ASTM A644-13
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Iron Castings
Standard Terminology Relating to Iron Castings
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Designation: A644 − 13
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A644; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
ausferrite,n—acastironmatrixmicrostructure,producedbya the amount which can be retained in solid solution in
controlled thermal process, which consists of predominantly austenite at the eutectic temperature.
acicularferriteandhighcarbonaustenite.(See austempered
cementite, n—a very hard and brittle compound of iron and
ductile iron.)
carbon corresponding to the empirical formula Fe C, com-
3
monly known as iron carbide.
austempered ductile iron, n—a ductile cast iron that has been
produced by a controlled thermal process which results in a
cementite, primary, n—cementite precipitated in cast iron
matrix microstructure consisting of predominately acicular
during solidification. Also known as primary carbide. (See
ferrite and high carbon austenite.
cementite.)
austenitize, vt—to convert the matrix of a ferrous alloy to
certification, n—Adocument supplied by the maker or manu-
austenite by heating above the transformation temperature.
facturer of a product which testifies to the factuality or truth
of statements made that the requirements of a product
batch, n—the component raw materials properly weighed,
standard have been met.
proportioned, and mixed for delivery to a processing unit.
Also, the product output from a processing unit in which
chill, n—an object, usually metal, imbedded in a portion of the
there is essentially no product output until all component
mold to accelerate the local rate of heat removal from the
materials are charged and processed.
metal being cast.
brittle fracture, n—fracture that occurs without appreciable chill, v—to accelerate the freezing rate of cast iron, usually in
plastic deformation of the material. a localized region, to refine the graphite structure or cause
formation of primary carbides.
brittle fracture area, n—The fraction or percent of the
chill, microstructural, n—a localized region of primary car-
fracture surface that formed by brittle fracture. (When
bidesinacastingmadefromacastironthatwouldnormally
observed with no or low magnification, brittle fracture
solidify free of primary carbides.
appears whiter and shinier than ductile fracture.)
chilled iron,n—acastironthatwouldnormallysolidifyfreeof
capability index (C ),n—forastableprocess,thespecification
p
primary carbide which is purposely caused to solidify as
range divided by six times the standard deviation.
white cast iron, locally or entirely, by accelerated cooling.
~USL 2 LSL!
C 5
p
compacted graphite iron, n—a cast iron that has been treated
6 3s
in the liquid state so as to cause its graphitic carbon to occur
capability index (C ), n—for a stable process, the smaller of
pk
in the compacted graphite shape in the as-cast condition.
the upper capability index (CPU) or the lower capability
(See graphite, compacted and graphite, spheroidal.)
index (CPL).
compound, n—an intimate mixture of all the ingredients
carbide, primary, n—carbide precipitated in cast iron during
necessary for a finished material or product.
solidification.
compression gasket, n—a gasket designed to be used under
cast iron, n—a generic term for a series of alloys primarily of
compression.
iron, carbon, and silicon in which the carbon is in excess of
compression seal, n—a seal that is attained by a compressive
force on the sealing material.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.91 on Editorial
confidence level,n—theprobability,orexpectedpercentofthe
Matters and Nomenclature.
times, that the selected percent (P%) of the actual popula-
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originally
tion lies within the tolerance interval calculated from the
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A644-09a. DOI:
10.1520/A0644-13. data sample.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A644 − 13
direct reduced iron, n—iron ores that have been reduced to graphite rosette, n—arrangement of graphite flakes in which
essentially metallic iron by heat and reducing agents, but the flakes extend radially from centers of crystallization in
without melting, and processed into suitable shapes (typi- gray cast iron.
cally pellets) for use as a charge mater
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A644 − 09a A644 − 13
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A644; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
ausferrite, n—a cast iron matrix microstructure, produced by a controlled thermal process, which consists of predominantly
acicular ferrite and high carbon austenite. (See austempered ductile iron.)
austempered ductile iron, n—a ductile cast iron that has been produced by a controlled thermal process which results in a matrix
microstructure consisting of predominately acicular ferrite and high carbon austenite.
austenitize, vt—to convert the matrix of a ferrous alloy to austenite by heating above the transformation temperature.
batch, n—the component raw materials properly weighed, proportioned, and mixed for delivery to a processing unit. Also, the
product output from a processing unit in which there is essentially no product output until all component materials are charged
and processed.
brittle fracture, n—fracture that occurs without appreciable plastic deformation of the material.
brittle fracture area, n—The fraction or percent of the fracture surface that formed by brittle fracture. (When observed with no
or low magnification, brittle fracture appears whiter and shinier than ductile fracture.)
capability index (C ),n—for a stable process, the specification range divided by six times the standard deviation.
p
~USL 2 LSL!
C 5
p
63s
capability index (C ),n—for a stable process, the smaller of the upper capability index (CPU) or the lower capability index (CPL).
pk
carbide, primary, n—carbide precipitated in cast iron during solidification.
cast iron, n—a generic term for a series of alloys primarily of iron, carbon, and silicon in which the carbon is in excess of the
amount which can be retained in solid solution in austenite at the eutectic temperature.
cementite, n—a very hard and brittle compound of iron and carbon corresponding to the empirical formula Fe C, commonly
3
known as iron carbide.
cementite, primary, n—cementite precipitated in cast iron during solidification. Also known as primary carbide. (See cementite.)
certification, n—A document supplied by the maker or manufacturer of a product which testifies to the factuality or truth of
statements made that the requirements of a product standard have been met.
chill, n—an object, usually metal, imbedded in a portion of the mold to accelerate the local rate of heat removal from the metal
being cast.
chill, v—to accelerate the freezing rate of cast iron, usually in a localized region, to refine the graphite structure or cause formation
of primary carbides.
chill, microstructural, n—a localized region of primary carbides in a casting made from a cast iron that would normally solidify
free of primary carbides.
chilled iron, n—a cast iron that would normally solidify free of primary carbide which is purposely caused to solidify as white
cast iron, locally or entirely, by accelerated cooling.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.91 on Editorial Matters and
Nomenclature.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009May 1, 2013. Published July 2009May 2013. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as
A644 - 09.A644 - 09a. DOI: 10.1520/A0644-09A.10.1520/A0644-13.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A644 − 13
compacted graphite iron, n—a cast iron that has been treated in the liquid state so as to cause its graphitic carbon to occur in
the compacted graphite shape in the as-cast condition. (See graphite, compacted and graphite, spheroidal.)
compound, n—an intimate mixture of all the ingredients necessary for a finished material or product.
compression gasket, n—a gasket designed to be used under compression.
compression seal, n—a seal that is attained by a compressive force on the sealing material.
confidence level, n—the probability, or expected percent of the times, that the selected percent (P %) of the actual population lies
within the tolerance interval cal
...
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