ASTM D1695-07(2019)

Standard Terminology of Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard contains terms, definition of terms, descriptions of terms, nomenclature, and explanations of acronyms and symbols specifically associated with standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications; Subcommittee D01.36 on Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives.  
1.2 This terminology is divided into three classes as follows:    
Section  
Cellulosic Materials and Constituents  
3.1  
Chemical Modifications and Derivatives of Cellulose  
3.2  
Properties of Cellulose and Associated Concepts that are
applicable to both Sections 3.1 and 3.2  
3.3  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2019
• ICS: 01.040.85 - Paper technology (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 85.040 - Pulps
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.36 - Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives

Relations

• Referred By: ASTM D6942-03(2019) - Standard Test Method for Stability of Cellulose Fibers in Alkaline Environments
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D6389-17 - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D5896-96(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Carbohydrate Distribution of Cellulosic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D5012-20 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Materials Used for the Collection and Preservation of Atmospheric Wet Deposition
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D6188-17(2022) - Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Cellulose by Cuprammonium Ball Fall
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D6213-17 - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geogrids to Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D16-23 - Standard Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D2270-10(2016) - Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 °C and 100 °C
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E284-22 - Standard Terminology of Appearance
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1695 − 07 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Terminology of
1
Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope alpha-cellulose—(1) Historically, a term used to indicate the
pure, relative undegraded cellulose found in pulps. (2)
1.1 This terminology standard contains terms, definition of
Alpha-cellulosecontentisoftenmeasuredbyTAPPIMethod
terms,descriptionsofterms,nomenclature,andexplanationsof
T203 om-93 where alpha-cellulose is that portion of the
acronyms and symbols specifically associated with standards
pulp which does not dissolve under the test conditions.
under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications; Subcommittee
alpha pulps—see chemical cellulose.
D01.36 on Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives.
araban—a pentosan yielding essentially only arabinose on
1.2 This terminology is divided into three classes as fol-
hydrolysis.
lows:
arabinogalactan—a polysaccharide consisting of arabinose
Section
and galactose units, like the water-soluble polysaccharide of
Cellulosic Materials and Constituents 3.1
Chemical Modifications and Derivatives of Cellulose 3.2
larch.
Properties of Cellulose and Associated Concepts that are
applicable to both Sections 3.1 and 3.2 3.3
arabinose—a pentose that occurs as one of the sugar units in
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
some hemicelluloses.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
arabinomethylglucuronoxylan—a hemicellulose containing
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
arabinose, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid, and xylose groups in
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
its structure.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
beta-cellulose—(1) Historically, a term used to indicate impu-
rities of moderate chain lengths found in pulps, predomi-
2. Referenced Documents
nately degraded cellulose. (2) Beta-cellulose content, as
2.1 The numerous ASTM Standards to which this standard
measured by TAPPI Method T203 om-93, is the pulp
applies are found in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol
fraction soluble in caustic, which precipitates upon acidifi-
06.03.
cation.
2
2.2 TAPPI Standards:
carbohydrates not cellulose—the noncellulosic carbohy-
TAPPI Method T203 om-93Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-
drates of a cellulosic material.
Cellulose in Pulp
cellophane pulps—pulps used in the manufacture of
3. Terminology
cellophane, and subject to various specifications by the
3.1 Cellulosic Materials and Constituents
manufacturers, including those of purity, moisture content,
sheet properties, and viscosity.
acetylation pulps—pulpsusedinthemanufactureofcellulose
acetate or other esters, and subject to various specifications
cellulose—(1) the main solid constituent of woody plants; it
by the manufacturers, including those of purity, moisture
occurs widely elsewhere in the vegetable kingdom, and to a
content, sheet properties, and viscosity.
smallextentintheanimalkingdom.(2)chemically,cellulose
is β-1-4 glucan of high degree of polymerization. It is
1 desirable to apply “cellulose” to this material only and to
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of designate the predominantly cellulosic residue obtained by
Subcommittee D01.36 on Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives.
subjecting woody tissues to various pulping processes as
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally
“cellulosic residues,” “cellulosic pulps,” or the like.
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1695–07 (2012).
DOI: 10.1520/D1695-07R19.
2
cellulose I—the crystalline modification of cellulose that
Available from TechnicalAssociation of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI),
15 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA 30092, http://www.tappi.org. normally occurs in nature.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D1695 − 07 (2019)
cellulose II—the crystalline modification of cellulose that is glucan—a macromolecular substance that can be hydrolyzed
found in mercerized cellulose, in regenerated
...