ASTM D5287-97(2002)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Gaseous Fuels
Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Gaseous Fuels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice should be used when and where a representative sample is required. A representative sample is necessary for accurate billing in custody transfer transactions.
This practice is not intended to preempt existing contract agreements.
Principles pertinent to this practice may be applied in most contractual agreements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the collection of natural gases and their synthetic equivalents using an automatic sampler.
1.2 This practice applies only to single-phase gas mixtures that vary in composition. A representative sample cannot be obtained from a two-phase stream.
1.3 This practice includes the selection, installation, and maintenance of automatic sampling systems.
1.4 This practice does not include the actual analysis of the acquired sample. Other applicable ASTM standards, such as Test Method D 1945, should be referenced to acquire that information.
1.5 The selection of the sampling system is dependent on several interrelated factors. These factors include source dynamics, operating conditions, cleanliness of the source gases, potential presence of moisture and hydrocarbon liquids, and trace hazardous components. For clean, dry gas sources, steady source dynamics, and normal operating conditions, the system can be very simple. As the source dynamics become more complex and the potential for liquids increases, or trace hazardous components become present, the complexity of the system selected and its controlling logic must be increased. Similarly, installation, operation, and maintenance procedures must take these dynamics into account.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5287–97 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Practice for
Automatic Sampling of Gaseous Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5287; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 Other Standards:
AGA Report Number 7 Measurement of Gas by Turbine
1.1 This practice covers the collection of natural gases and
Meters
their synthetic equivalents using an automatic sampler.
API 14.3 Part 2 (AGA Report Number 3)
1.2 This practice applies only to single-phase gas mixtures
GPA Standard 2166 Methods of Obtaining Natural Gas
that vary in composition. A representative sample cannot be
Samples for Analysis by Gas Chromatography
obtained from a two-phase stream.
NACE Standard MR-01-75 Standard Material Require-
1.3 This practice includes the selection, installation, and
ments. Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistant-Metallic Materi-
maintenance of automatic sampling systems.
als for Oilfield Equipment
1.4 This practice does not include the actual analysis of the
2.3 Federal Documents:
acquired sample. Other applicable ASTM standards, such as
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, 173, 34(e), p. 389
Test Method D 1945, should be referenced to acquire that
information.
3. Terminology
1.5 The selection of the sampling system is dependent on
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
several interrelated factors. These factors include source dy-
3.1.1 automaticsampler—(seeFig.1(a)and(b))amechani-
namics, operating conditions, cleanliness of the source gases,
cal system, composed of a sample probe, sample loop, sample
potential presence of moisture and hydrocarbon liquids, and
extractor, sample vessel, and the necessary logic circuits to
trace hazardous components. For clean, dry gas sources, steady
control the system throughout a period of time, the purpose of
source dynamics, and normal operating conditions, the system
which is to compile representative samples in such a way that
can be very simple. As the source dynamics become more
the final collection is representative of the composition of the
complex and the potential for liquids increases, or trace
gas stream.
hazardous components become present, the complexity of the
3.1.2 representative sample—a volume of gas that has been
system selected and its controlling logic must be increased.
obtained in such a way that the composition of this volume is
Similarly, installation, operation, and maintenance procedures
the same as the composition of the gas stream from which it
must take these dynamics into account.
was taken.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.3 retrograde condensation—the formation of liquid
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
phase by pressure drop at constant temperature on a dew-point
information only.
gas stream.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 sample extractor—a device to remove the sample
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
from the sample loop and put it into the sample vessel.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.5 sample loop—the valve, tubing, or manifold(s), or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
combination thereof, used for conducting the gas stream from
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the probe to the sampling device and back to the source pipe
2. Referenced Documents (or atmosphere).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Available from American Gas Association, 400 N. Capitol St. N.W., Washing-
D 1945 Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas
2 ton, DC 20001.
Chromatography
Available from the American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Available from Gas Processors Assn, 6526 E. 60th St., Tulsa, OK 74145.
1 6
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D03 on Gaseous AvailablefromNationalAssociationofCorrosionEngineers,1440SouthCreek
Fuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.01 on Collection and Dr., Houston, TX 77084.
Measurement of Gaseous Samples. Available from Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office,
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published May 2003. Originally Washington, DC 20402.
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 5287 – 97 (2002). Bergman, D. F., Tek, M. R., and Katz, D. L., Retrograde Condensation in
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.06. Natural Gas Pipelines, American Gas Association, Arlington, VA, 1975.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5287–97 (2002)
FIG. 1 Continuous Composite Samplers
3.1.6 sample probe—that portion of the sample loop at- 6. Sample Probe (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3)
tached to and extending into the pipe containing the gas to be
6.1 The sample probe should be mounted vertically in a
sampled.
horizontal run.
3.1.7 sample vessel—the container in which the sample is
6.2 The sample probe should penetrate into the center one
collected, stored, and transported to the analytical equipment.
third of the pipeline.
3.1.8 source dynamics—changes in gas supplies, operating
6.3 The sample probe should not be located within the
pressures, temperatures, flow rate, and other factors that may
defined meter-tube region. (See API 14.3, Part 2, Paragraph
affect composition or state, or both.
2.5.1).
4. Significance and Use
6.4 The sample probe should be constructed of stainless
steel.
4.1 This practice should be used when and where a repre-
sentative sample is required.Arepresentative sample is neces-
sary for accurate billing in custody transfer transactions.
4.2 This practice is not intended to preempt existing con-
tract agreements.
4.3 Principles pertinent to this practice may be applied in
most contractual agreements.
5. Material Selection
5.1 The sampling system should be constructed of materials
that will not corrode as a result of ambient conditions.
5.2 The selected material should be inert to all expected
components of the gas stream.
5.3 If sour gas (gas that contains hydrogen sulfide and
carbon dioxide) is suspected, NACE standard MR-01-75
should be adhered to. FIG. 2 Acceptable Probe Types and Installations
D5287–97 (2002)
7.3 The supply line shall slope from the probe up to the
sampler. All traps caused by low points shall be avoided.
7.4 The return line should slope down from the sampler to
a connection of lower pressure on the pipeline.
7.5 The supply line should be as short as possible, with a
minimum number of bends.
7.6 The sample loop should be insulated or heat traced, or
both, if ambient temperature conditions could cause conden-
sation of the gas flowing through the loop.
7.7 Filters or strainers that could cause the sample to be
biased are not allowed in the sample loop.
7.8 Flow through the sample loop should be verified.
8. Automatic Sampler (see Fig. 1(a) and (b))
8.1 Installation—The sampler shall be mounted higher than
the sample probe. It should be as close to the sample probe as
conditions allow. Manufacturer’s specific instructions should
be referenced.
8.2 Maintenance—The sampler should be designed for easy
field maintenance. A preventative maintenance schedule as
outlined by the manufacturer should be followed.
8.3 Verification—The sampling personnel should be able to
verify that the sample vessel was filled as planned. This can be
accomplished by several methods.
8.3.1 Chart Recorder—(see Fig. 5) This should be con-
FIG. 3 Probe Locations
6.5 The sample probe should be a minimum of five pipe
diameters from any device that could cause aerosols or
significant pressure drop.
7. Sample Loop (see Fig. 4)
7.1 Allvalvesshouldbestraightbore,fullopening,stainless
steel valves.
7.2 The sample loop should be ⁄4-in. (6.25-mm) or less
outside diameter stainless steel tubing.
FIG. 4 Schematics of Acceptable Sample Loops FIG. 5 Chart Recorder
D5287–97 (2002)
nected to the sample vessel to indicate and record the increase 9.2.3 One atmosphere (98 kPa) of sample gas is normally in
in pressure as the sample extractor adds increments to the the sample vessel at the start of the sampling cycle. To reduce
sample vessel. This only applies to the fixed volume vessels. the impact of that initial volume, at least ten additional
8.3.2 Verification of Sample Extractor’s Output—Numerous volumes should be collected in the sample period. If the
composition of the initial volume is known and can be
devices are available to check the output of the sample pump.
The device’s output may be a contact closure, a 4 to 20 mA mathematically extracted from the sample analysis, this would
not apply.
signal, a power pulse, or any other type that can be recorded.
This applies to all vessel types.
9.3 Vessel Installation—All vessels should be installed in a
8.3.3 Pressure Transducer—Like the chart record
...
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