SC 22H - Uninterruptible power systems (UPS)

IEC 62040-3:2021 establishes the performance and test requirements applied to movable, stationary and fixed electronic uninterruptible power systems (UPS) that
- are supplied from AC voltage not exceeding 1 000 V,
- deliver AC output voltage not exceeding 1 000 V,
- incorporate an energy storage device not exceeding 1 500 V DC, and
- have a primary function to ensure continuity of load power.
This document specifies performance and test requirements of a complete UPS and, where applicable, of individual UPS functional units. This document also includes UPS performance and test requirements related to UPS switches that interact with UPS functional units to maintain continuity of load power.
This document does not cover
- conventional AC and DC distribution boards and their associated switches,
- stand-alone static transfer systems covered by IEC 62310-3,
- rotary UPS covered by IEC 88528-11, and
- DC UPS covered by IEC 62040-5-3.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
1) environmental conditions aligned with IEC 62040-1:2017 (UPS safety requirements);
2) compliance requirements included in all sub-clauses referenced in Table 5 UPS test schedule;
3) non-linear step load is no longer a type test and was removed from 6.4 in consistency with requirements for switch mode power supplies incorporating inrush current controls; this resulted in the performance classification coding being shortened from 8 to 7 characters (see 5.3.4);
4) free-fall test aligned with ISO 4180 (see 6.5.1.3);
5) multiple normal mode UPS test requirements introduced;
6) non-linear load requirements relaxed in Annex E in consistency with requirements for switch mode power supplies complying with the applicable limits for harmonic current in IEC 61000-3-2 and IEC 61000-3-12;
7) minimum UPS efficiency values referenced in Annex I became normative and are based on active output power rating and utilisation of weighting factors rather than on allowances related to isolation transformers, input harmonic current filters and input voltages.

IEC 62040-1:2017 applies to movable, stationary, fixed or built-in UPS for use in low-voltage distribution systems and that are intended to be installed in an area accessible by an ordinary person or in a restricted access area as applicable, that deliver fixed frequency AC output voltage with port voltages not exceeding 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V DC and that include an energy storage device. It applies to pluggable and to permanently connected UPS, whether consisting of a system of interconnected units or of independent units, subject to installing, operating and maintaining the UPS in the manner prescribed by the manufacturer.
This document specifies requirements to ensure safety for the ordinary person who comes into contact with the UPS and, where specifically stated, for the skilled person. The objective is to reduce risks of fire, electric shock, thermal, energy and mechanical hazards during use and operation and, where specifically stated, during service and maintenance.
This product standard is harmonized with the applicable parts of group safety publication IEC 62477-1:2012 for power electronic converter systems and contains additional requirements relevant to UPS.
This edition includes the following significant technical change with respect to the previous edition: the reference document has been changed from IEC 60950-1:2005 (safety for IT equipment) to IEC 62477-1 (group safety standard for power electronic converters).
The contents of the corrigendum of October 2019 have been included in this copy.

IEC 62040-2:2016 is a type test product standard for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and applies to movable, stationary, fixed or built-in, pluggable and permanently connected UPS for use in low-voltage distribution systems with an environment being either residential, commercial, light industrial or industrial, which deliver output voltage with port voltages not exceeding 1 500 V DC or 1 000 V AC and which include an energy storage device. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the inclusion of network port limits in Table 1, Table 2 and Annex C for the sake of consistency with other standards;
b) a change of quasi-peak limit for category C3 UPS in Table 2 for the sake of consistency with other standards;
c) a clarification in Table 4 about the performance criteria for immunity tests;
d) a revision of some test configurations in Annex A.
The contents of the Interpretation sheet 1 of June 2018 have been included in this copy.

IEC 62040-5-3:2016 establishes the performance and test requirements applied to movable, stationary and fixed electronic DC uninterruptible power systems (DC UPS) that
- are supplied from an AC voltage source not exceeding 1 000 V,
- deliver a DC output voltage not exceeding 1 500 V,
- incorporate an energy storage device, and
- have a primary function to ensure continuity of DC power to loads. This document specifies performance and test requirements of a complete DC UPS and not of individual DC UPS functional units.

IEC 62040-4:2013 specifies the process and requirements to declare the environmental aspects concerning uninterruptible power systems (UPS), with the goal of promoting reduction of any adverse environmental impact during a complete UPS life cycle. This product standard is harmonized with the applicable generic and horizontal environmental standards and contains additional details relevant to UPS. This standard applies to movable, stationary and fixed UPS that deliver single or three-phase fixed frequency a.c. output voltage not exceeding 1 000 V a.c. and that present, generally through a d.c. link, an energy storage system and specified in IEC 62040 product standards for UPS.

IEC 62040-1:2008 applies to uninterruptible power systems (UPS) with an electrical energy storage device in the d.c. link. It is used with IEC 60950-1, which is referred to in this standard as "RD" (reference document). It is applicable to UPS which are movable, stationary, fixed or for building-in, for use in low-voltage distribution systems and intended to be installed in any operator accessible area or in restricted access locations as applicable. It specifies requirements to ensure safety for the operator and layman who may come into contact with the equipment and, where specifically stated, for the service person. It cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 62040-1-1, published in 2004 and IEC 62040-1-2, published in 2004 and constitutes a technical revision. This standard merges all requirements of previous IEC 62040-1-1 and IEC 62040-1-2, with the addition of the following:
- update of normative references including IEC 60950-1 as Reference Document (RD);
- harmonization and alignment with current world recognized best practices;
- enhancement of backfeed protection, definition of ground-fault, revision of temperature rise tables and of hydrogen concentration in battery compartments. The contents of the corrigendum of September 2008 have been included in this copy.

IEC 62040-3:2011 applies to movable, stationary and fixed electronic uninterruptible power systems (UPS) that deliver single or three phase fixed frequency a.c. output voltage not exceeding 1 000 V a.c. and that incorporate an energy storage system, generally connected through a d.c. link. This standard is intended to specify performance and test requirements of a complete UPS and not of individual UPS functional units. The individual UPS functional units are dealt with in IEC publications referred to in the bibliography that apply so far that they are not in contradiction with this standard. The primary function of the UPS covered by this standard is to ensure continuity of an a.c. power source. The UPS may also serve to improve the quality of the power source by keeping it within specified characteristics. UPS have been developed over a wide range of power, from less than hundred watts to several megawatts, to meet requirements for availability and quality of power to a variety of loads. Refer to Annexes A and B for information on typical UPS configurations and topologies. This standard also covers UPS test and performance when power switches form integral part of a UPS and are associated with its output. Included are interrupters, bypass switches, isolating switches, and tie switches. These switches interact with other functional units of the UPS to maintain continuity of load power. This standard does not cover:
- conventional a.c. input and output distribution boards or d.c. boards and their associated switches (e.g. switches for batteries, rectifier output or inverter input);
- stand-alone static transfer systems covered by IEC 62310-3;
- systems wherein the output voltage is derived from a rotating machine.
NOTE 1 This standard recognises that power availability to information technology (IT) equipment represents a major UPS application. The UPS output characteristics specified in this standard are therefore also aimed at ensuring compatibility with the requirements of IT equipment. This, subject any limitation stated in the manufacturer's declaration, includes requirements for steady state and transient voltage variation as well as for the supply of both linear and non-linear load characteristics of IT equipment.
NOTE 2 Test loads specified in this standard simulate both linear and non-linear load characteristics. Their use is prescribed with the objective of verifying design and performance, as declared by the manufacturer, and also of minimising any complexity and energy consumption during the tests.
NOTE 3 This standard is aimed at 50 Hz and 60 Hz applications but does not exclude other frequency applications within the domain of IEC 60196. This is subject to an agreement between manufacturer and purchase in respect to any particular requirements arising.
NOTE 4 Single phase and three-phase voltage UPS covered by this standard include without limitation UPS supplying single-phase, two-wire; single-phase, three-wire; two-phase, three-wire, three-phase, three-wire and three-phase, four-wire loads.
This second edition cancels and replaces first edition published in 1999 and constitutes a technical revision. The significant technical changes are:
- reference test load - definition and application revised (3.3.5 and 6.1.1.3);
- test schedule - presented as a single table grouped by revised type and routine tests (see 6.1.6, Table 3);
- dynamic output voltage performance characteristics - guidance to measure - addition (Annex H);
- UPS efficiency - requirements and methods of measure - addition (Annexes I and J);
- functional availability - guidance for UPS reliability integrity level classification - addition (Annex K).

IEC 62310-3:2008 applies to stand-alone operating a.c. static transfer systems (STS) intended to ensure the continuity of load supply through controlled transfer, with or without interruption of power, from two or more independent a.c. sources. It includes information for the overall integration of the STS and its accessories into the a.c. power network and includes requirements for the switching elements, their control and protective elements, where applicable. It concerns general and safety requirements.

applies to free standing operation a.c. static transfer systems (STS) intended to ensure the continuity of load supply through controlled transfer, with or without interruption of power, from two or more independent a.c. sources.includes requirements for the switching elements, their control and protective elements, where applicable. The IEC 62310 series also includes information for the overall integration of the STS and its accessories into the a.c. power network. it applies to systems up to 1 000 V a.c. which are intended to be used in single-phase, phase-phase or three-phase applications

is intended as a product standard allowing the EMC conformity assessment of products of categories C1, C2 and C3 as defined in this part of IEC 62040, before placing them on the market.The requirements have been selected so as to ensure an adequate level of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) for UPS at public and industrial locations.

applies to free standing a.c. static transfer systems (STS) intended to ensure the continuity of power to load by automatically or manually controlled transfer, with or without interruption, from two or several a.c. independent sources. includes requirements for the switching elements, their control and protective elements, where applicable. This part of IEC 62310 also includes information for the overall integration of the STS and its accessories into the a.c. power distribution system

Applies to electronic direct a.c. converter systems with electrical energy storage means in the d.c. link. Ensures continuity of an alternating power source. Also includes the method of specifying all power switches that form integral parts of a UPS and are associated with its output. Included are interrupters, bypass switches, isolating switches, load transfer switches and tie switches. does not refer to cnventional mains distirbution boards, rectifier input switches or d.c. switches or UPS based on rotating machines. Defines a complete uninterruptible power system in terms of its performance and not individual UPS functional units. The contents of the corrigendum of July 2003 have been included in this copy.

Applies to single UPS units or UPS systems comprising a number of interconnected UPS and associated control/switchgear forming a single power system, intended to be installed in any operator accessible area or in separated electrical locations, connected to either industrial or public low voltage supply networks. Takes precedence over all aspects of the generic standards, and no additional testing is necessary. Takes into account differing test conditions necessary to encompass the range of physical sizes and power ratings of UPS. A UPS unit or system shall meet the relevant requirements of this standard as a stand-alone product. Special installation environments are not covered, nor are fault conditions of UPS taken into account. This standard does not cover d.c. supplied electronic ballast (IEC 60924 and IEC 60925) or UPS based on rotating machines. States EMC requirements, test methods, minimum performance levels.

applies to electronic uninterruptible power systems (UPS) with an electrical energy storage device in the d.c. link. It is to be used with IEC 60950-1 which is referred to in this standard as "RD".

applies to electronic uninterruptible power systems (UPS) with an electrical energy storage device in the d.c. link. It is to be used with IEC 60950-1 which is referred to in this standard as "RD".