ASTM D6063-11(2018)

Standard Guide for Sampling of Drums and Similar Containers by Field Personnel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended to assist field personnel in obtaining samples from drums and similar containers for field and laboratory analysis. The need for accurate data, and the costs associated with sampling and analysis, make it essential that samples be taken correctly before submitting them for chemical analysis or physical testing, or both. Incorrect sampling can invalidate resulting data.  
5.2 This guide may be used by personnel who have no formal workplan. It draws their attention to issues that must be addressed before, during, and after taking a sample. It provides guidance in choosing the sampling technique and equipment suitable for specific situations. It can serve as a training tool for those who are unfamiliar with sampling. It is recommended that this guide be used as a supplement to a written workplan.  
5.3 Some sections of this guide contain flow charts (see Figs. 1-5) that must be worked through, starting from the top of each page. By answering the questions in the diamond-shaped boxes, and following the appropriate arrows, the person planning to sample will be guided toward the most suitable procedures and equipment. The numbers at the bottom of some boxes refer to corresponding paragraphs in the text, which provide information to help the person sampling answer the questions.  
FIG. 8 COLIWASA  
FIG. 9 Concentric Tube Thief  
FIG. 10 Dipper  
FIG. 11 Drum Thief  
FIG. 12 Peristaltic Pumps  
FIG. 13 Scoop, Spoon, Trowel  
FIG. 14 Syringe Sampler  
FIG. 15 Trier
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information, including flow charts, for field personnel to follow in order to collect samples from drums and similar containers.  
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to help field personnel in planning and obtaining samples from drums and similar containers, using equipment and techniques that will ensure that the objectives of the sampling activity will be met. It can also be used as a training tool.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See specific warnings in 7.4.3 and 7.4.4.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2018
• ICS: 19.020 - Test conditions and procedures in general
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.01.02 - Sampling Techniques

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D6063-11 - Standard Guide for Sampling of Drums and Similar Containers by Field Personnel
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Refers: ASTM C783-85(2020) - Standard Practice for Core Sampling of Graphite Electrodes
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM D5088-20 - Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM D4823-95(2019) - Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4448-01(2019) - Standard Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2019
• Refers: ASTM D5358-93(2019) - Standard Practice for Sampling With a Dipper or Pond Sampler
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4840-99(2018)e1 - Standard Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-2018
• Refers: ASTM D5283-18 - Standard Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assurance and Quality Control Planning and Implementation
• Effective Date: 01-May-2018
• Refers: ASTM D1452/D1452M-16 - Standard Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger Borings
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2016
• Refers: ASTM D1587/D1587M-15 - Standard Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes (Withdrawn 2024)
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2015
• Refers: ASTM C783-85(2015) - Standard Practice for Core Sampling of Graphite Electrodes
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2015
• Refers: ASTM D5088-15a - Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015
• Refers: ASTM D4700-15 - Standard Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone (Withdrawn 2024)
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2015
• Refers: ASTM D5088-15 - Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
• Effective Date: 15-Jan-2015
• Refers: ASTM D5358-93(2014) - Standard Practice for Sampling with a Dipper or Pond Sampler
• Effective Date: 01-May-2014

Overview

ASTM D6063-11(2018) - Standard Guide for Sampling of Drums and Similar Containers by Field Personnel provides comprehensive guidance for field sampling personnel tasked with collecting samples from drums, barrels, and similar non-bulk containers. Developed by ASTM, this international standard outlines best practices for obtaining representative samples for chemical analysis or physical testing. Robust sampling is critical to ensure the validity of analytical data, particularly in waste management, environmental monitoring, regulatory compliance, and hazardous material handling. Incorrect sampling can lead to invalid data, costly rework, or misinformed decisions.

Key Topics

• Decision-Tree and Flow Charts: The guide incorporates flow charts to navigate sampling complexities, guiding users through equipment selection, procedure planning, safety considerations, and more.
• Pre-Sampling Inspection: Field personnel are instructed on evaluating drum integrity, reviewing documentation, identifying potential materials, and assessing site-specific hazards.
• Safety and Health: The standard emphasizes the importance of appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, including hazard identification, use of personal protective equipment, confined space considerations, and handling unknown or hazardous materials.
• Sampling Equipment Selection: Guidance is offered on selecting suitable equipment-such as COLIWASA, concentric tube thief, dipper, drum thief, peristaltic pumps, scoops, syringes, and triers-based on material type (liquid, sludge, consolidated/unconsolidated solids).
• Sampling Procedures: Practical advice is given for extracting representative samples, preventing cross-contamination, and minimizing sample disturbance, especially for materials with multiple phases or volatile constituents.
• Recordkeeping and Chain of Custody: Detailed instructions support comprehensive documentation, including field logs, sample labeling, and chain-of-custody procedures to maintain the integrity and traceability of samples.
• Application as a Training Tool: The standard is valuable for training purposes, especially for personnel without a formal workplan, ensuring consistent and competent sampling practices.

Applications

ASTM D6063-11(2018) is widely used across industries that manage or analyze containerized waste, chemicals, and hazardous substances. Typical applications include:

• Environmental Site Assessments: Collecting drum samples for assessing contamination risks at remediation or brownfield sites.
• Waste Management Operations: Ensuring accurate characterization of drum contents prior to treatment, disposal, or transportation, in compliance with regulatory frameworks.
• Industrial Hygiene & Safety: Hazard evaluation and workplace safety assurance when handling unknown or potentially hazardous materials.
• Regulatory Compliance: Meeting legal and documentation requirements for handling, transporting, and disposing of regulated materials.
• Laboratory Analysis Preparation: Providing representative samples for detailed laboratory testing, such as chemical composition analysis, toxicity profiling, or physical property testing.
• Training of Personnel: Serving as a practical training framework for new technicians or those unfamiliar with sampling protocols.

Related Standards

ASTM D6063-11(2018) references and complements several related ASTM standards, which collectively cover specific sampling methods, equipment decontamination, and field procedures, including:

• ASTM D5495: Practice for Sampling with a Composite Liquid Waste Sampler (COLIWASA)
• ASTM D5451: Practice for Sampling Using a Trier Sampler
• ASTM D5358: Practice for Sampling with a Dipper or Pond Sampler
• ASTM D4840: Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
• ASTM D5088: Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
• ASTM D4687: Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
• ASTM D4448: Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
• ASTM D4700: Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone

By following ASTM D6063-11(2018) and its related standards, professionals ensure reliable, defensible sampling results-supporting environmental stewardship, regulatory adherence, and workplace safety in operations involving drums and similar containers.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6063 − 11 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Guide for
Sampling of Drums and Similar Containers by Field
Personnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6063; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Rock for Site Exploration
D4448 Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
1.1 Thisguidecoversinformation,includingflowcharts,for
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
field personnel to follow in order to collect samples from
D4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
drums and similar containers.
D4823 Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsoli-
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to help field personnel in
dated Sediments
planning and obtaining samples from drums and similar
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
containers, using equipment and techniques that will ensure
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
that the objectives of the sampling activity will be met. It can
Used at Waste Sites
also be used as a training tool.
D5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
lated to Waste ManagementActivities: QualityAssurance
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the and Quality Control Planning and Implementation
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D5358 PracticeforSamplingwithaDipperorPondSampler
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- D5451 Practice for Sampling Using a Trier Sampler
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D5495 Practice for Sampling With a Composite Liquid
See specific warnings in 7.4.3 and 7.4.4. Waste Sampler (COLIWASA)
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3. Terminology
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1 Definitions:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.1 bung, n—usually a 2-in. (5-cm) or ⁄4-in. (1.3-cm)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
diameter threaded plug, specifically designed to close a bung
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
hole.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.2 bung hole, n—an opening in a barrel or drum through
2. Referenced Documents
which it can be filled, emptied, or vented.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.3 consolidated solid, n—as used in this guide,acompact
C783 Practice for Core Sampling of Graphite Electrodes
solid not easily compressed or broken into smaller portions.
D1452/D1452M Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling
3.1.4 drum, n—implies any drum, barrel, or non-bulk con-
by Auger Borings
tainer of 5 to 110 gal (19 to 400 L) capacity.
D1586 Test Method for Standard PenetrationTest (SPT) and
3.1.5 representative sample, n—asamplecollectedsuchthat
Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
it reflects one or more characteristics of interest (as defined by
D1587/D1587M Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of
the project objectives) of the population from which it was
Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
collected.
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
3.1.6 sample, n—one or more items or portions collected
from a lot or population.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
3.1.7 sampler, n—the device used to obtain a sample.
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.02 on
Sampling Techniques.
3.1.8 sludge, n—as used in this guide, any mixture of solids
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originally
that settles out of solution; sludges contain liquids that are not
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6063 – 11. DOI:
apparent as free liquids.
10.1520/D6063-11R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.1.9 unconsolidated solid, n—as used in this guide, unce-
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
mented or uncompacted material that is easily separated into
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. smaller portions.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6063 − 11 (2018)
3.1.10 workplans, n—plans that are specific to sampling at a that samples be taken correctly before submitting them for
particular site; examples are health and safety plans, and chemical analysis or physical testing, or both. Incorrect sam-
sampling and analysis plans.
pling can invalidate resulting data.
5.2 This guide may be used by personnel who have no
4. Summary of Guide
formal workplan. It draws their attention to issues that must be
4.1 This guide uses a decision-tree format to lead persons
addressed before, during, and after taking a sample. It provides
intending to sample waste materials from drums and similar
guidance in choosing the sampling technique and equipment
containers through a series of questions. The answers to the
suitableforspecificsituations.Itcanserveasatrainingtoolfor
questions result in recommended actions, including the selec-
those who are unfamiliar with sampling. It is recommended
tion of appropriate sampling equipment. Brief instructions on
that this guide be used as a supplement to a written workplan.
the use of the equipment are included.
5.3 Some sections of this guide contain flow charts (see
4.2 This guide addresses commonly used sampling equip-
Figs.1-5)thatmustbeworkedthrough,startingfromthetopof
ment and devices; it is not intended to cover all that might be
purchased or custom made. each page. By answering the questions in the diamond-shaped
boxes, and following the appropriate arrows, the person
5. Significance and Use
planning to sample will be guided toward the most suitable
procedures and equipment.The numbers at the bottom of some
5.1 This guide is intended to assist field personnel in
boxes refer to corresponding paragraphs in the text, which
obtaining samples from drums and similar containers for field
provide information to help the person sampling answer the
and laboratory analysis. The need for accurate data, and the
costs associated with sampling and analysis, make it essential questions.
NOTE 1—This flow chart should be used with Section 6 in the text.
FIG. 1 Objectives of Sampling
D6063 − 11 (2018)
NOTE 1—This flow chart should be used with 7.1 – 7.3 in the text.
FIG. 2 Pre-Sampling Inspection
5.4 Figs. 6-15 are examples of types of equipment. Similar 6.2 In most cases, there is a written plan that describes the
devices that do the same job in the same way are not intended work to be done (Guide D4687). In other cases, there is no
to be excluded. written plan and the instructions are only verbal.
6.3 If the objectives of sampling are unclear or unknown to
6. Objectives of Sampling
the field personnel, they should question their supervisor or
6.1 The purpose of sampling is to collect a representative project manager about the objectives. Well-informed field
sample of all or part of the contents of the drum or similar
personnel are then alert to unforeseen circumstances or events
container, to determine the physical and chemical characteris- that might invalidate the samples.
tics of those contents (see Fig. 1). This information may then
be used to:
7. Pre-Sampling Inspection
6.1.1 Select suitable methods of treatment and disposal of
7.1 Information about the contents of the drums may be
the contents,
available from (see Fig. 2):
6.1.2 Provide evidence for use in a court of law,
7.1.1 Previous analysis of drum contents from the same
6.1.3 Comply with regulations, such as those for the trans-
source,
portation of hazardous materials,
7.1.2 The supplier/source of the material in the drums,
6.1.4 Confirm that the drums contain what is written on the
7.1.3 Manifest (shipping) documents,
label, manifest, or other type of documentation, and
7.1.4 Labels and other markings on the drums, or
6.1.5 Find out if any drums in a lot contain different
materials from the majority. 7.1.5 Knowledge of the waste-generating process.
D6063 − 11 (2018)
NOTE 1—This flow chart should be used with 7.3 – 7.5 in the text.
FIG. 2 Pre-Sampling Inspection (continued)
7.2 Personnel doing the pre-sampling and sampling must be 7.3 If you are certain that the drum does not contain
aware of any special procedures that are to be followed at a radioactive material and the workplan does not require you to
given site. Workplans include a worker health and safety
check for radioactivity, proceed to 7.4.
section because there are potential hazards associated with
7.3.1 Many facilities are not licensed to handle radioactive
opening drums, as well as with potentially hazardous
materials and are legally obliged to prove that they do not
3,4
contents. Examples of special procedures are change of
knowingly accept them. Some facilities are licensed to handle
clothing, use of safety equipment of various kinds, evacuation
radioactive materials; they need to have a measure of how
procedures,fireandexplosionprocedures,andvehiclecleaning
radioactive the material is for the safety of their workers.
procedures such as water washing before leaving the site or
7.3.2 Hand-held monitors that check for radioactivity
storage area, and many others that would be site or storage
should always be used if you suspect that radioactive material
specific.
might be present or if the workplan requires it. It is important
that the monitor has been calibrated correctly, according to the
Drum Handling Practices at Hazardous Waste Sites, EPA/600/2-86/013,
manufacturer’s instructions. Monitoring should be done only
January 1986.
4 by those with the appropriate written procedures, training, and
Field Sampling Procedures Manual, New Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection, Division of Remedial Support, August 2005 (available online). equipment.
D6063 − 11 (2018)
NOTE 1—This flow chart should be used with 7.6 – 7.8 in the text.
FIG. 2 Pre-Sampling Inspection (continued)
7.3.3 It is prudent to monitor a storage area before entering 7.4.3 If the drums are stored in a closed room or confined
it. If radioactive material is found to be present when it should space, the air in the area should be tested by a hand-held
not be, leave the area immediately, post warning signs to alert monitor to check for flammable vapors. It is important that the
other workers, and consult your supervisor.
monitor has been calibrated according to the manufacturer’s
instructions. The monitoring should be done by those with the
7.4 Drums may contain flammable materials, strong oxidiz-
appropriate training and written procedures. (Warning—
ers or reducing materials, light-sensitive materials, corrosive
Flammable materials should be sampled in a well-ventilated
acids or bases, and materials sensitive to moisture or
area. There are other safety considerations that must be
movement, or both. All of these drums require special
considered regarding confined spaces. It may be necessary to
handling, including segregation, when possible.
check for explosivity or oxygen levels.)
7.4.1 Many solvents, like benzene, evaporate into airspace
7.4.4 Labels on drums of waste materials may not be
in and around the drum where the vapor may be easily ignited.
7.4.2 If you are sampling a potentially flammable or un- accurate.Unlessthedrumscomefromareliablesource,thatis,
the generator of the material and the process that created the
known material, non-sparking tools should be used and the
drums should be grounded. waste are known to you, it is prudent to assume that the labels
D6063 − 11 (2018)
NOTE 1—This flow chart should be used with 8.1 – 8.5 to in the text.
FIG. 3 Selection of Suitable Sampling Procedure
may not match the contents. (Warning—Attempting to open a 7.6 Sometimes drums have to be moved to another location
drum that is in poor condition can expose a worker to the for sampling; this is known as “drum staging.”This is required
possibility of a serious, even fatal, accident. Special precau-
if:
tions should be taken when the bungs are rusted or corroded
7.6.1 Sampling the drum in its present location poses a high
sincethedrumtopmaygiveway,exposingtheworkertovapor
risk to surrounding property or individuals, or both,
or liquid. Overpacking before sampling should be considered
7.6.2 The drum cannot be accessed for sampling in its
for drums in poor condition.)
current location, or
7.5 It is not always necessary to sample every drum in a lot.
7.6.3 Exposure to climatic conditions alter the sample, for
The workplans provide direction as to how many, and possibly
example,formationofice;orcreateahealthandsafetyrisk,for
which, drums should be sampled. Each drum that will be
example, the sun heating a drum containing solvents.
sampled must be identified in a unique way in case a second
sample has to be taken later. Colored labels, crayons, paint 7.7 The physical condition of drums must be evaluated
sticks or pens, or stenciled paint can be used to identify drums. beforeattemptingtoopenormovethem(seewarningin7.4.4).
Any new identification system should not cover the existing Drum carriers, which lock on the drum lip, should not be used
labels or identifiers. to move the drum if the condition is poor.
D6063 − 11 (2018)
NOTE 1—This flow chart should be used with 8.6 – 8.8 in the text.
FIG. 3 Selection of Suitable Sampling Procedure (continued)
7.8 Materials in layers, such as oil with water, can become sampling equipment (for example, a COLIWASA) can be
mixed together when moved. If you want to sample each layer inserted into the opened drum (see Section 12) and the liquid
separately, the material may need time to settle before opening level measured.
and sampling the drum.
8.4 Although sludges behave like sticky solids and are not
usually pumped, they can contain quite a high proportion of
8. Selection of Suitable Sampling Procedure
liquids, such as oil or water, which is not visible as free liquid.
8.1 The physical state(s) of the material(s) being sampled is
8.5 An unconsolidated solid is a material like sand or a
an important criterion when sampling (see Fig. 3).
powder. A consolidated solid consists of material like sand-
8.2 A drum containing one liquid, such as water, or a stone or concrete.
mixture of liquids, such as a stable emulsion like hand cream,
8.5.1 A drum containing mixed materials, such as dispos-
that does not separate into two layers regardless of time, is said able personal protective equipment and laboratory supplies, is
to contain one phase.Adrum containing two liquids such as oil
treated as one with unconsolidated solids.
and water, which form two distinct layers when they are not
8.6 If the waste material is likely to attack the sampling
stirred, is said to contain two phases.
equipment, such as an acid corroding a metal thief:
8.3 When it is necessary to know the amounts of solid and 8.6.1 The equipment may partially dissolve, adding
liquid layers in a drum, a calibrated measuring device or the constituents, such as metals to the sample. Faulty conclusions
D6063 − 11 (2018)
NOTE 1—This flow chart should be used with 8.9 – 8.11 in the text.
FIG. 3 Selection of Suitable Sampling Procedure (continued)
may be drawn about the composition of the sample, leading to 8.8 When the quantity of material that is removed from a
costly and unnecessary remedial actions, and
drum by the equipment will not provide enough for the
8.6.2 The equipment will have to be replaced frequently,
laboratory to perform all the required tests, a number of
adding costs to the project.
subsamples must be taken and combined. In doing this, it is
critical not to disturb layers; this could result in an unsuitable
8.7 Whenselectingequipment,itisimportanttobeawareof
sample.
the limitations of the tools. The design of some equipment can
result in part of the material not being sampled. For example,
8.9 Pumps may require electricity to operate. If the sam-
if the size of the opening(s) that allow the sample to enter a
pling location is outdoors, they may need to be protected from
trier is smaller than some of the particles in the drum, the
the weather. If flammable vapors were observed in 7.4, consult
sample will not be representative.
your supervisor about sources of ignition, such as pumps,
8.7.1 Volatile organic constituents are likely to be lost if the
electrical connections, and switches.
samplingequipmentcausesabuildupofheatoragitationofthe
sample, as will exposure to air for more than a very short time
8.10 Consideration should be given to having a separate
or storage in a sample container with a headspace above the
clean sampling device for each drum, since this eliminates
sample.
cross-contamination and may be more efficient than cleaning
8.7.2 See Table 1 for more information on the limitations of
one sampling device after each drum. It is generally easier to
sampling equipment.
D6063 − 11 (2018)
NOTE 1—This flow chart should be used with 9.1 – 9.3 in the text.
FIG. 4 Preparation of Sampling Equipment
clean the sampling devices and other equipment in the labora- 9. Preparation of Sampling Equipment
tory or another suitable place where solvent disposal and
9.1 Damaged sampling equipment can affect the sample, for
drying equipment are readily available.
example, dull cutting edges or chipped glass parts. It may also
8.11 It is worthwhile to make a comparison of the costs of
be a safety hazard for the worker (see Fig. 4).
cleaning or decontaminating equipment, or both, including
9.2 Cleaning and decontamination procedures should be
disposal of the cleaning agents, versus using disposable equip-
identified in the plan (see Practice D5088).
ment when selecting and preparing equipment. The initial
purchase price of the equipment may also be a factor in the
9.3 Check the workplan for preservatives, cooling/
selection. There may be more than one suitable device (see
refrigeration, holding times, type and size of sample container,
Table 2).
packaging,andshippingrequirements.Ifthesamplesaregoing
8.12 Tables 1 and 2 list equipment that is commonly used
to be analyzed for volatile organic compounds, such as
for sampling liquid and solid wastes, and their limitations.
gasoline, special bottles must be used.
They contain more than one type of equipment for some types
9.4 If the samples are going to be analyzed for trace
of waste materials but are not intended to include all possible
amounts of volatile organic compounds, such as solvents, plan
equipment or devices.
to fill and seal the special sample bottles required for this
8.12.1 Other factors that will guide you in making the final
choice follow in Section 13. analysis first, before filling the other sample containers.
D6063 − 11 (2018)
NOTE 1—This flow chart should be used with 9.4 – 10.2 in the text.
FIG. 4 Preparation of Sampling Equipment (continued)
9.5 Personal safety equipment will vary depending on the 9.5.2.5 Self-contained breathing apparatus, and
hazards associated with the task. It must comply with the 9.5.2.6 Two-way radio communication.
healthandsafetyrequirementsoftheorganizationthatemploys
9.5.3 If appropriate, segregate the drums and surrounding
you.
area from casual intrusion by using barricades or caution tape.
9.5.1 Basic safety equipment includes:
9.5.4 When sampling inside buildings, ventilation may be
9.5.1.1 Safety glasses,
desirable.
9.5.1.2 Synthetic rubber gloves,
9.6 Records that associate a sample with a drum are usually
9.5.1.3 Safety shoes or boots, and
required. A field technician’s log and chain-of-custody forms
9.5.1.4 Protective clothing.
are commonly used (see Section 10).
9.5.2 More hazardous situations may require equipment
such as:
10. Report
9.5.2.1 Hard hat,
9.5.2.2 Respirators, 10.1 Chain-of-Custody Forms:
9.5.2.3 Face shields, 10.1.1 The purpose of chain-of-custody forms is to show
9.5.2.4 Chemically resistant suits, that the samples analyzed are the same ones that were
D6063 − 11 (2018)
NOTE 1—This flow chart should be used with 12.1 – 12.3 in the text.
FIG. 5 Opening the Drum
collected. They are required for regulatory purposes. They the containers. Security seals may also be attached after the
serve as legal documentation that sample custody was main- sample container has been filled. The date, time of sampling,
tained. When complete, they should show that there were no and name of the person sampling are then written on the seals.
lapses in accountability. It is not always necessary to use The purpose of the seal is to indicate possible tampering with
chain-of-custody procedures, but some form of sample track- the sample. (See Guide D4840.) Other tamper-evident
ing is necessary. methods, such as tamper-evident bags, may be utilized also.
10.1.2 A chain-of-custody form may originate with the
10.2 Field Log:
laboratory at the time the sample containers are prepared, or in
10.2.1 Ideally, a field log is maintained in a bound book
thefieldafterthesamplehasbeentaken.Eachtimethesamples
with printed page numbers. Information should be recorded in
change hands, the chain-of-custody form must be signed. The
indelible ink. Errors should be crossed out with a single line
originator of the chain of custody keeps one copy to confirm
and initialed/dated. Items normally documented include:
that the samples were passed on and to whom; they may have
10.2.1.1 Type of waste, for example, sludge, wastewater,
been given directly to the laboratory or to a courier. The
10.2.1.2 Suspected waste composition, including
completed form, with all remaining copies intact, must accom-
concentrations, if known,
pany the samples. Copies of the custody forms will be returned
10.2.1.3 Number and volume of sample taken,
to the parties involved to confirm that the samples have been
10.2.1.4 Description of sampling point and sampling
received at the laboratory.
method,
10.1.3 Sometimes security seals are placed over the caps of
10.2.1.5 Date, time, and location of each sample collected,
empty, clean sample containers and signed off by the labora-
tory.Thepersonsamplingmustbreakthesesealsinordertofill 10.2.1.6 Preservatives used, if any (including ice),
D6063 − 11 (2018)
11. Mixing of Liquids, With or Without Solids, Before
Sampling
11.1 Thorough mixing of the material prior to sampling is
not always possible or necessary. When deciding whether or
not to mix, the following points should be considered.
11.1.1 Does the plan require that the materials in the drum
be mixed before sampling? Or does the plan prohibit mixing?
11.1.2 If the material is ha
...