ASTM C71-12(2018)

Standard Terminology Relating to Refractories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This terminology ensures that terms peculiar to refractories are adequately defined so that other standards in which such terms are used can be understood and interpreted properly.  
3.2 This terminology is useful to those who are not conversant with the terms related to refractories. However, it is also a ready reference for those directly associated with refractories to resolve differences and ensure commonality of usage, particularly in the preparation of ASTM standards.  
3.3 Although this terminology is intended to promote uniformity in the usage of terms related to refractories, it can never be complete because new terms are constantly arising. The existence of this terminology does not preclude the use or misuse of any term in another context.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms particularly related to refractories and encompasses raw materials, manufacture, finished products, applications, and testing procedures.  
1.2 When any of the definitions in this terminology are quoted or published out of context, editorially insert the limiting phrase “in refractories” after the dash following the term to properly limit the field of application of the term and definition.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2018
• ICS: 01.040.81 - Glass and ceramics industries (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.92 - The Joseph E. Kopanda Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology and Classification

Relations

• Refers: ASTM C492-92(2017) - Standard Test Method for Hydration of Granular Dead-Burned Refractory Dolomite
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2017
• Refers: ASTM C492-92(2017)e1 - Standard Test Method for Hydration of Granular Dead-Burned Refractory Dolomite
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2017
• Refers: ASTM C456-18 - Standard Test Method for Hydration Resistance of Basic Bricks and Shapes
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2018
• Refers: ASTM C181-11(2018) - Standard Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018
• Refers: ASTM C860-15 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Consistency of Refractory Castable Using the Ball-In-Hand Test
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2015
• Refers: ASTM C860-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Consistency of Refractory Castable Using the Ball-In-Hand Test
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E1602-03(2017) - Standard Guide for Construction of Solid Fuel Burning Masonry Heaters
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018
• Referred By: ASTM C455-07(2022) - Standard Classification of Chrome, Chrome-Magnesia, Magnesia-Chrome, and Magnesia Brick
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018
• Referred By: ASTM C1548-02(2020) - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio of Refractory Materials by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018
• Referred By: ASTM C1656-13(2023) - Standard Guide for Measuring the Reactivity of Hydraulic Refractory Castables Using Exothermic Profile
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018
• Referred By: ASTM C892-19 - Standard Specification for High-Temperature Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018
• Referred By: ASTM C24-09(2022) - Standard Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018
• Referred By: ASTM C1445-13(2018) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Consistency of Castable Refractory Using a Flow Table
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018
• Referred By: ASTM C1547-02(2022) - Standard Classification for Fusion-Cast Refractory Blocks and Shapes
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018
• Referred By: ASTM C1685-15(2021) - Standard Specification for Pneumatically Applied High-Temperature Fiber Thermal Insulation for Industrial Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C71 − 12 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C71; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This terminology covers terms particularly related to 3.1 This terminology ensures that terms peculiar to refrac-
refractories and encompasses raw materials, manufacture, tories are adequately defined so that other standards in which
finished products, applications, and testing procedures. such terms are used can be understood and interpreted prop-
erly.
1.2 When any of the definitions in this terminology are
quoted or published out of context, editorially insert the 3.2 This terminology is useful to those who are not conver-
limiting phrase “in refractories” after the dash following the sant with the terms related to refractories. However, it is also a
term to properly limit the field of application of the term and ready reference for those directly associated with refractories
definition. to resolve differences and ensure commonality of usage,
particularly in the preparation of ASTM standards.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.3 Although this terminology is intended to promote uni-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
formity in the usage of terms related to refractories, it can
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
never be complete because new terms are constantly arising.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
The existence of this terminology does not preclude the use or
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
misuse of any term in another context.
4. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4.1 Definitions:
abrasion of refractories, n—wearing away of refractory
C24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of
Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Materials surfaces by the scouring action of moving solids.
C181 Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and
acid refractories, n—see refractories, acid.
High-Alumina Refractory Plastics
alumina-chromia brick, n—a refractory brick, which may be
C401 Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate
burned or unburned, manufactured predominantly of a mix-
Castable Refractories
ture of a high-alumina raw material and chromic oxide
C416 Classification of Silica Refractory Brick
(Cr O ), with the alumina (Al O ) content being 50 % or
2 3 2 3
C456 Test Method for Hydration Resistance of Basic Bricks
greater by weight and with chromic oxide (Cr O ) predomi-
2 3
and Shapes
nating by weight among the other constituent oxides.
C492 Test Method for Hydration of Granular Dead-Burned
Refractory Dolomite
angle of repose, n—the acute angle measured from the
C860 Test Method for Determining the Consistency of horizontal to the slope of a cone-shaped pile of free-flowing
Refractory Castable Using the Ball-In-Hand Test material.
C909 Practice for Dimensions of a Modular Series of Re-
anthracite-coal-base carbon refractory, n—see carbon
fractory Brick and Shapes
refractory, anthracite-coal-base.
basic refractories, n—see refractories, basic.
bat, v—to reject or discard a brick or shape.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.92 The Joseph E.
binder, n—a substance added to a granular material to give it
Kopanda Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology, and Classification.
workability and green or dry strength.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally
approved in 1927. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C71 – 12. DOI:
bloating of refractories, v—substantial swelling produced by
10.1520/C0071-12R18.
2 a heat treatment that causes the formation of a vesicular
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
structure.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. bond fireclay, n—see fireclay, plastic or bond.
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C71 − 12 (2018)
burn, v—the heat treatment to which refractory materials are seaw
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