ASTM D7076-10(2021)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Shives in Retted Flax
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Shives in Retted Flax
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Few standards exist to objectively determine flax quality. Shive is the woody core of the stem and has an important effect on quality determination. Shive content will vary depending on the stage of processing and can determine in what products the fiber can be used. Spectroscopic data provide an accurate, precise and rapid determination of the amount of shive in flax fiber.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples that are as homogeneous as possible are drawn from the material from which the disputed test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. These results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a possibility level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that fiber sample type must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.2 This test method gives data on shive content of retted flax fiber which can be used as a basis for: (1) estimating the net amount of manufacturing fiber obtainable from retted flax fiber; (2) along with other measurements, predicting the quality of flax products, particularly their aesthetic properties; (3) adjusting processing machinery for maximum efficiency in cleaning; and (4) relating shive content to end-product quality and processing efficiency.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shives in retted flax.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Jun-2021
- Technical Committee
- D13 - Textiles
- Drafting Committee
- D13.17 - Bast Fibers and Plants
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2017
- Effective Date
- 15-Sep-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2013
- Effective Date
- 15-Jun-2013
- Effective Date
- 15-Jun-2013
- Effective Date
- 15-May-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2012
- Effective Date
- 15-Jan-2009
- Effective Date
- 15-Jan-2009
Overview
ASTM D7076-10(2021)e1: Standard Test Method for Measurement of Shives in Retted Flax provides a scientifically validated process for accurately determining shive content in retted flax fibers. Shives, the woody core of the flax stem, influence the quality and subsequent usability of flax fibers in various textile and industrial applications. This standard supports quality assurance during processing by offering reliable, objective data on shive content, which is crucial for optimal resource utilization and product development.
Key Topics
- Shive Measurement in Flax: The method details precise procedures for grinding flax samples and using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic analysis to quantify shive content in retted flax.
- Objective Quality Assessment: The test supplies repeatable, objective data, minimizing variability and subjectivity in flax fiber quality determination.
- Statistical Comparison of Results: Clear guidelines are provided for handling differences between lab results, including recommendations for statistical analysis and bias correction.
- Sample Preparation and Testing: The procedure specifies how to homogenize, grind, and prepare flax samples for analysis, ensuring consistency.
- Instrument Calibration and Standardization: The standard guides calibration of NIR instruments using known samples to ensure accurate results across different laboratory settings.
- Reporting and Documentation: Guidance is given on documenting test methods, identifying samples, and detailing all relevant procedures, contributing to transparency and traceability in quality control.
Applications
The ASTM D7076-10(2021)e1 standard is critical for:
- Predicting Flax Fiber Usability: By measuring shive content, producers and end-users can estimate the net quantity of usable manufacturing fiber from retted flax, supporting efficient resource allocation.
- Process Optimization: Shive measurements help manufacturers adjust processing machinery to maximize fiber cleaning and minimize waste, driving improved process efficiency.
- Product Quality Analysis: Data derived from the test are useful for predicting the characteristics and quality of end products, particularly aesthetic properties relevant in the textile and linen industries.
- Ensuring Consistency: Regular application of this test method enables better quality control across production batches, providing confidence in product uniformity for suppliers and customers alike.
- Research and Development: The standard serves as a reference for scientific studies focused on new flax processing methods, product innovation, and comparative research in bast fibers.
Related Standards
Several other standards and terminology documents are referenced or relevant in conjunction with ASTM D7076-10(2021)e1:
- ASTM D123 – Terminology Relating to Textiles: Provides definitions for textile-related terms used throughout the test method.
- ASTM D6798 – Terminology Relating to Flax and Linen: Covers specific terms for the flax and linen sector to ensure accurate communication.
- International Standardization Guidelines: Developed according to World Trade Organization (WTO) Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee principles, ensuring broad international relevance and compatibility.
- NIR Spectroscopy Standards: As the method relies on near-infrared analysis, other ASTM standards related to NIR instrumentation and calibration may also be applicable.
Keywords: ASTM D7076, flax shive measurement, retted flax fiber quality, NIR spectroscopy, flax fiber processing, shive content analysis, flax product quality standards.
This test method is a vital tool for organizations controlling flax fiber quality, optimizing industrial processing, and delivering high-quality flax-based products to the market.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D7076-10(2021)e1 is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Measurement of Shives in Retted Flax". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 Few standards exist to objectively determine flax quality. Shive is the woody core of the stem and has an important effect on quality determination. Shive content will vary depending on the stage of processing and can determine in what products the fiber can be used. Spectroscopic data provide an accurate, precise and rapid determination of the amount of shive in flax fiber. 5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples that are as homogeneous as possible are drawn from the material from which the disputed test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. These results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a possibility level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that fiber sample type must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias. 5.2 This test method gives data on shive content of retted flax fiber which can be used as a basis for: (1) estimating the net amount of manufacturing fiber obtainable from retted flax fiber; (2) along with other measurements, predicting the quality of flax products, particularly their aesthetic properties; (3) adjusting processing machinery for maximum efficiency in cleaning; and (4) relating shive content to end-product quality and processing efficiency. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shives in retted flax. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 Few standards exist to objectively determine flax quality. Shive is the woody core of the stem and has an important effect on quality determination. Shive content will vary depending on the stage of processing and can determine in what products the fiber can be used. Spectroscopic data provide an accurate, precise and rapid determination of the amount of shive in flax fiber. 5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples that are as homogeneous as possible are drawn from the material from which the disputed test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. These results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a possibility level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that fiber sample type must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias. 5.2 This test method gives data on shive content of retted flax fiber which can be used as a basis for: (1) estimating the net amount of manufacturing fiber obtainable from retted flax fiber; (2) along with other measurements, predicting the quality of flax products, particularly their aesthetic properties; (3) adjusting processing machinery for maximum efficiency in cleaning; and (4) relating shive content to end-product quality and processing efficiency. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shives in retted flax. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D7076-10(2021)e1 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 67.200.20 - Oilseeds. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D7076-10(2021)e1 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D6798-02(2018), ASTM D123-17, ASTM D123-15b, ASTM D123-15a, ASTM D123-15, ASTM D6798-02(2013), ASTM D6798-02(2013)e1, ASTM D6798-02(2013)e2, ASTM D123-13a, ASTM D123-13ae1, ASTM D123-13, ASTM D123-12, ASTM D123-12e1, ASTM D123-09e1, ASTM D123-09. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D7076-10(2021)e1 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: D7076 − 10 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Shives in Retted Flax
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7076; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Research report information was added to Section 14 editorially in August 2021.
1. Scope 4.2 For definitions of all other textile terminology, see
Terminology D123.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shives in
retted flax.
5. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
5.1 Few standards exist to objectively determine flax qual-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
ity. Shive is the woody core of the stem and has an important
standard.
effect on quality determination. Shive content will vary de-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pending on the stage of processing and can determine in what
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
products the fiber can be used. Spectroscopic data provide an
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
accurate, precise and rapid determination of the amount of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
shive in flax fiber.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
tween reported test results for two or more laboratories,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
comparativetestsshouldbeperformedbythoselaboratoriesto
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
that are as homogeneous as possible are drawn from the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
material from which the disputed test results were obtained,
and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each labora-
2. Referenced Documents
tory. These results from the two laboratories should be com-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
pared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a possibility
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
levelchosenpriortothetestingseries.Ifabiasisfound,either
D6798Terminology Relating to Flax and Linen
its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for
that fiber sample type must be adjusted in consideration of the
3. Summary of Test Method
known bias.
3.1 The sample to be evaluated is to be ground and the
5.2 This test method gives data on shive content of retted
resulting mixture placed in the appropriate NIR cell and the
spectra taken. flax fiber which can be used as a basis for: (1) estimating the
net amount of manufacturing fiber obtainable from retted flax
3.2 The data will then be compared to a reference file and
fiber;(2)alongwithothermeasurements,predictingthequality
the value of shive reported as weight percent.
of flax products, particularly their aesthetic properties; (3)
adjusting processing machinery for maximum efficiency in
4. Terminology
cleaning; and (4) relating shive content to end-product quality
4.1 For all terminology related to Flax, see Terminology
and processing efficiency.
D6798.
6. Apparatus
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.17 on Bast Fibers and Plants.
6.1 Grinder—SPEX 8000 mixer mill or equivalent instru-
Current edition approved July 1, 2021. Published August 2021. Originally
ment for the initial grinding.
ɛ1
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D7076–10 (2015) .
DOI: 10.1520/D7076-10R21E01.
6.2 NIRSystems Model 6500 Monochrometer or equivalent
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
instrument—Referencespectrascannedovertherange400nm
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
to 2498 nm at 2 nm intervals and stored as log (1/R), where R
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. is reflectance. Standard 50 mm diameter black minicup with a
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D7076 − 10 (2021)
quartz window is used and equipped with a 15 mm i.d. spacer applied to the calibration file.This file becomes the calibration
ring if sample size is limited. forthehostinstrumentandadeterministicmodeldevelopedas
described in 10.1.
7. Hazards
11. Conditioning
7.1 Whenhandlingorgrindinganyflaxmaterialabreathing
11.1 Do not precondition the test sample.
mask should be worn.
11.2 Bring the laboratory sample from prevailing atmo-
8. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
sphere to approximate moisture equilibrium with the air of the
room in which the test will be preformed by exposing the
8.1 For acceptable testing, take a lot sample from shipping
sample at least 12 h.
container as directed in an applicable specification, or as
agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.
12. Procedure
8.2 Take measurements at a minimum of five sites within a
12.1 Perform routine analysis and diagnostics for NIRSys-
sample, and three measurements at each site. Means of the
tems model 6500 monochrometer.
three replicates constitute the site reading. For each specimen,
12.2 Clean quartz window with lens tissue to remove dust
report means of the five sites.
and streaks.
8.3 Sample Handling and Preparation:
12.3 Packing the Sample Cell:
8.3.1 Eachspecimentobeanalyzedshouldbeatleast2gin
12.3.1 Mix the specimen thoroughly.
weight. Care should be taken not to loose any free shive.
12.3.2 Using a spatula carefully remove a small amount of
8.3.2 Each 2g aliquot is to be ground for 3 min in a SPEX
the material from the sample bottle and gently place in the cell
8000 mixer mill. If the grinder cannot hold all 2 g, the aliquots
(5 cm o.d.) or the spacer ring (15 mm i.d.) for specimens less
are to be thoroughly mixed after separate grinding.
that 2 g, until a small mound covers the ring opening. Do not
pack or shake the ground mixture.
9. Preparation of Apparatus
12.3.3 Pla
...
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