ASTM C71-08

Standard Terminology Relating to Refractories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This terminology ensures that terms peculiar to refractories are adequately defined so that other standards in which such terms are used can be understood and interpreted properly.  
This terminology is useful to those who are not conversant with the terms related to refractories. However, it is also a ready reference for those directly associated with refractories to resolve differences and ensure commonality of usage, particularly in the preparation of ASTM standards.  
Although this terminology is intended to promote uniformity in the usage of terms related to refractories, it can never be complete because new terms are constantly arising. The existence of this terminology does not preclude the use or misuse of any term in another context.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms particularly related to refractories and encompasses raw materials, manufacture, finished products, applications, and testing procedures.  
1.2 When any of the definitions in this terminology are quoted or published out of context, editorially insert the limiting phrase “in refractories” after the dash following the term to properly limit the field of application of the term and definition.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2008
• ICS: 01.040.81 - Glass and ceramics industries (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.92 - The Joseph E. Kopanda Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology and Classification

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C71-07 - Standard Terminology Relating to Refractories
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM C71-12 - Standard Terminology Relating to Refractories
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2012
• Referred By: ASTM C1547-02(2022) - Standard Classification for Fusion-Cast Refractory Blocks and Shapes
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C24-09(2022) - Standard Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1685-15(2021) - Standard Specification for Pneumatically Applied High-Temperature Fiber Thermal Insulation for Industrial Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C892-19 - Standard Specification for High-Temperature Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1656-13(2023) - Standard Guide for Measuring the Reactivity of Hydraulic Refractory Castables Using Exothermic Profile
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1445-13(2018) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Consistency of Castable Refractory Using a Flow Table
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E1602-03(2017) - Standard Guide for Construction of Solid Fuel Burning Masonry Heaters
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1548-02(2020) - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio of Refractory Materials by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C455-07(2022) - Standard Classification of Chrome, Chrome-Magnesia, Magnesia-Chrome, and Magnesia Brick
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C71–08
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C71; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ready reference for those directly associated with refractories
to resolve differences and ensure commonality of usage,
1.1 This terminology covers terms particularly related to
particularly in the preparation of ASTM standards.
refractories and encompasses raw materials, manufacture,
3.3 Although this terminology is intended to promote uni-
finished products, applications, and testing procedures.
formity in the usage of terms related to refractories, it can
1.2 When any of the definitions in this terminology are
never be complete because new terms are constantly arising.
quoted or published out of context, editorially insert the
The existence of this terminology does not preclude the use or
limiting phrase “in refractories” after the dash following the
misuse of any term in another context.
term to properly limit the field of application of the term and
definition.
4. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents 4.1 Definitions:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
abrasion of refractories, n—wearing away of refractory
C24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of
surfaces by the scouring action of moving solids.
Fireclay and High Alumina Refractory Materials
acid refractories, n— see refractories, acid.
C181 Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and
alumina-chromia brick, n—a refractory brick, which may be
High-Alumina Plastic Refractories
burned or unburned, manufactured predominantly of a mix-
C401 Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate
ture of a high-alumina raw material and chromic oxide
Castable Refractories
(Cr O ), with the alumina (Al O ) content being 50 % or
2 3 2 3
C416 Classification of Silica Refractory Brick
greater by weight and with chromic oxide (Cr O ) predomi-
2 3
C456 TestMethodforHydrationResistanceofBasicBricks
nating by weight among the other constituent oxides.
and Shapes
angle of repose, n—the acute angle measured from the
C492 Test Method for Hydration of Granular Dead-Burned
horizontal to the slope of a cone-shaped pile of free-flowing
Refractory Dolomite
material.
C860 Practice for Determining the Consistency of Refrac-
anthracite-coal-base carbon refractory, n—see carbon refrac-
tory Castable Using the Ball-In-Hand Test
tory, anthracite-coal-base.
C909 Practice for Dimensions of a Modular Series of
basic refractories, n— see refractories, basic.
Refractory Brick and Shapes
bat, v—to reject or discard a brick or shape.
binder, n—a substance added to a granular material to give it
3. Significance and Use
workability and green or dry strength.
3.1 This terminology ensures that terms peculiar to refrac-
bloating of refractories, v—substantial swelling produced by
tories are adequately defined so that other standards in which
a heat treatment that causes the formation of a vesicular
such terms are used can be understood and interpreted prop-
structure.
erly.
bond fireclay, n—see fireclay, plastic or bond.
3.2 This terminology is useful to those who are not conver-
burn, v—the heat treatment to which refractory materials are
sant with the terms related to refractories. However, it is also a
subjected in the firing process.
burning (firing) of refractories, v—the final heat treatment in
1
a kiln to which refractory brick and shapes are subjected in
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.92 The Joseph E.
the process of manufacture for the purpose of developing
Kopanda Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology and Classification
bond and other necessary physical and chemical properties.
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally
calcine, calcines, n—refractory material, often fireclay, that
approved in 1927. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C71 – 07. DOI:
10.1520/C0071-08. has been heated to eliminate volatile constituents and to
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
produce desired physical changes.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
calcined refractory dolomite, n—see dolomite, calcined re-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
fractory.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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C71–08
calcining of refractory materials, v—t
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C 71–07 Designation: C 71 – 08
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Refractories
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC71;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers terms particularly related to refractories and encompasses raw materials, manufacture, finished
products, applications, and testing procedures.
1.2 When any of the definitions in this terminology are quoted or published out of context, editorially insert the limiting phrase
“in refractories” after the dash following the term to properly limit the field of application of the term and definition.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High Alumina Refractory Materials
C 181 Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic Refractories
C 401 Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories
C 416 Classification of Silica Refractory Brick
C 456 Test Method for Hydration Resistance of Basic Bricks and Shapes
C 492 Test Method for Hydration of Granular Dead-Burned Refractory Dolomite
C 860 Practice for Determining the Consistency of Refractory Castable Using the Ball-In-Hand Test
C 909 Practice for Dimensions of a Modular Series of Refractory Brick and Shapes
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This terminology ensures that terms peculiar to refractories are adequately defined so that other standards in which such
terms are used can be understood and interpreted properly.
3.2 This terminology is useful to those who are not conversant with the terms related to refractories. However, it is also a ready
reference for those directly associated with refractories to resolve differences and ensure commonality of usage, particularly in the
preparation of ASTM standards.
3.3 Although this terminology is intended to promote uniformity in the usage of terms related to refractories, it can never be
complete because new terms are constantly arising. The existence of this terminology does not preclude the use or misuse of any
term in another context.
4. Terminology
4.1 Definitions:
abrasion of refractories, n—wearing away of refractory surfaces by the scouring action of moving solids.
acid refractories, n— see refractories, acid.
alumina-chromia brick, n—a refractory brick, which may be burned or unburned, manufactured predominantly of a mixture of
a high-alumina raw material and chromic oxide (Cr O ), with the alumina (Al O ) content being 50 % or greater by weight and
2 3 2 3
with chromic oxide (Cr O ) predominating by weight among the other constituent oxides.
2 3
angle of repose, n—the acute angle measured from the horizontal to the slope of a cone-shaped pile of free-flowing material.
anthracite-coal-base carbon refractory , n—see carbon refractory, anthracite-coal-base.
basic refractories, n— see refractories, basic.
bat, v—to reject or discard a brick or shape.
binder, n—a substance added to a granular material to give it workability and green or dry strength.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.92 The Joseph E. Kopanda
Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology and Classification
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2007. Published December 2007. Originally approved in 1927. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C71–01a.
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally approved in 1927. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 71 – 07.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C71–08
bloating of refractories, v—substantial swelling produced by a heat treatment that causes the formation of a vesicular structure.
bond fireclay, n— see fireclay, plastic or bond.
burn, v—the heat treatment to which refractory materials are subjected in the firing process.
burning (firing) of refractories, v— the final heat treatment in a kiln to which refractory brick a
...