), state the values of the percentage additions.
10.2 Method based on clean dry mass
100md
1
P=
m
0
where
P is the percentage of clean dry insoluble component;
m is the dry mass of the specimen;
0
m is the dry mass of the residue;
1
d is the correction factor of variation in mass of insoluble component in the reagent.
Suitable values of d are given in the different parts of ISO 1833.
10.3 Method based on clean dry mass with percentage additions for moisture
100Pa(1+ 0,01 )
2
P =
M
Pa10++,01 100−P 10+ ,01a
()( )( )
21
where
P is the percentage of clean insoluble component with percentage additions for moisture;
M
P is the percentage of clean dry insoluble component;
a is the percentage addition to the soluble component for moisture;
1
a is the percentage addition to the insoluble component for moisture.
2
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
ISO 1833-1:2006(E)
10.4 Method based on clean dry mass with percentage additions for moisture
and non-fibrous matter, and/or percentage losses of fibrous matter by pre-treatment
100Pa⎡⎤1++0,01 b
()
22
⎣⎦
P =
A
⎡⎤ ⎡ ⎤
Pa1++0,01 b+ 100−P 1+ 0,01a+b
()( ) ( )
22 1 1
⎣⎦ ⎣ ⎦
where
P is the percentage of clean insoluble component with percentage additions for moisture and non-
A
fibrous matter;
P is the percentage of clean dry insoluble component;
a is the percentage addition to the soluble component for moisture;
1
a is the percentage addition to the insoluble component for moisture;
2
b is the percentage loss of soluble fibrous matter caused by the pre-treatment, and/or the percentage
1
addition to the soluble component for non-fibrous matter;
b is the percentage loss of insoluble fibrous matter caused by the pre-treatment, and/or the percentage
2
addition to the insoluble component for non-fibrous matter.
The percentage of the second component (P ) is equal to (100 – P ).
2A A
Where a special pre-treatment has been used, the values of b and b should be determined, if possible, by
1 2
submitting each of the pure fibre constituents to pre-treatment applied in the analysis. Pure fibres are those
free from all non-fibrous material except that which they normally contain (either naturally or because of the
manufacturing process), in the state (unbleached, bleached) in which they are found in the material to be
analysed.
11 Precision of the methods
The precision indicated in individual parts of ISO 1833 relates to the reproducibility. This refers to the reliability,
i.e. the closeness of agreement between experimental values obtained by operators in different laboratories or
at different times, using the same method on specimens of an identical, consistent mixture.
The reproducibility is expressed by confidence limits of the results for a confidence level of 95 %, i.e. the
difference between two results in a series of analyses made in different laboratories would be exceeded only
in five cases out of 100, when the standard method is applied to an identical consistent mixture.
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
ISO 1833-1:2006(E)
12 Test report
The test report shall specify the following:
a) reference to this part of ISO 1833 (ISO 1833-1:2006);
b) whether the result relates to the overall composition of the material or to an individual component of the
assembly;
c) details of any special treatment for the removal of size or finish given in addition to the specified
pre-treatment;
d) the individual results and the arithmetic mean, each to an accuracy of 0,1;
e) whether the result is based on
1) clean dry mass,
2) clean dry mass with percentage additions for moisture, giving the values of the percentage additions,
3) clean dry mass with percentage additions for moisture and percentage losses of fibrous matter
caused by the pre-treatment, giving the values of the percentage additions,
4) clean dry mass with percentage additions for moisture and non-fibrous matter, giving the values of
the percentage additions.
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SIST EN ISO 1833-1:2013
ISO 1833-1:2006(E)
Annex A
(informative)
Methods for the removal of non-fibrous matter
A.1 General
The removal of certain types of non-fibrous matter, particularly when more than one substance is present,
may demand the exercise of considerable chemical resource, and each material to be treated for removal of
its non-fibrous matter should be regarded as an individual problem. The procedures suggested in this annex
do not pretend to be complete, and it should not be assumed that those described in this annex will have no
effect on the physical and chemical properties of the text
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Textilien - Quantitative chemische Analysen - Teil 1: 009: Allgemeine Grundlagen der Prüfung (ISO 1833-1:2006, einschließlich Cor 1:2009)Textiles - Analyse chimique quantitative - Partie 1: Principes généraux des essais (ISO 1833-1:2006, Cor 1:2009 inclus)Textiles - Quantitative chemical analysis - Part 1: General principles of testing (ISO 1833-1:2006, including Cor 1:2009)59.060.01Tekstilna vlakna na splošnoTextile fibres in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:FprEN ISO 1833-1kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010en01-maj-2010kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
FINAL DRAFT
FprEN ISO 1833-1
March 2010 ICS 59.060.01 English Version
Textiles - Quantitative chemical analysis - Part 1: General principles of testing (ISO 1833-1:2006, including Cor 1:2009)
Textiles - Analyse chimique quantitative - Partie 1: Principes généraux des essais (ISO 1833-1:2006, Cor 1:2009 inclus)
Textilien - Quantitative chemische Analysen - Teil 1: 009: Allgemeine Grundlagen der Prüfung (ISO 1833-1:2006, einschließlich Cor 1:2009) This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for unique acceptance procedure. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 248.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010: EkSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010
FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3 kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010
FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 1833-1:2006, including Cor 1:2009 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38 “Textiles” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile products” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 1833-1:2006, including Cor 1:2009 has been approved by CEN as a FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010 without any modification.
kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010
kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010
Reference numberISO 1833-1:2006(E)© ISO 2006
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO1833-1First edition2006-06-01Textiles — Quantitative chemical analysis — Part 1: General principles of testing Textiles — Analyses chimiques quantitatives —
Partie 1: Principes généraux des essais
kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010
ISO 1833-1:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
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ii
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010
ISO 1833-1:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
iiiContents Page 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.1 3 Terms and definitions.1 4 Principle.1 5 Reagents.1 6 Apparatus.2 7 Conditioning and testing atmosphere.2 8 Sampling and pre-treatment of sample.2 9 Procedure.3 10 Calculation and expression of results.4 11 Precision of the methods.5 12 Test report.6 Annex A (informative)
Methods for the removal of non-fibrous matter.7 Annex B (informative)
Method of quantitative analysis by manual separation.14
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ISO 1833-1:2006(E) iv
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 1833-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles. This first edition of ISO 1833-1 cancels and replaces ISO/TR 5090:1977 and partially revises ISO 1833:1977.
ISO 1833:1977 will be cancelled and replaced by ISO 1833-1, ISO 1833-3, ISO 1833-4, ISO 1833-5, ISO 1833-6, ISO 1833-7, ISO 1833-8, ISO 1833-9, ISO 1833-10, ISO 1833-11, ISO 1833-12, ISO 1833-13, ISO 1833-14, ISO 1833-15, ISO 1833-16, ISO 1833-17, ISO 1833-18 and ISO 1833-19. ISO 1833 consists of the following parts, under the general title Textiles — Quantitative chemical analysis: ⎯ Part 1: General principles of testing ⎯ Part 2: Ternary fibre mixtures
⎯ Part 3: Mixtures of acetate and certain other fibres (method using acetone) ⎯ Part 4: Mixtures of certain protein and certain other fibres (method using hypochlorite) ⎯ Part 5: Mixtures of viscose, cupro or modal and cotton fibres (method using sodium zincate) ⎯ Part 7: Mixtures of polyamide and certain other fibres (method using formic acid) ⎯ Part 8: Mixtures of acetate and triacetate fibres (method using acetone) ⎯ Part 9: Mixtures of acetate and triacetate fibres (method using benzyl alcohol) ⎯ Part 10: Mixtures of triacetate or polylactide and certain other fibres (method using dichloromethane) ⎯ Part 11: Mixtures of cellulose and polyester fibres (method using sulfuric acid) ⎯ Part 12: Mixtures of acrylic, certain modacrylics, certain chlorofibres, certain elastanes and certain other fibres (method using dimethylformamide) ⎯ Part 13: Mixtures of certain chlorofibres and certain other fibres (method using carbon disulfide/acetone) kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010
ISO 1833-1:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
v⎯ Part 14: Mixtures of acetate and certain chlorofibres (method using acetic acid) ⎯ Part 15: Mixtures of jute and certain animal fibres (method by determining nitrogen content) ⎯ Part 16: Mixtures of polypropylene fibres and certain other fibres (method using xylene) ⎯ Part 17: Mixtures of chlorofibres (homopolymers of vinyl chloride) and certain other fibres (method using sulfuric acid) ⎯ Part 18: Mixtures of silk and wool or hair (method using sulfuric acid) ⎯ Part 19: Mixtures of cellulose fibres and asbestos (method by heating) ⎯ Part 21: Mixtures of chlorofibres, certain modacrylics, certain elastanes, acetates, triacetates and certain other fibres (method using cyclohexanone) The following parts are under preparation: ⎯ Part 6: Mixtures of viscose or certain types of cupro or modal or lyocell and cotton fibres (method using formic acid and zinc chloride) ⎯ Part 20: Mixtures of elastane and certain other fibres (method using dimethylacetamide) ⎯ Part 22: Mixtures of viscose or certain types of cupro or modal or lyocell and flax fibres (method using formic acid and zinc chlorate) ⎯ Part 23: Mixtures of polyethylene and polypropylene (method using cyclohexanone) ⎯ Part 24: Mixtures of polyester and some other fibres (method using phenol and tetrachloroethane)
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ISO 1833-1:2006(E) vi
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved Introduction In general, the methods described in the different parts of ISO 1833 are based on the selective solution of an individual component. After the removal of a component, the insoluble residue is weighed, and the proportion of soluble component is calculated from the loss in mass. This part of ISO 1833 gives the information which is common to the analyses, by this method, of all fibre mixtures, whatever their composition. This information should be used in conjunction with the other parts of ISO 1833; these parts contain the detailed procedures applicable to particular fibre mixtures. Where, occasionally, an analysis is based on a principle other than selective solution, full details are given in the appropriate part. Mixtures of fibres during processing and, to a lesser extent, finished textiles may contain fats, waxes or dressings, either occurring naturally or added to facilitate processing. Salts and other water-soluble matter may also be present. Some or all of these substances would be removed during analysis, and calculated as the soluble-fibre component. To avoid this error, non-fibrous matter should be removed before analysis. A method of pre-treatment for removing oils, fats, waxes and water-soluble matter is given in Annex A of this part of ISO 1833. In addition, textiles may contain resins or other matter added to bond the fibres together or to confer special properties, such as water-repellence or crease-resistance. Such matter, including dyestuffs in exceptional cases, may interfere with the action of the reagent on the soluble component and/or it may be partially or completely removed by the reagent. This type of added matter may also cause errors and should be removed before the sample is analysed. If it is impossible to remove such added matter, the methods of analysis are no longer applicable. Dye in dyed fibres is considered to be an integral part of the fibre and is not removed. Most textile fibres contain water, the amount depending on the type of fibre and on the relative humidity of the surrounding air. Analyses are conducted on the basis of dry mass, and a procedure for determining the dry mass of test specimens and residues is given in this part of ISO 1833. The result is therefore obtained on the basis of clean, dry fibres. Provision is made for recalculating the result on the basis of a) agreed allowances for moisture content1), b) agreed allowances for moisture and also for 1) fibrous matter removed in the pre-treatment, and 2) non-fibrous matter (for example, fibre dressing, processing oil, or size) that can be properly regarded as part of the fibre as an article of commerce. In some methods, the insoluble component of a mixture may be partially dissolved in the reagent used to dissolve the soluble component. Where possible, reagents have been chosen that have little or no effect on the insoluble fibres. If loss in mass is known to occur during the analysis, the result should be corrected; correction factors for this purpose are given. These correction factors have been determined in several laboratories by treating, in the appropriate reagent as specified in the method of analysis, fibres cleaned by the pre-treatment. These correction factors apply only to undegraded fibres, and different correction factors may be necessary if the fibres have been degraded during processing.
1) The values to use are the conventional conditioning rates for the respective fibres, when rates exist. kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010
ISO 1833-1:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
viiThe procedures given apply to single determinations; at least two determinations on separate test specimens should be made, but more may be carried out if desired. Before proceeding with any analysis, all the fibres present in the mixture should have been identified. For confirmation, unless it is technically impossible, it is recommended that use be made of alternative procedures whereby the constituent that would be the residue in the standard method is dissolved out first. If it is practicable to separate the components of a mixture manually, the method described in Annex B should be used in preference to the chemical methods of analysis given in the individual parts of ISO 1833.
kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010
kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1833-1:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
1Textiles — Quantitative chemical analysis — Part 1: General principles of testing 1 Scope This part of ISO 1833 specifies a common method for the quantitative chemical analysis of various binary mixtures of fibres. This method and the methods described in the other parts of ISO 1833 are applicable, in general, to fibres in any textile form. Where certain textile forms are excepted, these are listed in the scope of the appropriate part. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5089, Textiles — Preparation of laboratory test samples and test specimens for chemical testing 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 non-fibrous matter processing aids such as lubricants and sizes (but excluding jute-batching oils), and naturally occurring non-fibrous substances 4 Principle After the identification of the components of a mixture, one component is removed, usually by selective solution, the insoluble residue is weighed, and the proportions of soluble component are calculated from the loss in mass. Where relevant, the fibre in the larger proportion is removed first. 5 Reagents Use only reagents of recognized analytical grade. 5.1
Light petroleum, re-distilled, distilling between 40 °C and 60 °C. 5.2 Distilled or deionized water. kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010
ISO 1833-1:2006(E) 2
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 6 Apparatus 6.1 Glass filter crucible, capacity 30 ml to 40 ml, with sealed-in sintered disk filter with pore size of 90 µm to 150 µm. The crucible shall be provided with either a ground glass stopper or a watch-glass cover. NOTE In place of a glass filter crucible, any other apparatus giving identical results may be used. 6.2 Vacuum flask. 6.3 Desiccator containing self-indicating silica gel. 6.4 Ventilated oven for drying specimens at (105 ± 3) °C. 6.5 Analytical balance with a resolution of 0,000 2 g or better. 6.6 Soxhlet extraction apparatus, of sufficient size to give a volume, in millilitres, equal to 20 times the mass, in grams, of the specimen, or any other apparatus giving identical results. 7 Conditioning and testing atmosphere Because dry masses are determined, it is unnecessary to condition the specimen. The analysis is carried out under ordinary room conditions. 8 Sampling and pre-treatment of sample 8.1 Sampling Take a laboratory test sample, as described in ISO 5089, that is representative of the laboratory bulk sample and sufficient to provide all the specimens, each of at least 1 g, that are required. Fabrics may contain yarns of different composition and account should be taken of this fact in the sampling of the fabric. Treat the sample as described in 8.2 8.2 Pre-treatment of laboratory test sample Extract the air-dry sample in a Soxhlet apparatus with light petroleum for 1 h at a minimum rate of six cycles per hour. Allow the light petroleum to evaporate from the sample. Soak the specimen in cold water for 1 h, and then in water at (65 ± 5) °C for a further 1 h. In both cases, use a liquor/specimen ratio of 100/1 and agitate the liquor from time to time. Remove the excess water from the sample by squeezing, suction, or centrifuging and then allow the sample to become air-dry. Where non-fibrous matter cannot be extracted with light petroleum and water, it shall be removed by a suitable method that does not substantially alter any of the fibre constituents. However, for some unbleached, natural vegetable fibres (for example, jute, coir), it is to be noted that normal pre-treatment with light petroleum and water does not remove all the natural non-fibrous substances; nevertheless, additional pre-treatment is not applied unless the sample contains finishes which are insoluble in both light petroleum and water. kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010
ISO 1833-1:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
39 Procedure 9.1 General instructions 9.1.1 Drying Conduct all drying operations for not less than 4 h and not more than 16 h at (105 ± 3) °C in a ventilated oven with the oven door closed throughout. NOTE The specimen should be dried until constant mass is achieved. 9.1.2 Drying of specimen Dry the specimen in a weighing bottle with its stopper beside it. After drying, stopper the weighing bottle before removing it from the oven, and transfer it quickly to a desiccator. 9.1.3 Drying of crucible and residue Dry the filter crucible with its stopper or cover beside it in the oven. After drying, close the crucible and transfer it quickly to a desiccator. 9.1.4 Cooling Conduct all cooling operations until complete cooling is attained, and in any case for not less than 2 h with the desiccator beside the balance. 9.1.5 Weighing After cooling, complete the weighing of the weighing bottle or crucible within 2 min of its removal from the desiccator. Weigh to an accuracy of 0,000 2 g. NOTE Do not handle the crucibles, specimens or residues with bare hands during the drying, cooling and weighing operations. 9.2 Testing execution Take from the pre-treated laboratory test sample a test specimen weighing about 1 g. Cut yarn or dissected cloth into lengths of about 10 mm. Dry the specimen in a weighing bottle, cool it in a desiccator and weigh it. Transfer the specimen to the glass vessel specified in the appropriate part of ISO 1833, reweigh the weighing bottle immediately, and obtain the dry mass of the specimen by the difference. Complete the test procedure as specified in the appropriate part of ISO 1833, and examine the residue microscopically, or otherwise, as appropriate, to check that the treatment has in fact completely removed the soluble fibre. kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010
ISO 1833-1:2006(E) 4
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 10 Calculation and expression of results 10.1 General Express the mass of the insoluble component as a percentage of the total mass of fibre in the mixture. Calculate the result based on a) clean dry mass (as in 10.2), or
b) clean dry mass with agreed percentage additions for moisture (as in 10.3), or
c) clean dry mass with agreed percentage additions for moisture and percentage losses of fibrous matter removed in the pre-treatment (as in 10.4), and d) clean dry mass with agreed percentage additions for moisture and non-fibrous matter (as in 10.4). Obtain the percentage of the soluble component by difference. State which of the calculation procedures has been used and, in cases b), c) and d), state the values of the percentage additions. 10.2 Method based on clean dry mass 10100mdPm= where P is the percentage of clean dry insoluble component; m0 is the dry mass of the specimen; m1 is the dry mass of the residue; d is the correction factor of variation in mass of insoluble component in the reagent.
Suitable values of d are given in the different parts of ISO 1833. 10.3 Method based on clean dry mass with percentage additions for moisture ()()()()2M2110010,0110,0110010,01PaPPaPa+=++−+ where PM is the percentage of clean insoluble component with percentage additions for moisture; P is the percentage of clean dry insoluble component; a1 is the percentage addition to the soluble component for moisture; a2 is the percentage addition to the insoluble component for moisture. kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010
ISO 1833-1:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
510.4 Method based on clean dry mass with percentage additions for moisture and non-fibrous matter, and/or percentage losses of fibrous matter by pre-treatment ()()()()22A221110010,0110,0110010,01PabPPabPab⎡⎤++⎣⎦=⎡⎤⎡⎤+++−++⎣⎦⎣⎦ where PA is the percentage of clean insoluble component with percentage additions for moisture and non-fibrous matter; P is the percentage of clean dry insoluble component; a1 is the percentage addition to the soluble component for moisture; a2 is the percentage addition to the insoluble component for moisture;
b1 is the percentage loss of soluble fibrous matter caused by the pre-treatment, and/or the percentage addition to the soluble component for non-fibrous matter; b2 is the percentage loss of insoluble fibrous matter caused by the pre-treatment, and/or the percentage addition to the insoluble component for non-fibrous matter. The percentage of the second component (P2A) is equal to (100 – PA). Where a special pre-treatment has been used, the values of b1 and b2 should be determined, if possible, by submitting each of the pure fibre constituents to pre-treatment applied in the analysis. Pure fibres are those free from all non-fibrous material except that which they normally contain (either naturally or because of the manufacturing process), in the state (unbleached, bleached) in which they are found in the material to be analysed. 11 Precision of the methods The precision indicated in individual parts of ISO 1833 relates to the reproducibility. This refers to the reliability, i.e. the closeness of agreement between experimental values obtained by operators in different laboratories or at different times, using the same method on specimens of an identical, consistent mixture. The reproducibility is expressed by confidence limits of the results for a confidence level of 95 %, i.e. the difference between two results in a series of analyses made in different laboratories would be exceeded only in five cases out of 100, when the standard method is applied to an identical consistent mixture. kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010
ISO 1833-1:2006(E) 6
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 12 Test report The test report shall specify the following: a) reference to this part of ISO 1833 (ISO 1833-1:2006); b) whether the result relates to the overall composition of the material or to an individual component of the assembly; c) details of any special treatment for the removal of size or finish given in addition to the specified pre-treatment; d) the individual results and the arithmetic mean, each to an accuracy of 0,1; e) whether the result is based on
1) clean dry mass, 2) clean dry mass with percentage additions for moisture, giving the values of the percentage additions, 3) clean dry mass with percentage additions for moisture and percentage losses of fibrous matter caused by the pre-treatment, giving the values of the percentage additions, 4) clean dry mass with percentage additions for moisture and non-fibrous matter, giving the values of the percentage additions. kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010
ISO 1833-1:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
7Annex A (informative)
Methods for the removal of non-fibrous matter A.1 General The removal of certain types of non-fibrous matter, particularly when more than one substance is present, may demand the exercise of considerable chemical resource, and each material to be treated for removal of its non-fibrous matter should be regarded as an individual problem. The procedures suggested in this annex do not pretend to be complete, and it should not be assumed that those described in this annex will have no effect on the physical and chemical properties of the textile materials concerned. Furthermore, these procedures are only applicable where the non-fibrous substances are known or can be identified with certainty. For the purposes of this annex, dyes are not considered as non-fibrous matter but as an integral part of the textile, and are not, therefore, mentioned. Some prints are made with resin bonded pigments which cannot be regarded as part of the fibre substance. They involve a greater addition of mass to the fibre than dyes and it would be desirable to remove them, but it is rarely if ever possible to do so. Similarly, certain finishes cannot be removed. In the present state of knowledge, quantitative analysis cannot, therefore, be carried out with the degree of accuracy provided for by the test methods described in the different parts of ISO 1833. It may be assumed that Soxhlet extraction under the conditions described in the annex will ensure adequate removal of oils, fat and waxes. With other non-fibrous substances, it is necessary, wherever possible, to check that removal is complete. If the extraction in light petroleum as described in A.5.1 is conducted, it is not necessary to repeat this procedure as required by 8.2. CAUTION — Since certain hazards are associated with reagents and solvents employed in the methods given below, these methods should be used only by persons acquainted with the hazards and the precautions to be taken. A.2 Scope of this annex This annex describes procedures for the removal of certain commonly found types of non-fibrous substances from fibres. Fibres to which the procedures are applicable and those to which they are not applicable are listed in Table A.1, in relation to the non-fibrous substances to be removed. The names of these fibres are defined in ISO 2076 or ISO 6938. Identification of the non-fibrous matter and of the fibres present is not covered by this annex. In certain cases, the elimination of all the added matter is impracticable. The quantity remaining should not effect the quantitative analysis; on the other hand, it is essential to minimize the chemical degradation of the fibres. A.3 Principle Where possible, remove non-fibrous matter by a suitable solvent. NOTE In many cases, the removal of certain finishes involves their chemical modification. In addition, chemical degradation of the fibre substance cannot always be avoided. kSIST FprEN ISO 1833-1:2010
ISO 1833-1:2006(E) 8
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved A.4 Apparatus The apparatus re
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