oSIST prEN 17124:2020

Hydrogen fuel - Product specification and quality assurance - Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications for road vehicles

This document specifies the quality characteristics of hydrogen fuel dispensed at hydrogen refuelling stations for use in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell road vehicle systems, and the corresponding quality assurance considerations for ensuring uniformity of the hydrogen fuel.

Wasserstoff als Kraftstoff - Produktfestlegung und Qualitätssicherung - Protonenaustauschmembran (PEM) - Brennstoffzellenanwendungen für Straßenfahrzeuge

Carburant hydrogène - Spécification de produit et assurance qualité - Applications des piles à combustible à membrane à échange de protons (MEP) pour les véhicules routiers

Le présent document spécifie les caractéristiques de qualité du carburant hydrogène distribué dans les stations de remplissage d'hydrogène et destiné aux systèmes de véhicules routiers à piles à combustible à membrane à échange de protons (MEP), ainsi que les considérations relatives à l'assurance qualité correspondante afin d'assurer l'uniformité du carburant hydrogène.

Vodik kot gorivo - Specifikacija izdelka in zagotavljanje kakovosti - Gorivne celice z membrano za protonsko izmenjavo (PEM) za cestna vozila

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 01-Dec-2020
• ICS: 27.075 - Hydrogen technologies
• ICS: 43.060.40 - Fuel systems
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: TLP - Pressure vessels
• Current Stage: 4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 06-Oct-2020
• Due Date: 23-Feb-2021
• Completion Date: 23-Dec-2020
• Directive: 2014/94/EU - Directive 2014/94/EU of The European Parliament and of The Council of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure
• Mandate: M/533 - [C(2015)1330] Standardisation request addressed to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI in support of the implementation of the Directive 2014/94/EU on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure
• Ref Project: prEN 17124 - Hydrogen fuel — Product specification and quality assurance for hydrogen refuelling points dispensing gaseous hydrogen — Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications for vehicles

RELATIONS

• Revised: SIST EN 17124:2018 - Hydrogen fuel - Product specification and quality assurance - Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications for road vehicles
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2020
• Revised: SIST ISO 14687-2:2021 - Hydrogen fuel - Product specification - Part 2: Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications for road vehicles
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2021

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17124:2020
01-november-2020

Vodik kot gorivo - Specifikacija izdelka in zagotavljanje kakovosti - Gorivne celice

z membrano za protonsko izmenjavo (PEM) za cestna vozila
Hydrogen fuel - Product specification and quality assurance - Proton exchange
membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications for road vehicles
Wasserstoff als Kraftstoff - Produktfestlegung und Qualitätssicherung -
Protonenaustauschmembran (PEM) - Brennstoffzellenanwendungen für
Straßenfahrzeuge

Carburant hydrogène - Spécification de produit et assurance qualité - Applications des

piles à combustible à membrane à échange de protons (MEP) pour les véhicules routiers

Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17124
ICS:
27.075 Tehnologija vodika Hydrogen technologies
43.060.40 Sistemi za gorivo Fuel systems
oSIST prEN 17124:2020 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 17124:2020
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17124
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2020
ICS 27.075; 75.160.20 Will supersede EN 17124:2018
English Version
Hydrogen fuel - Product specification and quality
assurance - Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell
applications for road vehicles

Carburant hydrogène - Spécification de produit et Wasserstoff als Kraftstoff - Produktfestlegung und

assurance qualité - Applications des piles à Qualitätssicherung - Protonenaustauschmembran

combustible à membrane à échange de protons (MEP) (PEM) - Brennstoffzellenanwendungen für

pour les véhicules routiers Straßenfahrzeuge

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 268.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17124:2020 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... 4

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 5

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 5

4 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................... 6

5 Hydrogen Quality Assurance Methodology ........................................................................................... 7

5.1 General Requirements – Potential sources of impurities ................................................................ 7

5.2 Prescriptive Approach for Hydrogen Quality Assurance ................................................................. 8

5.3 Risk Assessment for Hydrogen and Quality Assurance .................................................................... 8

5.4 Impact of impurities on fuel cell power train ..................................................................................... 10

6 Hydrogen Quality Control Approaches ................................................................................................. 12

6.1 General requirements ................................................................................................................................. 12

6.2 Spot sampling ................................................................................................................................................. 12

6.3 Monitoring ....................................................................................................................................................... 12

7 Routine Quality Control .............................................................................................................................. 12

8 Non-routine Quality Control ..................................................................................................................... 12

9 Non compliances ........................................................................................................................................... 13

Annex A (informative) Impact of impurities .................................................................................................... 14

A.1 General .............................................................................................................................................................. 14

A.2 Inert Gases: Argon, Nitrogen ..................................................................................................................... 14

A.3 Oxygen............................................................................................................................................................... 14

A.4 Carbon Dioxide .............................................................................................................................................. 14

A.5 Carbon Monoxide .......................................................................................................................................... 14

A.6 Methane ............................................................................................................................................................ 15

A.7 Water ................................................................................................................................................................. 15

A.8 Total sulphur compounds .......................................................................................................................... 15

A.9 Ammonia .......................................................................................................................................................... 15

A.10 Total Hydrocarbons ..................................................................................................................................... 15

A.11 Formaldehyde ................................................................................................................................................ 16

A.12 Formic Acid ..................................................................................................................................................... 16

A.13 Halogenated Compounds ........................................................................................................................... 16

A.14 Helium ............................................................................................................................................................... 16

A.15 Solid and liquid particulates (Aerosols) ............................................................................................... 16

Annex B (informative) Example of Supply chain evaluation with regards to potential sources

of impurities ................................................................................................................................................... 18

B.1 Potential Sources of Impurities ............................................................................................................... 18

B.2 Production ....................................................................................................................................................... 18

B.2.1 General .............................................................................................................................................................. 18

B.2.2 Reforming ........................................................................................................................................................ 18

B.2.3 Alkaline Electrolysis .................................................................................................................................... 19

B.2.4 Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis ............................................................................... 19

B.2.5 Byproducts ...................................................................................................................................................... 19

B.2.6 New production methods ........................................................................................................................... 20

B.3 Transportation .............................................................................................................................................. 20

B.3.1 General .............................................................................................................................................................. 20

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B.3.2 Pipeline ............................................................................................................................................................ 20

B.3.3 Filling centre and tube trailer .................................................................................................................. 20

B.4 HRS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21

B.5 Special operations: Commissioning, Maintenance ........................................................................... 21

B.6 Particles ........................................................................................................................................................... 22

Annex C (informative) Example of Risk Assessment — Centralized production, pipeline

transportation ............................................................................................................................................... 23

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 31

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European foreword

This document (prEN 17124:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 268 “Cryogenic

vessels and specific hydrogen technologies applications”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.

This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 17124:2018.

This document has been prepared under Mandate M/533 given to CEN by the European Commission and

the European Free Trade Association.
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1 Scope

This document specifies the quality characteristics of hydrogen fuel dispensed at hydrogen refuelling

stations for use in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell road vehicle systems, and the

corresponding quality assurance considerations for ensuring uniformity of the hydrogen fuel.

2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
constituent
component (or compound) found within a hydrogen fuel mixture
3.2
contaminant

impurity that adversely affects the components within the fuel cell system or the hydrogen storage

system
Note 1 to entry: An adverse effect can be reversible or irreversible.
3.3
detection limit

lowest quantity of a substance that can be distinguished from the absence of that substance with a stated

confidence limit
3.4
determination limit
lowest quantity which can be measured at a given acceptable level of uncertainty
3.5
fuel cell system

power system used for the generation of electricity on a fuel cell vehicle, typically containing the following

subsystems: fuel cell stack, air processing, fuel processing, thermal management and water management

3.6
hydrogen fuel index
fraction or percentage of a fuel mixture that is hydrogen
3.7
irreversible effect

effect which results in a permanent degradation of the fuel cell power system performance that cannot

be restored by practical changes of operational conditions and/or gas composition

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3.8
on-site fuel supply

hydrogen fuel supplying system with a hydrogen production system in the same site

3.9
off-site fuel supply

hydrogen fuel supplying system without a hydrogen production system in the same site, receiving

hydrogen fuel which is produced out of the site
3.10
particulate

solid or liquid particle (aerosol) that can be entrained somewhere in the delivery, storage, or transfer of

the hydrogen fuel
3.11
reversible effect

effect which results in a non-permanent degradation of the fuel cell power system performance that can

be restored by practical changes of operational conditions and/or gas composition

4 Requirements

The fuel quality requirements at the dispenser nozzle applicable to the aforementioned grades of

hydrogen fuel for PEM fuel cells in road vehicles shall meet the requirements of Table 1. The fuel

specifications are not process or feedstock specific. Non-listed contaminants have no guarantee of being

benign.

The fuel quality requirements at the dispenser nozzle shall meet the requirements of Table 1.

NOTE The fuel specification is not process or feedstock specific. Non-listed contaminants have no guarantee of

being benign.
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Table 1 — Fuel quality specifications for PEM fuel cell road vehicle applications

Constituent Characteristics
a 99,97 %
Hydrogen fuel index (minimum mole fraction)
Total non-hydrogen gases 300 μmol/mol
Maximum concentration of individual contaminants
Water (H O) 5 μmol/mol
b 2 μmol/mol
Total hydrocarbons (THC) (Excluding Methane)
Methane (CH ) 100 µmol/mol
Oxygen (O ) 5 μmol/mol
Helium (He) 300 μmol/mol
Nitrogen (N ) 300 μmol/mol
Argon (Ar) 300 μmol/mol
Carbon dioxide (CO ) 2 μmol/mol
c 0,2 μmol/mol
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Total sulphur compounds (H S basis) 0,004 μmol/mol
c 0,2 μmol/mol
Formaldehyde (HCHO)
c 0,2 μmol/mol
Formic acid (HCOOH)
Ammonia (NH ) 0,1 μmol/mol
d 0,05 μmol/mol
Halogenated compounds (Halogenate ion basis)
Maximum particulates concentration 1 mg/kg

For the constituents that are additive, such as total hydrocarbons and total sulphur

compounds, the sum of the constituents shall be less than or equal to the acceptable limit.

The hydrogen fuel index is determined by substracting the “total non-hydrogen gases” in this

table, expressed in mole percent, from 100 mol percent.

Total hydrocarbons include oxygenated organic species. Total hydrocarbons shall be measured

on a carbon basis (μmolC/mol).
Total of CO, HCHO, HCOOH shall not exceed 0,2 µmol/mol

All halogenated compounds which could potentially be in the hydrogen gas (for example,

hydrogen chloride (HCl), and organic halides (R-X)) should be determined according to the hydrogen

quality assurance discussed in Clause 6 and the sum shall be less than 0,05 µmol /mol).

5 Hydrogen Quality Assurance Methodology
5.1 General Requirements – Potential sources of impurities

A quality assurance plan for the entire supply chain shall be created to ensure that the hydrogen quality

will meet the requirements listed in Clause 4. The methodology used to develop the quality assurance

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plan can vary but shall include one of the two approaches described in this document. The general

description of these two approaches are described in 5.2 and 5.3.

For a given HRS, the contaminants listed in the hydrogen specification referred to Table 1 could be

present. There are several parts of the supply chain where impurities can be introduced. Annex B

describes potential impurities at each step of the supply chain.

When a contaminant is classified as potentially present, it shall be taken into account in the Quality

Assurance methodology (risk assessment or prescriptive approach) described below.

5.2 Prescriptive Approach for Hydrogen Quality Assurance

A prescriptive approach can be applied for clearly identified supply chains. The prescriptive approach is

not defined in this document.
5.3 Risk Assessment for Hydrogen and Quality Assurance

Risk assessment consists of identifying the probability of having each impurity above the threshold

values of specifications given in Table 1 and evaluating the severity of each impurity for the fuel cell car.

As an aid to clearly defining the risk(s) for risk assessment purposes, three fundamental questions are

often helpful:

— What might go wrong: which event could cause the impurities to be above the threshold value?

— What is the likelihood (probability of occurrence) that impurities could be above the threshold value?

— What are the consequences (severity) for the fuel cell car?

In doing an effective risk assessment, the robustness of the data set is important because it determines

the quality of the output. Revealing assumptions and reasonable sources of uncertainty will enhance

confidence in this output and/or help identify its limitations. The output of the risk assessment is a

qualitative description of a range of risk. The probability of an occurrence, in which each hydrogen

impurity exceeds the threshold value, is defined by the following table of occurrence classes:

Table 2 — Occurrence classes for an impurity
Occurrence Class name Occurrence or frequency Occurrence or frequency
class a
(example)
Very unlikely Contaminant above threshold never
0 (Practically been observed for this source / 1 per 10 000 000 refueling
impossible) supply chain / station
Known to occur at least once for
1 Unlikely 1 per 1 000 000 refueling
this source/ Supply chain/ station
Has happened once a year for this
2 Possible 1 per 100 000 refueling
source/ Supply chain/ station
Has happened more than once a
3 Likely year for this source/supply chain/ 1 out of 10 000 refueling
station
Happens on a regular basis for this
4 Very likely More than 1 out of 1 000 refueling
source/supply chain/ station
Based on a refueling station supplying 100 000 refuelings per year.
The range of severity class (level of damage for vehicle) is defined in Table 3.
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Table 3 — Severity classes for an impurity
Severity FCEV Performance impact or damage Impact categories
class
Performance Hardware Hardware
impact impact impact
temporary permanent
— No impact
0 No No No
— Minor impact
1 Yes No No
— Temporary loss of power
— No impact on hardware
— Car still operates
— Reversible damage
2 Yes or No Yes No
— Requires specific light maintenance
procedure
— Car still operates
— Reversible damage
3 Yes Yes No
— Requires specific immediate
maintenance procedure . Gradual
power loss that does not compromise
safety
— Irreversible damage
a Yes Yes Yes or No
— Requires major repair (e.g. stack
change)
— Power loss or Car Stop that
compromises safety

Any damage, whether permanent ornon-permanent, which compromises safety will be categorized as 4,

otherwise non-permanent damage will be categorized as 1, 2 or 3.

The final risk is defined by Table 4, titled “Acceptability table”, and which combines results from Tables 2

and 3.
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Table 4 — Acceptability table
Severity
0 1 2 3 4
Occurrence as
the combined
probabilities of 3
occurrence
along the
whole supply
chain
Further investigations are
needed to ensure the risks as
Acceptable risk area Unacceptable risk ;
low as reasonably
Key Existing controls additional control or barriers
practicable: existing barriers
acceptable are required
or control might not be
enough

For each impurity of the specification and for a given HRS (including the supply chain of hydrogen), a risk

assessment shall be applied to define the global risk. Risk control includes decision making to reduce

and/or accept risks. The purpose of risk control is to reduce the risk to an acceptable level. The amount

of effort used for risk control should be proportional to the significance of the risk. Decision makers might

use different processes, including a benefit-cost analysis, for understanding the optimal level of risk

control. Risk control might focus on the following questions:
— Is the risk above an acceptable level?
— What can be done to reduce or eliminate risks?
— What is the appropriate balance among benefits, risks and resources?

For each level of risk, decision shall be taken in order to either refuse the risk and then find mitigation or

barriers to reduce it, or accept the risk level as it is. Risk reduction focuses on processes for mitigation or

avoidance of quality risks when it exceeds an acceptable level (yellow or red zone in Table 5). Risk

reduction might include actions taken to mitigate the severity and/or probability of occurrence.

In the yellow zone, the risk could be acceptable but redesign or other changes should be considered if

reasonably practicable. Further investigation should be performed to give better estimate of the risk.

When assessing the need of remedial actions, the number of events of this risk level should be taken into

consideration in order to be As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).
An example of such approach is given in Annex C.
5.4 Impact of impurities on fuel cell power train

The severity level of each impurity shall be determined. Indeed, the impact on the car if each impurity

exceeds the threshold values given in Table 1 will depend on the concentration of the contaminant. The

following Table 5 shows the summary of the concentration based impact of the impurities on the fuel cell.

In the first two columns the contaminants with their chemical formulas are given. An estimate of the

exceeded concentration above the threshold value for each impurity is named “Level 1” and is given in

column 5. According to this concentration, a severity class is given in column 4 for each impurity. This

severity class covers the impact of this impurity above the threshold value up to this limit.

If higher concentrations that exceed Level 1 can be reached, the Severity Class is given in column 6.

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Table 5 — Severity Classes (SC) — Impact of impurities on fuel cell powertrain
Impurity Threshold SC for impurity Level 1 SC for impurity
Value [ppm] concentration Value concentration greater
from threshold than Level 1
(Table 1) [ppm]
to level 1 where
applicable
Total non-H gases 300 b UD 4
2 1–4
Nitrogen N , 300 b UD 4
2 1–4
Argon Ar 300 b UD 4
1–4
Oxygen O 5 b UD 4
2 1–4
Carbon dioxide CO 2 1 3 4
Carbon monoxide CO 0,2 b 1 4
2–3
Methane CH 100 1 300 4
Water H O 5 4 NA 4
Total sulphur H S basis 0,004 4 NA 4
compounds
Ammonia NH 0,1 4 NA 4
Total CH basis 2 b NA 4
4 1–4
hydrocarbons
Formaldehyde CH O 0,2 b 1 4
2 2–3
Formic Acid CH O 0,2 b 1 4
2 2 2–3
Total carbon Σ CO, 0,2 2–3 1 4
monoxide, CH O,
formaldehyde and
CH O
2 2
formic acid
Halogenated 0,05 4 NA 4
compounds
Helium He 300 b UD 4
1–4
Maximum 1 mg/kg 4 NA 4
particulates
concentration
(liquid and solid)
UD Undetermined value.
NA Not applicable
Threshold value according to the requirements in the hydrogen specification.

Higher value to be considered for risk assessment approach until more specific data are available.

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6 Hydrogen Quality Control Approaches
6.1 General requirements

Quality verification may be performed at the dispenser nozzle or at other location in accordance with the

quality assurance risk assessment.

There are two kinds of quality control at a Hydrogen Refueling Stations (HRS): on line monitoring or off

line analysis after spot sampling.

These methods shall be used individually or together to ensure hydrogen quality levels.

6.2 Spot sampling

Spot sampling at an HRS involves capturing a measured amount for chemical analysis. Sampling is used

to perform an accurate and comprehensive analysis of impurities, which is done externally, typically at a

laboratory. Since the sampling process involves drawing a gas sample of gas, it is typically done on a

periodic basis and requires specialized sampling equipment and personnel to operate it.

The sampling procedure shall ensure and maintain the integrity of the sample.

NOTE ISO 19880-1 and ISO 21087:2019 include recommendations for sampling procedure.

6.3 Monitoring

An HRS can have real time monitoring of the hydrogen gas stream for one or more impurities on a

continuous or semi-continuous basis. A critical impurity can be monitored to ensure it does not exceed a

critical level, or monitoring of canary species are used to alert of potential issues with the hydrogen

production or purification process.

When used, monitoring equipment is installed in-line with the hydrogen gas stream and shall meet the

process requirements of the HRS, as well as be calibrated on a periodic basis.
7 Routine Quality Control

Routine analysis shall be performed on a periodic basis once every specified time period or once for each

lot or batch if a quality certificate is not available. The methodology selected in hydrogen quality

assurance plan determines the type and frequency of the routine analysis. A prescriptive methodology

may be used as described in 5.2 or a risk assessment methodology may be used as described in 5.3.

Information on the routine analysis for each step of the supply chain is provided in Annex B.

8 Non-routine Quality Control

The hydrogen quality plan shall identify any non-routine conditions and subsequent required actions.

Some common non-routine conditions include but are not limited to the following:

— a new production system is constructed at a production site or a new HRS is first commissioned;

— the production system at a production site or HRS is modified;

— a routine or non-routine open inspection, repair, catalyst exchange, or the like is performed on a

production system at the production site or HRS;

— a question concerning quality is raised when, for example, there is a problem with a vehicle because

of hydrogen supplied at the production site or HRS, and a claim is received from a user directly or

indirectly;
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— an issue concerning quality emerges when, for example, a voluntary audit raises the possibility that

quality control is not administered properly;
— analysis necessary for testing, research or any other purposes;

— after any severe malfunctions of transportation system of compressed hydrogen, liquid hydrogen

and hydrogen pipeline.
9 Non compliances

In case of quality control showing results not compliant with Table 1, appropriate action shall be taken

by the operator to prevent further out of specification H refuelling of the vehicles.

...