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ASTM D6063-11

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Sampling of Drums and Similar Containers by Field Personnel

Standard Guide for Sampling of Drums and Similar Containers by Field Personnel

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information, including flow charts, for field personnel to follow in order to collect samples from drums and similar containers.
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to help field personnel in planning and obtaining samples from drums and similar containers, using equipment and techniques that will ensure that the objectives of the sampling activity will be met. It can also be used as a training tool.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See specific Warnings in 7.4.3 and 7.4.4.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Nov-2011
ICS
19.020 - Test conditions and procedures in general
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.01.02 - Sampling Techniques
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6063-96(2006) - Standard Guide for Sampling of Drums and Similar Containers by Field Personnel
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Replaced By
ASTM D6063-11(2018) - Standard Guide for Sampling of Drums and Similar Containers by Field Personnel
Effective Date
01-Sep-2018
Referred By
ASTM D7353-21 - Standard Practice for Sampling of Liquids in Waste Management Activities Using a Peristaltic Pump
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Referred By
ASTM D6232-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Referred By
ASTM D5681-22e1 - Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Referred By
ASTM D5680-14(2022) - Standard Practice for Sampling Unconsolidated Solids in Drums or Similar Containers
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6063 − 11
Standard Guide for
Sampling of Drums and Similar Containers by Field
1
Personnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6063; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
1.1 Thisguidecoversinformation,includingflowcharts,for
Used at Waste Sites
field personnel to follow in order to collect samples from
D5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
drums and similar containers.
lated to Waste ManagementActivities: QualityAssurance
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to help field personnel in
and Quality Control Planning and Implementation
planning and obtaining samples from drums and similar
D5358 PracticeforSamplingwithaDipperorPondSampler
containers, using equipment and techniques that will ensure
D5451 Practice for Sampling Using a Trier Sampler
that the objectives of the sampling activity will be met. It can
D5495 Practice for Sampling With a Composite Liquid
also be used as a training tool.
Waste Sampler (COLIWASA)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3
3.1.1 bung, n—usually a 2-in. (5-cm) or ⁄4-in. (1.3-cm)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See specific
diameter threaded plug specifically designed to close a bung
Warnings in 7.4.3 and 7.4.4.
hole.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.2 bung hole, n—an opening in a barrel or drum through
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
which it can be filled, emptied or vented.
C783 Practice for Core Sampling of Graphite Electrodes
3.1.3 consolidated solid, n—as used in this guide,acompact
D1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling byAuger
solid not easily compressed or broken into smaller portions.
Borings
D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-
3.1.4 drum, n—implies any drum, barrel or non-bulk con-
Barrel Sampling of Soils
tainer of 5 to 110 gal (19 to 400 L) capacity.
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for
3.1.5 representative sample, n—asamplecollectedsuchthat
Geotechnical Purposes
it reflects one or more characteristics of interest (as defined by
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
the project objectives) of the population from which it was
Rock for Site Investigation
collected.
D4448 Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling 3.1.6 sample, n—one or more items or portions collected
D4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone from a lot or population.
D4823 Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsoli-
3.1.7 sampler, n—the device used to obtain a sample.
dated Sediments
3.1.8 sludge, n—as used in this guide, any mixture of solids
that settles out of solution; sludges contain liquids that are not
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
apparent as free liquids.
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.02 on
Sampling Techniques. 3.1.9 unconsolidated solid, n—as used in this guide, unce-
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally
mented or uncompacted material that is easily separated into
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D6063 – 96 (2006).
smaller portions.
DOI: 10.1520/D6063-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.1.10 work plans, n—plans that are specific to sampling at
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
a particular site; examples are Health and Safety Plans and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Sampling and Analysis Plans.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6063 − 11
4. Summary of Guide addressed before, during, and after taking a sample. It provides
guidance in choosing the sampling technique and equipment
4.1 This guide uses a decision-tree format to lead persons
suitableforspecificsituations.Itcanserveasatrainingtoolfor
intending to sample waste materials from drums and similar
those who are unfamiliar with sampling. It is recommended
containers through a series of questions. The answers to the
that this guide be used as a supplement to a written workplan.
que
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6063–96 (Reapproved 2006) Designation:D6063–11
Standard Guide for
Sampling of Drums and Similar Containers by Field
1
Personnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6063; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers information, including flow charts, for field personnel to follow in order to collect samples from drums
and similar containers.
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to help field personnel in planning and obtaining samples from drums and similar containers,
using equipment and techniques that will ensure that the objectives of the sampling activity will be met. It can also be used as a
training tool.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. See specific Warnings in 7.4.3 and 7.4.4.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C783 Practice for Core Sampling of Graphite Electrodes
D1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger Borings
D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for Site Investigation
D4448 Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
D4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
D4823 Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
D5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related toWaste ManagementActivities: QualityAssurance and Quality
Control Planning and Implementation
D5358 Practice for Sampling with a Dipper or Pond Sampler
D5451 Practice for Sampling Using a Trier Sampler
D5495 Practice for Sampling With a Composite Liquid Waste Sampler (COLIWASA)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3
3.1.1 bung, n—usually a 2-in. (5-cm) or ⁄4-in. (1.3-cm) diameter threaded plug specifically designed to close a bung hole.
3.1.2 bung hole, n—an opening in a barrel or drum through which it can be filled, emptied or vented.
3.1.3 consolidated solid, n—as used in this guide, a compact solid not easily compressed or broken into smaller portions.
3.1.4 drum, n—when used in the flow charts in this guide, the word implies any drum, barrel or non-bulk container of 5 to 110
gal (19 to 400 L) capacity. —implies any drum, barrel or non-bulk container of 5 to 110 gal (19 to 400 L) capacity.
3.1.5 representative sample, n—a sample collected such that it reflects one or more characteristics of interest of (as defined by
the lot orproject objectives) of the population from which it was collected.
3.1.6 sample, n—one or more items or portions collected from a lot or population.
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD34onWasteManagementandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD34.01.02onSamplingTechniques.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006.Nov. 15, 2011. Published October 2006.December 2011. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as
D6063 – 96 (2006). DOI: 10.1520/D6063-96R06.10.1520/D6063-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6063–11
3.1.7 sampler, n—the device used to obtain a sample.
3.1.8 sludge, n—as used in this guide, any mixture of solids that settles out of solution; sludges contain liquids that are not
apparent as free liquids.
3.1.9 unconsolidated solid, n—as used in this guide, uncemented or uncompacted material that is easily separated into smaller
portions.
3.1.10 work plans, n—plansthatarespecifictosamplingataparticularsite;examplesareHealthandSafetyPlansandSampling
and Analysis Plans.
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 This g
...

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ASTM D5358-93(2019)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling With a Dipper or Pond Sampler

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended for use in the sampling of surface waters and other liquids.  
4.2 Dipper equipment is uncomplicated in construction, simple to use, and relatively easy to decontaminate; however, this practice will not provide accurate results with multiphase liquids.  
4.3 This practice is to be used by personnel acquiring samples.  
4.4 The dipper is best used to take a surface sample of liquid. No attempt should be made to take subsurface samples with a dipper because mixing and dilution will occur as the dipper is brought to the surface. Subsurface layers must be sampled using a device that can be closed prior to bringing it to the surface (for example, a COLIWASA, tube sampler, or bottle sampler).  
4.5 The dipper is not appropriate for sampling multiphase liquids if quantitative characterization is needed.  
4.6 When volatile organic analysis (VOA) will be performed, samples obtained with a dipper should be poured into an appropriate container (VOA vial) with minimal air contact and agitation.  
4.7 This practice should be used in conjunction with Guide D4687, which covers sampling plans, safety, quality assurance (QA), preservation, decontamination, labeling, and chain-of-custody procedures; also Practice D5088, which covers decontamination of field equipment used at waste sites. Other documents pertinent to this practice are EPA-600/2-80-018 and EPA-600/4-84-076.
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1.1 This practice describes the procedure and equipment for taking surface samples of water or other liquids using a dipper. A pond sampler or dipper with extension handle allows the operator to sample streams, ponds, waste pits, and lagoons as far as 15 ft from the bank or other secure footing. The dipper is useful in filling a sample bottle without contaminating the outside of the bottle.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6063-11(2018)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Sampling of Drums and Similar Containers by Field Personnel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended to assist field personnel in obtaining samples from drums and similar containers for field and laboratory analysis. The need for accurate data, and the costs associated with sampling and analysis, make it essential that samples be taken correctly before submitting them for chemical analysis or physical testing, or both. Incorrect sampling can invalidate resulting data.  
5.2 This guide may be used by personnel who have no formal workplan. It draws their attention to issues that must be addressed before, during, and after taking a sample. It provides guidance in choosing the sampling technique and equipment suitable for specific situations. It can serve as a training tool for those who are unfamiliar with sampling. It is recommended that this guide be used as a supplement to a written workplan.  
5.3 Some sections of this guide contain flow charts (see Figs. 1-5) that must be worked through, starting from the top of each page. By answering the questions in the diamond-shaped boxes, and following the appropriate arrows, the person planning to sample will be guided toward the most suitable procedures and equipment. The numbers at the bottom of some boxes refer to corresponding paragraphs in the text, which provide information to help the person sampling answer the questions.  
FIG. 8 COLIWASA  
FIG. 9 Concentric Tube Thief  
FIG. 10 Dipper  
FIG. 11 Drum Thief  
FIG. 12 Peristaltic Pumps  
FIG. 13 Scoop, Spoon, Trowel  
FIG. 14 Syringe Sampler  
FIG. 15 Trier
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1.1 This guide covers information, including flow charts, for field personnel to follow in order to collect samples from drums and similar containers.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See specific warnings in 7.4.3 and 7.4.4.  
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ASTM D6661-17(Practice)
Standard Practice for Field Collection of Organic Compounds from Surfaces Using Wipe Sampling

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wipe sampling is typically used by persons involved in hazardous waste site investigations to characterize the areal extent and the level of contamination on walls, floors, equipment, etc. Wipe sampling is also used to determine compliance with regulations.  
5.2 There are many factors that contribute to variation in sampling results during wipe sampling, including the use of different pressures applied to the wipe, different kinds of wipes, different wiping patterns, the texture of the surface being wiped, and perhaps even the duration of wiping. The significance of this practice is that it standardizes wiping procedures to reduce sampling variability in the collection of samples from smooth, nonporous surfaces such as metal, glass, painted or sealed surfaces, tile, etc., in and around buildings and from pipes, tanks, decontaminated equipment, etc.
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1.1 This practice addresses sampling of organic compounds (that is, PCBs, dioxins, many pesticides and similar compounds) from smooth nonporous surfaces using a solvent-wetted wipe sampling method. Samples are collected in a manner that permits the solvent extraction of the organic compound(s) of interest from the wipes and subsequent determination using a laboratory analysis technique such as gas chromatography with a suitable detector. This practice is, however, unsuitable for the collection of volatile organic compounds.  
1.2 This practice should only be used to collect samples for the determination of organic compound(s) on a loading basis (for example, mass per unit area). It cannot be used to collect samples for the determination of organic compounds on a concentration basis (for example, mass per unit mass).  
1.3 This wipe sampling practice is not recommended for collecting samples of organic compounds from rough or porous surfaces such as upholstery, carpeting, brick, rough concrete, ceiling tiles, and bare wood. It is also not intended for the collection of dust samples (see Guide E1278) or sampling to estimate human exposure to contaminated surfaces.  
1.4 To ensure valid conclusions are reached, a sufficient number of samples must be obtained as directed by a sampling design (the number and location of samples including quality control samples) and a quality assurance/quality control plan. This practice does not address the sampling designs used to achieve the data quality objectives (see Practice D5792).  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Standard Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this guide is to provide guidelines for identifying the elements that comprise the test result of a test method and to illustrate how these elements combine into the test result. It covers the types of measurement scales used for expressing observations and test results. This guide provides information on the construction of test results from more elemental measurements.
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4.1 All test methods have an output in the form of a test result. This guide provides information on the construction of test results from more elemental measurements.  
4.2 A well-defined test result is necessary before any precision statements can be made about the test method.  
4.2.1 Form and Style for ASTM Standards,2 Section A21, requires that every test method shall contain a statement regarding its precision, preferably as a result of an interlaboratory test program. Reporting of such studies is described in Practice E177, which illustrates the development of test results from observations and test determinations.  
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FIG. 1 Sequence of Steps  
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Standard Guide for Sampling Design

ABSTRACT
This guide defines terms and introduces basic methods for probability sampling of discrete populations, areas, and bulk materials. It provides an overview of common probability sampling methods employed by users of ASTM standards. This guide also describes the principal types of sampling designs and provides formulas for estimating population means and standard errors of the estimates.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide describes the principal types of sampling designs and provides formulas for estimating population means and standard errors of the estimates. Practice E105 provides principles for designing probability sampling plans in relation to the objectives of study, costs, and practical constraints. Practice E122 aids in specifying the required sample size. Practice E141 describes conditions to ensure validity of the results of sampling. Further description of the designs and formulas in this guide, and beyond it, can be found in textbooks (1-10).3  
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4.4 A selection scheme designates which indexes constitute the sample. If certified random numbers completely control the selection scheme the sample is called a probability sample. Certified random numbers are those generated either from a table (for example, Ref (11)) that has been tested for equal digit frequencies and for serial independence, from a computer program that was checked to have a long cycle length, or from a random physical method such as tossing of a coin or a casino-quality spinner.  
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Standard Practice for Collection and Preservation of Information and Physical Items by a Technical Investigator

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ASTM G136-03(2023)e1(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determination of Soluble Residual Contaminants in Materials by Ultrasonic Extraction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is suitable for the determination of extractable substances that may be found in materials used in systems or components requiring a high level of cleanliness, such as oxygen systems. Soft goods, such as seals and valve seats, may be tested as received. Gloves and wipes, or samples thereof, to be used in cleaning operations may be evaluated prior to use to ensure that the proposed extracting agent does not extract or deposit chemicals, or both, on the surface to be cleaned.  
5.2 Wipes or other cleaning equipment may be tested after use to determine the amount of contaminant removed from a surface.
Note 1: The amount of material extracted may be dependent upon the frequency and power density of the ultrasonic unit.  
5.3 The extraction efficiency has been shown to vary with the frequency and power density of the ultrasonic unit. The unit, therefore, must be carefully evaluated to optimize the extraction conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice may be used to extract nonvolatile and semivolatile residues from materials such as new and used gloves, new and used wipes, component soft goods, and so forth. When used with proposed cleaning materials (wipes, gloves, and so forth), this practice may be used to determine the potential of the proposed solvent or other fluids to extract contaminants (plasticizers, residual detergents, brighteners, and so forth) and deposit them on the surface being cleaned.  
1.2 This practice is not suitable for the evaluation of particulate contamination.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6259-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determination of a Pooled Limit of Quantitation for a Test Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Background—In a single laboratory, the limit of quantitation, LOQ, equal to ten times the standard deviation obtained under repeatability conditions extrapolated to zero concentration (s0) based on samples with close to zero concentrations has been recommended.3 A test result at this LOQ has an uncertainty of ±30 % at the 99 % confidence level.  
5.1.1 This practice uses a regression technique to determine a similar limit for a test method (PLOQ) using statistically pooled repeatability standard deviations over multiple operators/laboratories/samples from ILS data. This PLOQ can be used by industry to assess the reliability of a test method, or, compare reliability of different test methods, for quantitative measurement at concentrations near zero. Similarly, quantitative test results obtained using the test method for levels at or below the PLOQ can be expected by industry to have an uncertainty of ±30 % or greater at the 95 % confidence level.  
5.1.2 The regression technique described in this practice can also be used to determine a limit of quantitation specific for a single laboratory (LLOQ). The limit thus quantified for one laboratory is defined by this standard as the laboratory limit of quantitation (LLOQ).  
5.1.3 It should be noted that since differences in repeatability testing capabilities between different laboratories can exist, therefore, LLOQ determined at a single laboratory can be different than the PLOQ determined for the test method.  
5.2 Values below the PLOQ are deemed by this practice to be too uncertain for meaningful use in commerce, or in regulatory activities.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of standard regression techniques and data from an interlaboratory study to determine a lower quantitative limit for a test method. This determined lower limit represents the numerical limit at or above which the test results are considered to be quantitatively meaningful for commerce or regulatory activities by this practice. It is defined by this standard as the pooled limit of quantitation (PLOQ) for the test method.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to test methods that are capable of producing numerical test results close to zero. Examples are those test methods that determine quantitatively the concentration of analyte(s) near zero.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E691-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method

ABSTRACT
This practice describes the techniques for planning, conducting, analyzing, and treating the results of an interlaboratory study (ILS) of a test method. The statistical techniques described in this practice provide adequate information for formulating the precision statement of a test method. This practice is also concerned exclusively with test methods which yield a single numerical figure as the test result, although the single figure may be the outcome of a calculation from a set of measurements. ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility and knowledge of the test method precision is useful in commerce and in technical work when comparing test results against standard values or between data sources.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This practice may be used in obtaining the needed information as simply as possible. This information may then be used to prepare a precision statement in accordance with Practice E177. Knowledge of the test method precision is useful in commerce and in technical work when comparing test results against standard values (such as specification limits) or between data sources (different laboratories, instruments, etc.).  
4.1.1 When a test method is applied to a large number of portions of a material that are as nearly alike as possible, the test results obtained will not all have the same value. A measure of the degree of agreement among these test results describes the precision of the test method for that material. Numerical measures of the variability between such test results provide inverse measures of the precision of the test method. Greater variability implies smaller (that is, poorer) precision and larger imprecision.  
4.1.2 Precision is reported as a standard deviation, coefficient of variation (relative standard deviation), variance, or a precision limit (a data range indicating no statistically significant difference between test results).  
4.1.3 This practice is designed only to estimate the precision of a test method. However, when accepted reference values are available for the property levels, the test result data obtained according to this practice may be used in estimating the bias of the test method. For a discussion of bias estimation and the relationships between precision, bias, and accuracy, see Practice E177.  
4.2 The procedures presented in this practice consist of three basic steps: planning the interlaboratory study, guiding the testing phase of the study, and analyzing the test result data.  
4.2.1 The planning phase includes forming the ILS task group, the study design, selection, and number of participating laborato...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the techniques for planning, conducting, analyzing, and treating the results of an interlaboratory study (ILS) of a test method. The statistical techniques described in this practice provide adequate information for formulating the precision statement of a test method.  
1.2 This practice does not concern itself with the development of test methods but rather with gathering the information needed for a test method precision statement after the development stage has been successfully completed. The data obtained in the interlaboratory study may indicate, however, that further effort is needed to improve the test method.  
1.3 Since the primary purpose of this practice is the development of the information needed for a precision statement, the experimental design in this practice may not be optimum for evaluating materials, apparatus, or individual laboratories.  
1.4 Field of Application—This practice is concerned exclusively with test methods which yield a single numerical figure as the test result, although the single figure may be the outcome of a calculation from a set of measurements.  
1.4.1 This practice ...

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