ASTM E1727-99
(Practice)Standard Practice for Field Collection of Soil Samples for Lead Determination by Atomic Spectrometry Techniques
Standard Practice for Field Collection of Soil Samples for Lead Determination by Atomic Spectrometry Techniques
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the collection of soil samples using coring and scooping methods. Soil samples are collected in a manner that will permit subsequent digestion and determination of lead using laboratory analysis techniques such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS), and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS).
1.2 This practice is not suitable for collection of soil samples from areas that are paved.
1.3 This practice does not address the sampling design criteria (that is, sampling plan that includes the number and location of samples) that are used for risk assessment and other purposes. To provide for valid conclusions, sufficient numbers of samples must be obtained as directed by a sampling plan.
1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: E 1727 – 99
Standard Practice for
Field Collection of Soil Samples for Lead Determination by
Atomic Spectrometry Techniques
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1727; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope sealable rigid walled container or a resealable plastic bag can
be used. The internal volume must be sufficient to hold the
1.1 This practice covers the collection of soil samples using
entire collected sample.
coring and scooping methods. Soil samples are collected in a
manner that will permit subsequent digestion and determina-
3. Summary of Practice
tion of lead using laboratory analysis techniques such as
3.1 Soil samples are collected using coring or scooping
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
methods.
(ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS),
and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
4. Significance and Use
(GFAAS).
4.1 This practice is intended for the collection of soil
1.2 This practice is not suitable for collection of soil
samples in and around buildings and related structures for the
samples from areas that are paved.
subsequent determination of lead concentration, such as de-
1.3 This practice does not address the sampling design
scribed in the HUD Guidelines. This practice may also be
criteria (that is, sampling plan that includes the number and
used to collect soil samples from other environments for lead
location of samples) that are used for risk assessment and other
analysis.
purposes. To provide for valid conclusions, sufficient numbers
4.2 This practice limits soil collection to approximately the
of samples must be obtained as directed by a sampling plan.
top 1.5 cm of soil surface.
1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are
not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.
5. Apparatus and Materials
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.1 Soil Coring Tool, minimum diameter of 2.5 cm, or as
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
agreed upon by the parties requesting and collecting the
information only.
samples, lead-free, for use in coring. The tool shall be capable
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of being forced into hard ground without damage to a depth of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
at least 5 cm (2 in.) and have a mechanism to remove the core
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
from the tool to permit discarding all but the top 1.5 cm (0.6
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
in.) of the soil core (see Note 1).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—A number of devices can be used or modified for use as soil
2. Terminology
coring tools. For example: professional stainless steel coring tools
equipped with plastic liners, steel pipe, plastic pipe, or small sapling (tree)
2.1 Definitions:
planters. Removal of the soil core is generally performed using a pair of
2.1.1 sampling location—a specific area within a sampling
plungers cut to fit the inside diameter of the coring device. One plunger is
site that is subjected to sample collection. Multiple sampling
equipped with a stop that limits extension of the plunger to within 1.5 cm
locations are commonly designated for a single sampling site.
from the far end of the coring tool. It is used to remove all except the top
2.1.2 sampling site—a local geographical area that contains
1.5 cm of the soil core from the coring tool. The other plunger (without a
the sampling locations. A sampling site is generally limited to
stop) is used to remove the remaining 1.5 cm of the soil core from the
coring tool. The coring procedure in this practice assumes the coring tool
an area that is easily covered by walking.
has been equipped with these two types of plungers.
2.1.3 soil collection container—a container for holding and
transporting the soil sample from the field to the laboratory. A
5.2 Plastic Centrifuge Tubes, for use in scooping; 50 mL
with tight fitting cap. These tubes are not prohibited from
serving as soil collection containers.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-6 on Performance
of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.23 on Lead Paint
Abatement.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1999. Published March 2000. Originally Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Paint Hazards in
published as ES 29 – 94. Last previous edition E 1727 – 95. Housing, U.S. Department of HUD, Washington, DC, June 1995.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 1727
5.3 Spoon, lead-free, for use in scooping. 6.1.4 Twist and snap the coring tool to one side and
carefully remove the tool from the ground while retaining the
5.4 Plastic Bags, for use as soil collection containers;
soil core in the tool.
approximately 1 L or 4 L (1 qt or 1 gal) resealable plastic bags.
6.1.5 Insert a clean plunger (with stop) into the top end of
5.5 Steel or Plastic Measuring Tape.
the liner. (The bottom end is indicated by the arrow head drawn
5.6 Plastic Gloves, powderless.
on the tool. The top end is the opposite opening.) Push out all
5.7 Permanent Ink Marker.
but 1.5 cm of the soil core from the tool with the plunger. Using
5.8 Wipe—Disposable towelettes moistened with a wetting
a gloved finger, wipe off the excess soil protruding from the
agent. This towel is used to clean sampling equipment. Wipe
tool. Discard the soil pushed out of the tool.
brands or sources selected for use shall contain insignificant
6.1.6 Using a clean plunger (without stop), push the remain-
background lead levels. Rinsing with drinking water will also
ing 1.5 cm section of the core sample into a soil collection
assist in cleaning sampling equipment.
container.
6.1.7 Collect two more soil cores within a 0.3 m (1 ft)
6. Procedure for Core Sampling
diameter circle around the first core using the same procedure
6.1 The following procedure is for collection of soils using
described in 6.1.2-6.1.6. Composite these cores into the same
a coring method at a given sample location within a sampling
soil collection container. Label the soil collection container
site. Coring methods are effective for collection from dense,
with sufficient information to uniquely identify the sample.
hard, or sticky soils. Coring methods are not intended for
Discard the gloves in the trash bag after all three cores have
collection of loose, sandy soils (see Note 2).
been collected and composited.
6.1.8 Don a pair of clean, powderless, plastic gloves. Clean
NOTE 2—Coring methods are more effective than scooping methods for
the coring tool and plungers using wipes or drinking water until
the collection of reproducible replicate samples. Coring methods have the
visibly clean after each use. Discard the wipes and gloves in a
advantage of sampling a reproducible cross-sectional area and depth.
trash bag.
6.1.1 Don a pair of clean, powderless, plastic gloves (see
Note 3).
7. Procedure for Scoop Sampling
NOTE 3—Lead contamination problems during field sampling can be
7.1 The following procedures are for collection of soils
severe and can affect soil analysis results. Contamination can be mini-
using scoop sampling methods. For scoop
...
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