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ASTM D8054/D8054M-22

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Para-Aramid Flat Yarns

Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Para-Aramid Flat Yarns

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 For application areas such as optical fiber and cable reinforcements, aramid is usually used in a linear – not twisted – form. For designing constructions like this, it is essential to use data based on a specimen without twist applied.  
5.1.1 The modulus and FASE of twisted yarns demonstrate reduced values when compared to p-aramid flat yarns.  
5.1.2 Use Test Method D7269 for testing of twisted p-aramid yarns.  
5.2 The levels of tensile properties obtained when testing aramid yarns are dependent on the age and history of the specimen and on the specific conditions used during the test. Among these conditions are rate of stretching, type of clamps, gauge length of specimen, temperature and humidity of the atmosphere, rate of airflow across the specimen, and temperature and moisture content of the specimen. Testing conditions accordingly are specified precisely to obtain reproducible test results on a specific sample.  
5.3 FASE (Force At Specified Elongation) describes the absolute resistance of the p-aramid flat yarn to an imposed elongation.  
5.4 Modulus is a measure of resistance of yarn or cord to extension as a force is applied. It is useful for estimating the response of a textile reinforced structure to the application of varying forces and rates of stretching. Although modulus may be determined at any specified force, initial modulus is the value most commonly used.  
5.5 Shape, size, and internal construction of the end-product can have appreciable effect on product performance. It is not possible, therefore, to evaluate the performance of end product in terms of the reinforcing material alone.  
5.6 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from ...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the tensile testing of para-aramid flat yarns. The methods include testing procedure only and include no specifications or tolerances.  
1.2 This standard includes the following test methods:    
Section  
Linear Density  
10  
Force at Specified Elongation (FASE)  
11  
Modulus  
11  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2022
ICS
49.025.60 - Textiles
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.19 - Industrial Fibers and Metallic Reinforcements
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D1776/D1776M-20 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
Effective Date
01-Feb-2020

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ASTM D8054/D8054M-22 - Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Para-Aramid Flat YarnsASTM D8054/D8054M-22 - Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Para-Aramid Flat Yarns
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8054/D8054M − 22
Standard Test Methods for
1
Tensile Testing of Para-Aramid Flat Yarns
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8054/D8054M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
D3800 Test Method for Density of High-Modulus Fibers
1.1 These test methods cover the tensile testing of para-
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
aramid flat yarns. The methods include testing procedure only
Related Properties of Textiles
and include no specifications or tolerances.
D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose
1.2 This standard includes the following test methods:
Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
Section
D6587 Test Method for Yarn Number Using Automatic
Linear Density 10
Tester
Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) 11
Modulus 11 D7269 Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Aramid Yarns
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
ASTM Test Methods
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
used independently of the other, and values from the two
3. Terminology
systems shall not be combined.
3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
elongation, flat yarn, force at specified elongation (FASE),
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
force-elongation curve, modulus.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2 For definitions of terms related to industrial fibers and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
metallic reinforcements, see Terminology D6477.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.3 For definitions of terms related to force and deformation
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
in textiles, refer to Terminology D4848.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.4 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Terminology D123.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Summary of Test Methods
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Using various test methods and protocols identified in
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the procedures, this standard determines the tensile strength,
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
forceatspecifiedelonation(FASE),lineardensityandmodulus
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
of para-aramid flat yarns.
D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Tex-
tiles 5. Significance and Use
D1907/D1907M Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn
5.1 For application areas such as optical fiber and cable
(Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
reinforcements, aramid is usually used in a linear – not twisted
– form. For designing constructions like this, it is essential to
1
use data based on a specimen without twist applied.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial
5.1.1 The modulus and FASE of twisted yarns demonstrate
Fibers and Metallic Reinforcements.
reduced values when compared to p-aramid flat yarns.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. DOI:
5.1.2 Use Test Method D7269 for testing of twisted
10.1520/D8054_D8054M-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or p-aramid yarns.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2 The levels of tensile properties obtained when testing
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. aramid yarns are dependent on the age and history of the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8054/D8054M − 22
specimen and on the specific conditions used during the test. breaks.The clamps shall maintain constant gripping conditions
Among the
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8054/D8054M − 16 D8054/D8054M − 22
Standard Test Methods for
1
Tensile Testing of Para-Aramid Flat Yarns
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8054/D8054M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the tensile testing of para-aramid flat yarns. The methods include testing procedure only and include
no specifications or tolerances.
1.1.1 This standard includes procedures used to measure force at specified elongation (FASE) of para-aramid flat yarns.
1.1.2 This standard includes procedures used to measure linear density of para-aramid flat yarns.
1.1.3 This standard includes procedures to determine modulus of para-aramid flat yarns.
1.2 This standard includes the following test methods:
Section
Linear Density 10
Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) 11
Modulus 11
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D1907/D1907M Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers and
Metallic Reinforcements.
Current edition approved July 1, 2016Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2016November 2022. DOI: 10.1520/D8054_D8054M-16.10.1520/D8054_D8054M-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8054/D8054M − 22
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
D3800 Test Method for Density of High-Modulus Fibers
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles
D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
D6587 Test Method for Yarn Number Using Automatic Tester
D7269 Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Aramid Yarns
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 flat yarn, n—continuous filament yarns which, when removed from processing package are fully drawn, without twist and
untextured.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
Flat yarn is either extruded in this form or it could be made as a slit cut structure with no additional processing modifying the
extension direction of the individual elements (for example, filaments) in the yarn.
3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: modulus, elongation, flat yarn, force at specified elongation (FASE),
force-elongation curve.curve, modulus.
3.2 For definitions of terms related to industrial fibers and metallic reinforcements, see Terminology D6477.
3.3 For definitions of terms related to force and deformation in textiles, refer to Terminology D4848.
3.4 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 Using v
...

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1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by waiving a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown in brackets, except that when A480M is specified, Annex A3 shall apply for the dimensional tolerances and not the bracketed SI values in Annex A2. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This specification and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished in inch-pound units.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2552-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Assessing the Environmental and Human Health Impacts of New Compounds for Military Use

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a logical, tiered approach in the development of environmental health criteria coincident with level and effort in the research, development, testing, and evaluation of new materials for military use. Various levels of uncertainty are associated with data collected from previous stages. Following the recommendation in the guide should reduce the relative uncertainty of the data collected at each developmental stage. At each stage, a general weight of evidence qualifier shall accompany each exposure/effect relationship. They may be simple (for example, low, medium, or high confidence) or sophisticated using a numerical value for each predictor as a multiplier to ascertain relative confidence in each step of risk characterization. The specific method used will depend on the stage of development, quantity and availability of data, variation in the measurement, and general knowledge of the dataset. Since specific formulations, conditions, and use scenarios may not be known until the later stages, exposure estimates can be determined when practical (for example, Engineering and Manufacturing Development; see 6.6). Exposure data can then be used with other toxicological data collected from previous stages in a quantitative risk assessment to determine the relative degree of hazard.  
5.2 Data developed from the use of this guide are designed to be consistent with criteria required in weapons and weapons system development (for example, programmatic environment, safety and occupational health evaluations, environmental assessments/environmental impact statements, toxicity clearances, and technical data sheets).  
5.3 Information shall be evaluated in a flexible manner consistent with the needs of the authorizing program. This requires proper characterization of the current problem. For example, compounds may be ranked relative to the environmental criteria of the prospective alternatives, the replacement compound, and within bo...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to determine the relative environmental influence of new substances, consistent with the research and development (R&D) level of effort and is intended to be applied in a logical, tiered manner that parallels both the available funding and the stage of research, development, testing, and evaluation. Specifically, conservative assumptions, relationships, and models are recommended early in the research stage, and as the technology is matured, empirical data will be developed and used. Munition constituents are included and may include propellants, oxidizers, explosives, binders, stabilizers, metals, dyes, and other compounds used in the formulation to produce a desired effect. Munition systems range from projectiles, grenades, rockets/missiles, training simulators, to smokes and obscurants. Given the complexity of issues involved in the assessment of environmental fate and effects and the diversity of the systems used, this guide is broad in scope and not intended to address every factor that may be important in an environmental context. Rather, it is intended to reduce uncertainty at minimal cost by considering the most important factors related to human health and environmental impacts of energetic materials. This guide provides an outline for collecting data useful in a relative ranking procedure to provide the systems scientist with a sound basis for prospectively determining a selection of candidates based on environmental and human health criteria. The general principles in this guide are applicable to substances other than energetics if intended to be used in a similar manner with similar exposure profiles.  
1.2 The scope of this guide includes:  
1.2.1 Energetic and other new/novel materials and compositions in all stages of research, development, test and evaluation.  
1.2.2 Environmental assessment, including:
1.2.2.1 Human and ecological effects of the unexploded energetics and ...

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ASTM
ASTM D8042-18(2023)(Test Method)
Test Method for Shrinkage Temperature of Wet Blue and Wet White

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to determine the temperature at which the Wet Blue or Wet White specimen experiences shrinkage. In this test method, shrinkage occurs as a result of hydrothermal denaturation of the collagen protein molecules which make up the fiber structure of the Wet Blue or Wet White. The shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is influenced by many different factors, most of which appear to affect the number and nature of crosslinking interactions between adjacent polypeptide chains of the collagen protein molecules. The value of the shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is commonly used as an indicator of the type of tannage or the degree of tannage, or both, of that particular Wet Blue or Wet White (especially for the more hydrothermally stable tannages such as chrome tannage).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shrinkage temperature of all types of Wet Blue and Wet White. The heating medium is water when the shrinkage temperature is at or below 98 °C. The heating medium is a glycerine-water solution when the shrinkage temperature is above 98 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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