ASTM D4844-16
(Guide)Standard Guide for Air Monitoring at Waste Management Facilities for Worker Protection
Standard Guide for Air Monitoring at Waste Management Facilities for Worker Protection
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The techniques of air monitoring are many and varied. This guide is intended to describe standard approaches that are used in designing an air monitoring program to protect waste management site workers.
5.2 When entering a remedial action site to initiate an investigation or a cleanup operation, operating personnel may be faced with fire, explosion, and acute or chronic health hazards. A robust safety and health program, including site-specific injury and illness prevention program (IIPP) and a safety and health plan, must be in place to direct worker activity. Details for such plans can be found in the OSHA Interim Final Rule for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response and Refs (1, 2).8 Air monitoring is an integral part of such a program. This guide describes equipment and sampling procedures which can be used to evaluate the airborne hazard potential so as to gain and maintain a safe work environment at the site.
5.3 Upon obtaining air quality measurements at the site, a decision must be made as to whether conditions are under control and safe or not. That decision will depend on the nature and concentrations of the contaminants (toxicity, reactivity, volatility, etc.), the spatial extent (area affected, number of workers, etc.) of the contaminants, and the level of worker protection available and needed. Since all such parameters are typically site specific, this guide does not include air quality measurement based guidance on decision making.
5.4 This guide does not include monitoring sites containing radioactive materials, nor does it cover general safety aspects, such as access to emergency equipment or medical support for emergency needs. These items should be covered in a work place safety and health plan.
5.5 Ideally, this guide is used in combination with Guide D4687.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized approach for establishing and carrying out an air monitoring program to protect workers at waste management facilities. This guide may apply to routine operations at an active treatment, storage, or disposal site or the extraordinary conditions that can be encountered in opening and cleaning up a remedial action site.
1.2 The user shall understand that it is impossible to predict all the issues that could arise at a waste management facility due to hazardous airborne emissions. Although air contaminant measurements obtained in accordance with this guide may indicate acceptable or tolerable levels of toxic agents are present, care and judgment must still be exercised before concluding that all atmospheric contaminants at the site are under control and that a reasonable safe work environment exists.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4844 − 16
Standard Guide for
Air Monitoring at Waste Management Facilities for Worker
1
Protection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4844; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3249 Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Proce-
dures
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized ap-
D3269 Test Methods for Analysis for Fluoride Content of
proach for establishing and carrying out an air monitoring
the Atmosphere and Plant Tissues (Manual Procedures)
program to protect workers at waste management facilities.
3
(Withdrawn 2010)
This guide may apply to routine operations at an active
D3413 Test Method for Lead (Inorganic) in Workplace
treatment, storage, or disposal site or the extraordinary condi-
Atmospheres by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (With-
tions that can be encountered in opening and cleaning up a
3
remedial action site.
drawn 1989)
D3449 Test Method for Sulfur Dioxide in WorkplaceAtmo-
1.2 The user shall understand that it is impossible to predict
3
spheres (Barium Perchlorate Method) (Withdrawn 1989)
all the issues that could arise at a waste management facility
D3476 Test Method for bis (Chloromethyl) Ether (bis CME)
due to hazardous airborne emissions.Although air contaminant
in Workplace Atmospheres (Gas Chromatography-Mass
measurements obtained in accordance with this guide may
3
Spectrometry (Withdrawn 1989)
indicate acceptable or tolerable levels of toxic agents are
present, care and judgment must still be exercised before D3614 Guide for Laboratories Engaged in Sampling and
concluding that all atmospheric contaminants at the site are Analysis of Atmospheres and Emissions
under control and that a reasonable safe work environment
D3686 Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Or-
exists.
ganic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Ad-
sorption Method)
2. Referenced Documents
D3687 Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Method
Atmospheres
D3824 Test Methods for Continuous Measurement of Ox-
D1605 Practices for Sampling Atmospheres for Analysis of
idesofNitrogenintheAmbientorWorkplaceAtmosphere
3
Gases and Vapors (Withdrawn 1992)
by the Chemiluminescent Method
D2820 Test Method for C Through C Hydrocarbons in the
D4185 Practice for Measurement of Metals in Workplace
3
Atmosphere by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 1993)
Atmospheres by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectropho-
D2913 Test Method for Mercaptan Content of the Atmo-
tometry
sphere
D4240 Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentration in
D3162 Test Method for Carbon Monoxide in the Atmo- 3
Workplace Atmosphere (Withdrawn 1995)
sphere (Continuous Measurement by Nondispersive Infra-
D4323 Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in theAtmosphere
red Spectrometry)
by Rate of Change of Reflectance
D4490 Practice for Measuring the Concentration of Toxic
Gases or Vapors Using Detector Tubes
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality
D4532 Test Method for Respirable Dust in Workplace At-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on WorkplaceAir Quality.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originally mospheres Using Cyclone Samplers
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4844 – 03(2009).
D4599 Practice for Measuring the Concentration of Toxic
DOI: 10.1520/D4844-16.
Gases or Vapors Using Length-of-Stain Dosimeters
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM D4600 Test Method for Determination of Benzene-Soluble
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Particulate Matter in Workplace Atmospheres
the ASTM website.
3 D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4844 − 16
D6561 Test Method for Determination of Aerosol Mono- 3.2.2 remedial action site—a remedial action site is a
mericandOligomericHexamethyleneDiisocyanate(HDl) location or facility that m
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4844 − 03 (Reapproved 2009) D4844 − 16
Standard Guide for
Air Monitoring at Waste Management Facilities for Worker
1
Protection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4844; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized approach for establishing and carrying out an air monitoring program to
protect workers at waste management facilities. This guide may apply to routine operations at an active treatment, storage, or
disposal site or the extraordinary conditions that can be encountered in opening and cleaning up a remedial action site.
1.2 Any user of this guide must The user shall understand that it is impossible to predict all the difficultiesissues that could
developarise at a waste management facility due to hazardous airborne emissions. Although air contaminant measurements
obtained in accordance with this guide may indicate acceptable or tolerable levels of toxic agents are present, care and judgment
must still be exercised before concluding that all atmospheric contaminants at the site are under control.control and that a
reasonable safe work environment exists.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
3
D1605 Recommended Practices for Sampling Atmospheres for Analysis of Gases and Vapors (Withdrawn 1992)
3
D2820 Test Method for C Through C Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 1993)
D2913 Test Method for Mercaptan Content of the Atmosphere
D3162 Test Method for Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere (Continuous Measurement by Nondispersive Infrared Spectrom-
etry)
D3249 Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Procedures
D3269 Test Methods for Analysis for Fluoride Content of the Atmosphere and Plant Tissues (Manual Procedures) (Withdrawn
3
2010)
3
D3413 Test Method for Lead (Inorganic) in Workplace Atmospheres by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (Withdrawn 1989)
3
D3449 Test Method for Sulfur Dioxide in Workplace Atmospheres (Barium Perchlorate Method) (Withdrawn 1989)
D3476 Test Method for bis (Chloromethyl) Ether (bis CME) in Workplace Atmospheres (Gas Chromatography-Mass
3
Spectrometry (Withdrawn 1989)
D3614 Guide for Laboratories Engaged in Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres and Emissions
D3686 Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)
D3687 Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method
D3824 Test Methods for Continuous Measurement of Oxides of Nitrogen in the Ambient or Workplace Atmosphere by the
Chemiluminescent Method
D4185 Practice for Measurement of Metals in Workplace Atmospheres by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
3
D4240 Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentration in Workplace Atmosphere (Withdrawn 1995)
D4323 Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in the Atmosphere by Rate of Change of Reflectance
D4490 Practice for Measuring the Concentration of Toxic Gases or Vapors Using Detector Tubes
D4532 Test Method for Respirable Dust in Workplace Atmospheres Using Cyclone Samplers
D4599 Practice for Measuring the Concentration of Toxic Gases or Vapors Using Length-of-Stain Dosimeters
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on Planning for
Sampling.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009Feb. 1, 2016. Published March 2009February 2016. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
D4844D4844 – 03–03.(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D4844-03R09.10.1520/D4844-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4844 − 16
D4600 Test Method for Determination of Benzene-Soluble Particulate Matter in Workplace Atmospheres
D468
...
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