SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014
(Main)Space engineering - Human factors engineering
Space engineering - Human factors engineering
EN 16603-10-11 forms part of the System engineering branch of the Engineering area of the ECSS system. As such it is intended to assist in the consistent application of human factors engineering to space products by specifying normative provisions for methods, data and models to the problem of ensuring crew safety, well being, best performance, and problem avoidance in space system and payload operations. This Standard ECSS-E-ST-10-11 belongs to the human factors discipline, as identified in ECSS-E-ST-10, and defines the human factors engineering and ergonomics requirements applicable to elements and processes. This Standard is applicable to all flight and ground segments for the integration of the human in the loop for space system (this includes hardware and software or a combination of the two) products. When viewed in a specific project context, the requirements defined in this Standard should be tailored to match the genuine requirements of a particular profile and circumstances of a project. This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristics and constraints of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00.
Raumfahrttechnik - Technik der Humanfaktoren
Ingéniérie spatiale - Ingénierie des facteurs humains
Vesoljska tehnika - Načrtovanje človeških dejavnikov
Standard EN 16603-10-11 tvori del veje sistemskega načrtovanja področja načrtovanja sistema ECSS (evropsko sodelovanje za standardizacijo na področju vesolja). Kot tak je namenjen pomoči pri skladni uporabi načrtovanja človeških dejavnikov pri vesoljskih izdelkih z opredelitvijo normativnih določb za metode, podatke in modele za težavo zagotavljanja varnosti posadke, dobrega počutja, čim boljše učinkovitosti ter izogibanja težavam v vesoljskem sistemu in obremenitvenih operacijah. Ta standard ECSS-E-ST-10-11 je del discipline človeških dejavnikov, kot je opredeljeno v standardu ECSS-E-ST-10, ter določa načrtovanje človeških dejavnikov ter ergonomične zahteve, ki se uporabljajo za elemente in procese. Ta standard se uporablja za vse dele med letenjem in na tleh za vključitev človeka v zanko za proizvode vesoljskega sistema (sem spadata strojna in programska oprema ali kombinacija obeh). Ko se obravnavajo v okviru posebnega projekta, naj bi se zahteve iz tega standarda prilagodile tako, da se ujemajo z izvirnimi zahtevami posameznega profila in okoliščin projekta. Ta standard se lahko prilagodi posameznim lastnostim in omejitvam vesoljskega projekta v skladu s standardom ECSS-S-ST-00.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Raumfahrttechnik - Technik der HumanfaktorenSpace engineering - Human factors engineering49.140Vesoljski sistemi in operacijeSpace systems and operations03.100.30Vodenje ljudiManagement of human resourcesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16603-10-11:2014SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014en,fr,de01-september-2014SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16603-10-11
July 2014 ICS 49.140
English version
Space engineering - Human factors engineering
Ingéniérie spatiale - Ingénierie des facteurs humains
Raumfahrttechnik - Technik der Humanfaktoren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 December 2013.
CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 16603-10-11:2014 E SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014
EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 2 Table of contents Foreword . 5 Introduction . 6 1 Scope . 8 2 Normative references . 9 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 10 3.1 Terms from other standards . 10 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard . 10 3.3 Abbreviated terms. 12 4 Requirements . 13 4.1 Overview . 13 4.2 Key HFE parameters for human-machine systems . 13 4.2.1 General . 13 4.2.2 Context of use . 16 4.3 HFE role and mission context . 16 4.3.1 General . 16 4.3.2 HFE role . 16 4.3.3 Operations nomenclature . 16 4.3.4 Users manual . 17 4.3.5 Training approach . 17 4.3.6 Mission phases . 18 4.3.7 Identification of requirements . 18 4.4 Human centred design requirements . 18 4.4.1 General . 18 4.4.2 Planning the human-centred design process. 19 4.4.3 Human-centred design activities . 19 4.5 Human reference characteristics . 21 4.5.1 Anthropometry and biomechanics . 21 4.5.2 Electronic mannequin . 21 4.5.3 Physical performance and fatigue . 21 SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014
EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 3 4.5.4 Cognitive performance and fatigue . 21 4.6 HFE requirements. 22 4.6.1 General . 22 4.6.2 Requirements process . 22 4.6.3 Safety. 23 4.6.4 Hardware ergonomics . 23 4.6.5 Environmental ergonomics . 23 4.6.6 Cognitive ergonomics . 24 4.6.7 Operations design ergonomics . 24 4.7 Crew systems . 24 4.7.1 Overview . 24 4.7.2 Habitable environments . 25 4.7.3 Labels and cues . 25 4.7.4 Architecture complements . 25 4.7.5 Components and provisions for crew stations . 26 4.7.6 Work stations . 27 4.7.7 Off duty stations . 27 4.7.8 Physical maintenance stations . 28 4.7.9 Medical facilities and provisions . 28 4.7.10 Extra vehicular/planetary activity requirements and supports . 28 4.8 Informatics support . 29 4.9 Operation products . 29 4.9.1 Procedures . 29 4.9.2 Cue cards . 30 4.9.3 Timeline . 30 4.9.4 Displays . 30 4.9.5 Training requirements . 31 4.10 Continuous assessment instruments . 31 4.10.1 Continuous assessment process . 31 4.10.2 Events . 34 4.10.3 Tools . 35 4.11 Verification methods requirements . 37 4.11.1 Overview . 37 4.11.2 Analysis and similarity . 37 4.11.3 Ground HFE test . 38 4.11.4 System simulations . 39 Annex A (normative) HCD process plan - DRD . 40 SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014
EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 4 A.1 DRD identification . 40 A.1.1 Requirement identification and source document . 40 A.1.2 Purpose and objective . 40 A.2 Expected response . 40 A.2.1 Scope and content . 40 A.2.2 Special remarks . 41 Annex B (normative) HFE analysis and simulation report - DRD . 43 B.1 DRD identification . 43 B.1.1 Requirement identification and source document . 43 B.1.2 Purpose and objective . 43 B.2 Expected response . 43 B.2.1 Scope and content . 43 B.2.2 Special remarks . 45 Annex C (normative) HFE continuous assessment process report - DRD . 46 C.1 DRD identification . 46 C.1.1 Requirement identification and source document . 46 C.1.2 Purpose and objective . 46 C.2 Expected response . 46 C.2.1 Scope and content . 46 C.2.2 Special remarks . 48 Annex D (normative) HFE test report - DRD . 49 D.1 DRD identification . 49 D.1.1 Requirement identification and source document . 49 D.1.2 Purpose and objective . 49 D.2 Expected response . 49 D.2.1 Scope and content . 49 D.2.2 Special remarks . 50 Annex E (informative) Related ISO and other European standards . 51 Bibliography . 55
Tables Table 4-1: Overview of human factors principle and techniques . 33
SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014
EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 16603-10-11:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/CLC/TC 5 “Space”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This standard (EN 16603-10-11:2014) originates from ECSS-E-ST-10-11C. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been developed to cover specifically space systems and has therefore precedence over any EN covering the same scope but with a wider domain of applicability (e.g. : aerospace). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.”
SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014
EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 6 Introduction This Standard defines requirements for the integration of the human in the loop for space system products. Thus it provides all requirements to be applied when the presence of the human is planned on-board, or for the nominal or non-nominal interaction of the human with the system, subsystem or equipment to be designed (e.g. a ground based human-computer interface). This Standard identifies requirements for the equipment for implementing a proper manned system that takes into consideration efficiency, effectiveness and wellbeing of the on-board crew, and ground based operators of human-in-the-loop systems. This Standard also identifies the verification methods and related methodologies to be used to confirm compliance to the above mentioned requirements. This Standard is applicable to both the flight and the ground segment of the space system and refers to the maximum extent possible to already existing HFE non-space domain standards, deviating only when the specific application environment dictates it. The application of human factors (that in the space domain includes ergonomics) to systems design enhances effectiveness and efficiency, improves human working conditions, and diminishes possible adverse effects of use on human health, safety and performance. Applying ergonomics to the design of systems involves taking account of human capabilities, skills, limitations and needs. A space system design will consider human factors and especially the two following main aspects from the very beginning of the conceptual phase. Firstly the human being will be correctly taken into account in the design of the hardware, software and operations products and secondly the corresponding organisation and training will be addressed in parallel to the design of the hardware and software.
This standard provides: • a set of requirements for a human centred design process applied to a space system compatible with the ISO Standard 13407:1999 - Human-centred design processes for interactive systems. A planned accompanying Handbook will provide: • a tailoring guide of the existing standard - ISO STD 17399:2003 previously known as NASA STD 3000 “Space systems - Man-systems integration”. A key issue of the human centred design approach is the involvement of the stakeholders from the beginning and continuously throughout the project. Benefits of a human centred design include increased productivity, enhanced SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014
EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 7 quality of work, reductions in support and training costs, and improved user satisfaction. This approach aims to help those responsible for managing hardware and software design processes as well as planning for operations to identify and plan effective and timely human-centred design activities. It complements existing design approaches and methods. NOTE
The customer’s total cost of ownership will be dramatically reduced if HFE practices are well integrated into all project phases, from the very beginning. SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014
EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 8 1 Scope
This Standard forms part of the System engineering branch of the Engineering area of the ECSS system. As such it is intended to assist in the consistent application of human factors engineering to space products by specifying normative provisions for methods, data and models to the problem of ensuring crew safety, well being, best performance, and problem avoidance in space system and payload operations. This Standard ECSS-E-ST-10-11 belongs to the human factors discipline, as identified in ECSS-E-ST-10, and defines the human factors engineering and ergonomics requirements applicable to elements and processes.
This Standard is applicable to all flight and ground segments for the integration of the human in the loop for space system (this includes hardware and software or a combination of the two) products. When viewed in a specific project context, the requirements defined in this Standard should be tailored to match the genuine requirements of a particular profile and circumstances of a project. This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristics and constraints of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00. SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014
EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 9 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this ECSS Standard. For dated references subsequent amendments to, or revisions of any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this ECSS Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN reference Reference in text Title EN 16601-00-01 ECSS-S-ST-00-01 ECSS system — Glossary of terms EN 16603-10-06 ECSS-E-ST-10-06 Space engineering – Technical specification EN 16603-34 ECSS-E-ST-34 Space engineering – Environmental control and life support (ECLS) EN 16603-70 ECSS-E-ST-70 Space engineering – Ground systems and operations SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014
EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 10 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms from other standards For the purpose of this Standard, the terms and definitions from ECSS-S-ST-00-01 apply, in particular for the following terms: operation procedure stakeholder 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard 3.2.1 context of use users, tasks, equipment (hardware, software, operations products), and physical, social and organisational environment in which a product is used 3.2.2 crew an organised group of users on-board a spacecraft or on a planetary surface mission 3.2.3 crew station an area or volume where the crew operates 3.2.4 crew systems hardware, software and operations products used to enable space systems to be safely, efficiently and effectively used by the crew 3.2.5 effectiveness extent to which planned activities are realized and planned results achieved also considering accuracy and completeness with which users achieve specified goals 3.2.6 efficiency relationship between the result achieved and the resources used where the human resource is the primary one to be considered SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014
EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 11 3.2.7 human-machine system system composed by hardware, software and operations products which include human in the loop NOTE
For example: • this includes the simple tool up to the complete -International Space Station (ISS), passing through a human-robot system; • the system can also be multi machine or an organization that interface with a group of people. 3.2.8 human centred design approach to human-machine system design and development that focuses, beyond the other technical aims, on making systems usable 3.2.9 operation activities and measures to enable, maintain, or both, the intended use of the system, payload, or both NOTE
For example: • a group of tasks, • flight or scientific payloads operations. 3.2.10 operations nomenclature consistent mission terminology and symbology across all items that the users interact with 3.2.11 procedure set of instructions available to the users for system and payload execution that describe the specific sequence of operations to be performed by the users to logically, safely, and efficiently accomplish nominal and off nominal tasks during the mission 3.2.12 stakeholder any entity (individual or organisation) with a legitimate interest in the system NOTE
For example: managers, users, hardware and software developers, HFE practitioners, operations engineers, curriculum developers and training instructors. 3.2.13 synoptic display display for providing monitoring and command capabilities to users 3.2.14 task set of activities that are assigned for a particular actor (human or machine) to perform a specific operation SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014
EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 12 3.2.15 user human who has a role in the operation of the system NOTE
For example: crew and flight controllers. 3.3 Abbreviated terms For the purpose of this Standard, the abbreviated terms from ECSS-S-ST-00-01 and the following apply: Abbreviation Meaning CSR crew station review
DHM digital human model HCD human centred design HFE human factors engineering HMI human machine interface NOTE: In the context of HFE, MMI (man-machine interface) and HCI (human-computer interaction/interaction) are synonyms to HMI NBF neutral buoyancy facility
PF parabolic flight TA task analysis VE virtual environment SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014
EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 13 4 Requirements 4.1 Overview Requirements defined in this standard are specific to human factors engineering applied to the design and development of human machine systems for space applications. Furthermore this standard defines the high level requirements for these hardware, software and operation products that are specifically required by the presence of the crew on board. They include requirements aimed at reaching the best efficiency and effectiveness of system that foresee the interaction with the human being.
This document is organised in three different parts namely: • Process requirements: 4.2 to 4.4 clauses are dedicated to process requirements applicable to all space related products – where there are users • Requirement applicable to flight parts (applicable because are related to the crew and or to other “space related operators”): 4.5 is dedicated to human characteristics 4.6 is dedicated to general HFE domain requirements
4.7 to 4.9 are dedicated to the identified crew related systems (crew system, HMI and operations products).
• Assessment and verification requirements: 4.10 and 4.11 clauses are dedicated to assessments and verifications for related HFE requirements, especially the process requirements mentioned in 4.2 to 4.4. 4.2 Key HFE parameters for human-machine systems 4.2.1 General 4.2.1.1 Characterization a. The HFE parameters listed in 4.2.1.2 to 4.2.1.6 shall be characterised during design, development and assessment of space projects that includes presence of humans in the loop. SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014
EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 14 4.2.1.2 HFE Interrelated parameters a. The following key HFE interrelated parameters shall be characterized in defining a human-machine system: 1. Users populations, 2. Operations or tasks, 3. Organisational environments, 4. Physical and psycho-physiological environments. 4.2.1.3 User populations a. A user population for the different roles to be played in the human-machine system shall be defined. b. The characteristics of the intended user population shall be defined in terms of: 1. Knowledge, 2. Skill, 3. Experience, 4. Education, 5. Psycho-Physical attributes, 6. Habits, 7. Preference and capabilities (including different nationality etc.), and 8. Level of Certification. 4.2.1.4 Task a. The characteristics of a task of the human-machine system shall be characterised in terms of: 1. Objectives, 2. Availability of Resources, 3. Human functions, 4. Type (e.g. in case of tasks: cognitive, physical, automated … e.g. in case of operations: autonomous, maintenance, guided, proximity),
5. Complexity (e.g. when fast reaction are needed, multiple users are involved, uncertainties may occur, collaboration with autonomous or semi-autonomous systems),
6. Mission or life criticality, and 7. Plans and Schedules. 4.2.1.5
Organisational environment a. Organisational environment shall be characterised in establishing the users’ roles within the system. SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014
EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 15 b. The organisational environment shall include: 1. users roles, 2. crew size and compositions, and 3. share of control between users. 4.2.1.6 Physical and psycho-physiological environments a. Physical environment shall be characterised in terms of: 1. Gravity, 2. Illumination, ambient light and colours, 3. Radiation (of cosmic origin and manmade sources), 4. Contamination (e.g. trace-gasses, microbiological, and particles), 5. “Comfort box” (temperature and humidity), 6. Air composition, ventilation and pressure, 7. Noise, 8. Vibration, 9. Acceleration, 10. Day-Night cycle, and 11. Environmental Hazard (e.g. electromagnetic fields, sharp corners). b. The following space related items that can impact on the psycho-physiological state of the users shall be characterised: 1. Habitable volumes and confined environment, 2. Privacy and personal items, 3. Aesthetics, colours and local “1-g” orientation, 4. Mission type and duration, 5. Communications capabilities (private medical conferences; family contacts voice, television programs or movies), 6. Distance from Earth, 7. Autonomy and control policies, 8. Safe haven or emergency escape system, 9. Food and diet, 10. Leisure, 11. Crew size and composition, 12. Medical and psychological supervision, 13. Social monotony, 14. Sensory deprivation, and 15. Sleep and circadian rhythm. SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014
EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 16 4.2.2 Context of use a. Context of use analysis shall be performed
b. Existing reports on previous systems and missions (if available) shall be used. c. The context of use shall be defined in terms of: 1. Tasks that the users have to perform, 2. Overall goal of the system, and 3. Implication on health and safety. d. The set of potential exceptions and anomalies shall be identified. 4.3 HFE role and mission context 4.3.1 General a. The HFE practices shall be applied from the beginning of the project in the design of all systems and their related missions, during all system mission phases when human beings are involved. 4.3.2 HFE role
a. Throughout the project the HFE shall: 1. be responsible for establishing and updating of the users’ roles, 2. be responsible for the definition, maintenance and verification of system human related requirements, 3. support and approve establishing and updating of users manuals, operations nomenclature and procedures, 4. support and approve definition, design, development and assessment of the required Crew Systems, 5. support and approve definition, design, development and assessment of the required Human Computer Interface software, 6. support and approve definition, design, development and assessment of the required Training Materials. 4.3.3 Operations nomenclature a. The operations nomenclature shall be univocally defined not later than phase B of the program in cooperation with the engineering development and kept under configuration control.
b. Operations nomenclature shall assign operationally relevant terminology to hardware, HMI and database items.
SIST EN 16603-10-11:2014
EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 17 4.3.4 Users manual a. The user manual shall provide all the design and operational information for the space segment that is used by the ground segment and the operations team to prepare for and implement mission operations. b. The user manual shall be developed in parallel with the development of the project; starting from PDR. c. The user manual shall follow project review cycles, and be kept under configuration control. d. The user manual shall include the description of all interfaces, operating modes and their constraints, telemetry, resources, and associated procedu
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