ASTM D445-04e2
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, ν, of liquid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, η, can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, ν, by the density, ρ, of the liquid.
Note 1—For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity of bitumens, see also Test Methods D 2170 and D 2171.
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, have been included.
1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test method is from 0.2 to 300 000 mm2/s (see ) at all temperatures (see and ). The precision has only been determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and temperatures as shown in the footnotes to the precision section.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
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Designation: D 445 – 04 British Standard 2000: Part 71:1990
Designation: 71/1/97
Standard Test Method for
Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids
1
(and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—Repeatability information that was inadvertently duplicated in Section 17 was removed editorially in November
2004.
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Note—The footnote regarding viscosity oils was removed editorially in July 2005.
1. Scope* 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
nation of the kinematic viscosity, n, of liquid petroleum
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a
calibratedglasscapillaryviscometer.Thedynamicviscosity, h,
2. Referenced Documents
can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, n,by
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the density, r, of the liquid.
D 446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass
NOTE 1—For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity
Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
of bitumens, see also Test Methods D 2170 and D 2171.
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent
D 1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application
(Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates
D 1480 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the
(Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pyc-
viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different
nometer
results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary
D 1481 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
diameters.The procedure and precision values for residual fuel
(Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicap-
oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian
illary Pycnometer
behavior, have been included.
D 2162 Test Method for Basic Calibration of Master Vis-
1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test
cometers and Viscosity Oil Standards
2
method is from 0.2 to 300 000 mm /s (see Table A1.1)atall
D 2170 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts
temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been
(Bitumens)
determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and
D 2171 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum
temperaturesasshowninthefootnotestotheprecisionsection.
Capillary Viscometer
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D 6074 Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant
standard.
Base Oils
D 6617 Practice for Laboratory Bias Detection Using
Single Test Result from Standard Material
E1 Specification forASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
2
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 445–03. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Committee. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D445–04
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther- 3.1.4.1 Discussion—For gravity flow under a given hydro-
mometers static head, the pressure head of a liquid is proportional to its
3
2.2 ISO Standards: density, r. For any particular viscometer, the time of flow of a
ISO 3104 Petroleum Products—Transparent and Opaque fixed volume of fluid is directly proportional to its ki
...
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