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ASTM D1922-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method

Standard Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the average force to propagate tearing through a specified length of plastic film or nonrigid sheeting after the tear has been started, using an Elmendorf-type tearing tester. Two specimens are cited, a rectangular type, and one with a constant radius testing length. The latter shall be the preferred or referee specimen.
1.2 Because of (1) difficulties in selecting uniformly identical specimens, (2) the varying degree of orientation in some plastic films, and ( 3) the difficulty found in testing highly extensible or highly oriented materials, or both, the reproducibility of the test results may be variable and, in some cases, not good or misleading. Provisions are made in the test method to compensate for oblique directional tearing which may be found with some materials.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in .Note 1
This standard and ISO 6383-2 are technically equivalent.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Mar-2006
ICS
83.140.10 - Films and sheets
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.19 - Film, Sheeting, and Molded Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1922-05 - Standard Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D1922-06a - Standard Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM G218-19 - Standard Guide for External Corrosion Protection of Ductile Iron Pipe Utilizing Polyethylene Encasement Supplemented by Cathodic Protection
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D2673-14(2022) - Standard Specification for Oriented Polypropylene Film
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM F2902-16e1 - Standard Guide for Assessment of Absorbable Polymeric Implants
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D2103-15 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Film and Sheeting
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D4635-16 - Standard Specification for Plastic Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D3420-21 - Standard Test Method for Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastic Film
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5047-17 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Terephthalate Film and Sheeting
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D4649-20 - Standard Guide for Use of Stretch Films and Wrapping Application
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D1593-22 - Standard Specification for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Plastic Film and Sheeting
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D3462/D3462M-23 - Standard Specification for Asphalt Shingles Made from Glass Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D228/D228M-21 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling, Testing, and Analysis of Asphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and Shingles Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM A674-22 - Standard Practice for Polyethylene Encasement for Ductile Iron Pipe
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM F2097-20 - Standard Guide for Design and Evaluation of Primary Flexible Packaging for Medical Products
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006

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ASTM D1922-06 - Standard Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum MethodASTM D1922-06 - Standard Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method
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ASTM D1922-06 - Standard Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1922–06
Standard Test Method for
Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin
1
Sheeting by Pendulum Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1922; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2 3
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
averageforcetopropagatetearingthroughaspecifiedlengthof D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
plastic film or nonrigid sheeting after the tear has been started, lation
using an Elmendorf-type tearing tester. Two specimens are D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
cited, a rectangular type, and one with a constant radius testing D 689 Test Method for Internal Tearing Resistance of Paper
length. The latter shall be the preferred or referee specimen. D 1004 Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of Plastic
1.2 Because of (1) difficulties in selecting uniformly iden- Film and Sheeting
tical specimens, (2) the varying degree of orientation in some D 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-
plastic films, and (3) the difficulty found in testing highly rials
extensible or highly oriented materials, or both, the reproduc- E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
ibilityofthetestresultsmaybevariableand,insomecases,not Determine the Precision of a Test Method
good or misleading. Provisions are made in the test method to 2.2 ISO Standard:
compensateforobliquedirectionaltearingwhichmaybefound ISO 6383-2 Plastics—Film and Sheeting—Determination
4
with some materials. of Tear Resistance—Part 2 Elmendorf Method
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Summary of Test Method
standard.Thevaluesgiveninbracketsareforinformationonly.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1 The force in grams required to propagate tearing across
a film or sheeting specimen is measured using a precisely
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
calibrated pendulum device. Acting by gravity, the pendulum
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- swings through an arc, tearing the specimen from a precut slit.
The specimen is held on one side by the pendulum and on the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tionary statements are given in 13.1. other side by a stationary member. The loss in energy by the
pendulum is indicated by a pointer. The scale indication is a
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO 6383-2 are technically equivalent.
function of the force required to tear the specimen.
4. Significance and Use
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
4.1 This test method is of value in ranking relative tearing
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and Sheeting.
resistance of various plastic films and thin sheeting of compa-
Current edition approved March 15, 2006. Published April 2006. Originally
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 1922 - 05.
rable thickness. Experience has shown the test to have its best
2
This test method has been adapted from TAPPI Standard Method T 414M-49,
reliability on relatively less extensible films and sheeting.
Internal Tearing Resistance of Paper. In testing certain plastic films, problems of
Variable elongation and oblique tearing effects on the more
reproducibility and interpretation of results are encountered which require special
treatment to make the test method of most value. This test method is revised here extensiblefilmsprecludeitsuseasapreciseproduction-control
specifically for use with plastic film and thin sheeting. For more complete
explanation of certain aspects of the equipment, its calibration and adjustment, refer
3
to TAPPI Standard Method T 414M-49. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
The following additional references may be of interest in connection with this contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
test method: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Painter,E.V.,Chu,C.C.,andMorgan,H.M.,“TestingTextilesontheElmendorf the ASTM website.
4
Tear Tester,” Textile Research Journal, Vol XX, No. 6, June 1950, pp. 410–417. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Elmendorf, A., “Strength Test for Paper,” Paper, Vol 26, April 21, 1920, p. 302. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at th
...

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ASTM D4397-16(2023)(Specification)
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This specification covers polyethylene sheeting with a determined thickness intended for construction, industrial and agricultural applications. The sheeting shall be made from polyethylene or modified polyethylene, such as an ethylene copolymer consisting of a major portion of ethylene in combination with a minor portion of some other monomer, or a mixture of polyethylene with a lesser amount of other polymers. General requirements for the material are also observed according to their appearance, dimensions in size and tolerance and minimum net weight. The sheeting may be natural, color-tinted, translucent or opaque. The tests given are intended primarily for use as production tests in conjunction with manufacturing processes and inspection methods to insure conformity of sheeting with the requirements of this specification. These tests shall be done in order to determine the following properties: thickness, length and width, weight, impact resistance, tensile properties, reflectance, luminous transmittance, water vapor transmission, and heat sealability.
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ASTM D4272/D4272M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Total Energy Impact of Plastic Films by Dart Drop

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Evaluation of the impact toughness of film is important in predicting the performance of a material in applications such as packaging, construction, and other uses. The test simulates the action encountered in applications where moderate-velocity blunt impacts occur in relatively small areas of film.  
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FIG. 1 Elements of an Instrumented Dart Drop System
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ASTM D1922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is of value in ranking relative tearing resistance of various plastic films and thin sheeting of comparable thickness. Experience has shown the test to have its best reliability on relatively less extensible films and sheeting. Variable elongation and oblique tearing effects on the more extensible films preclude its use as a precise production-control tool for these types of plastics. This test method should be used for specification acceptance testing only after it has been demonstrated that the data for the particular material are acceptably reproducible. This test method should be used for service evaluation only after its usefulness for the particular application has been demonstrated with a number of different films.  
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4.3 Due to orientation during their manufacture, plastic films and sheeting frequently show marked anisotropy in their resistance to tearing. This is further complicated by the fact that some films elongate greatly during tearing, even at the relatively rapid rates of loading encountered in this test method. The degree of this elongation is dependent in turn on film orientation and the inherent mechanical properties of the polymer from which it is made. These factors make tear resistance of some films reproducible between sets of specimens to ±5 % of the mean value, while others potentially show no better reproducibility than ±50 %.  
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1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the average force to propagate tearing through a specified length of plastic film or nonrigid sheeting after the tear has been started, using an Elmendorf-type tearing tester. Two specimens are cited, a rectangular type, and one with a constant radius testing length. The latter shall be the preferred or referee specimen.  
1.2 Because of (1) difficulties in selecting uniformly identical specimens, (2) the varying degree of orientation in some plastic films, and (3) the difficulty found in testing highly extensible or highly oriented materials, or both, the reproducibility of the test results may be variable and, in some cases, not good or misleading. Provisions are made in the test method to address oblique directional tearing which may be found with some materials.  
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5.1 When a drop of liquid rests on the surface of a solid, and a gas is in contact with both, the forces acting at the interfaces must balance. These forces can be represented by surface energies acting in the direction of the surfaces and it follows that:
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5.1.2 When the gas is air saturated with vapors of the liquid, γGL will be the surface tension of the liquid. If the angle of contact is 0° the liquid is said to just wet the surface of the solid, and in this particular case (since cos θ = 1) the wetting tension of the solid will be equal to the surface tension of the liquid.  
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the wetting tension of a polyethylene or polypropylene film surface in contact with drops of specific test solutions in the presence of air.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
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Note 2: This test method is equivalent to ISO 8296.  
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4.1 This practice provides a uniform procedure for fabricating glass fiber/thermoset resin ring samples for use as test specimens. Specimens so prepared can be used in Test Methods D2290 and D2344/D2344M.
SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
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Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-Containment Membrane

ABSTRACT
This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) flexible sheeting which is used without mastic, bedding, or coating for construction of concealed water containment membranes that include fountains, pools, planters, shower and safe pans, tile tubs, or similar wet installations where the membrane is inaccessible once the construction is complete. The plastic materials shall meet the inherent viscosity and compound density requirements and shall be subjected to tests that have been selected to be conducted primarily with liquids that simulate the environment to which the membrane will be subjected during actual use. Qualification tests shall be performed wherein the sheeting shall conform to the following physical property requirements: thickness; stress-strain properties such as tensile strength, tensile stress at elongation, and elongation at break; tear resistance; pinholes; microorganism resistance; puncture resistance; indentation resistance; folding resistance; chemical resistance to distilled water, soapy water, or alkali; hydrostatic pressure resistance; shrinkage; and volatile loss.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) flexible sheeting which is used without mastic, bedding, or coating for construction of concealed water-containment-membranes in applications where there is potential for costly secondary damage from water leakage and very long-term reliable performance is essential. Examples are fountains, pools, planters, shower and safe pans, tile tubs, or similar wet installations where the membrane is inaccessible once the construction is complete. Included are requirements for materials and sheeting, test methods, workmanship criteria, and methods of marking.  
1.2 Recycled materials may be used in this product in accordance with the requirements in Section 5.  
1.3 The tests are intended to ensure quality and performance and are not intended for design purposes. Tests have been selected to be conducted primarily with liquids that simulate the environment to which the membrane will be subjected during actual use.  
1.4 This specification does not cover water-containment membranes exposed to ultraviolet light.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    9 pages
    English language
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  • Technical specification
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off