ASTM D6798-02(2013)e2
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Flax and Linen
Standard Terminology Relating to Flax and Linen
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms related to flax and linen.
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´2
Designation: D6798 − 02 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Terminology Relating to
Flax and Linen
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6798; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—The term “average fiber width” was added editorially in September 2014.
ε NOTE—The terms “dew retting,” “enzyme retting,” and “water retting” were added editorially in September 2015.
1. Scope de-seeding, n—in flax, the process of removing seeds and
seed-holding structures from plants.
1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms
related to flax and linen.
dew retting, n—in flax, the process of pulling or cutting flax
straw and leaving on the soil for a period of time to allow
2. Referenced Documents
partial degradation of straw to effect retting.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
enzyme retting, n—in flax, the process of mechanically adding
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
enzyme formulations under precise conditions to pulled or
D7879 Test Method for Determining Flax Fiber Widths
cut flax straw for a period of time to effect retting.
Using Image Analysis
fiber bundle, n— in flax, group of ultimate fibers which are
3. Terminology
held together in the flax stem by pectins, lignins or any
3.1 Definitions:
combination thereof.
average fiber width (µm), n—the arithmetic mean width of a
flax, n—the generic name for plants that are botanically
selected group of fibers in a two-dimensional image plane.
classified as Linum usitatissimum, which are cultivated for
DISCUSSION—The selected group of fibers is dependent upon the
seed and/or fiber.
capturing device and software parameters as set by the opeator. D7879
hackling, n—in flax, the process of cleaning and aligning
bast fibers, n— in flax stems, fibers found in the layer of
long-line fibers to improve fineness and remove non-fibrous
phloem of the flax stem between the inner xylem tissue and
materials and short fibers.
the epidermis tissue.
linen, n—a yarn or fabric made solely from flax fibers.
breaking, n—in flax stems, the crushing of the structure of the
stem; loosening the bond between the fiber bundles and
linen blend, n—a yarn or fabric made from a combination of
shives and breaking the shives into short pieces to facilitate
flax and other fibers.
its removal.
long line, n—in flax, flax fiber bundles that have a minimum
combing, n—in flax, the processing of tow so as to produce
length of 50 cm.
tops or silver which have the staple length and width suitable
for use in the worsted spinning system.
over-retting, n— in flax, indicates that decomposition has
caused excessive deterioration of bast fibers. (See retting and
cottonizing, n— in flax, the processing of flax fiber so as to
underretting)
make it suitable for use in the cotton spinning system.
retting, n—in flax, the process of partial biological or chemical
decorticating, n— in flax, the process of mechanically sepa-
decomposition of pectins and other components which bind
rating fiber bundles from straw.
the fiber, fiber bundles, and the non-fiber structures, thereby
facilitating removal of bast fibers from stems. (See under-
Thisterminologyisun
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´2 ´2
Designation: D6798 − 02 (Reapproved 2013) D6798 − 02 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Terminology Relating to
Flax and Linen
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6798; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—The term “average fiber width” was added editorially in September 2014.
ε NOTE—The terms “dew retting,” “enzyme retting,” and “water retting” were added editorially in September 2015.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms related to flax and linen.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D7879 Test Method for Determining Flax Fiber Widths Using Image Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
average fiber width (μm), n—the arithmetic mean width of a selected group of fibers in a two-dimensional image plane.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.17 on Flax and Linen.
ɛ1
Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published September 2013. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D6798 – 02(2007).(2007) .
DOI: 10.1520/D6798-02R13E01.10.1520/D6798-02R13E02.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
DISCUSSION—
The selected group of fibers is dependent upon the capturing device and software parameters as set by the opeator. D7879
bast fibers, n— in flax stems, fibers found in the layer of phloem of the flax stem between the inner xylem tissue and the epidermis
tissue.
breaking, v—n—in flax stems, the crushing of the structure of the stem; loosening the bond between the fiber bundles and shives
and breaking the shives into short pieces to facilitate its removal.
combing, v—n—in flax, the processing of tow so as to produce tops or silver which have the staple length and width suitable for
use in the worsted spinning system.
cottonizing, v—n— in flax, the processing of flax fiber so as to make it suitable for use in the cotton spinning system.
decorticating, v—n— in flax, the process of mechanically separating fiber bundles from straw.
de-seeding, v—n—in flax, the process of removing seeds and seed-holding structures from plants.
dew retting, n—in flax, the process of pulling or cutting flax straw and leaving on the soil for a period of time to allow partial
degradation of straw to effect retting.
enzyme retting, n—in flax, the process of mechanically adding enzyme formulations under precise conditions to pulled or cut flax
straw for a period of time to effect retting.
fiber bundle, n— in flax, group of ultimate fibers which are held together in the flax stem by pectins, lignins or any combination
thereof.
flax, n—the generic name for plants that are botanically classified as Linum usitatissimum, which are cultivated for seed and/or
fiber.
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