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ASTM D2196-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer

Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Test Method A is used for determining the apparent viscosity at a given rotational speed, although viscosities at two or more speeds give better characterization of a non-Newtonian material than does a single viscosity measurement.
With Test Methods B and C, the extent of shear thinning is indicated by the drop in viscosity with increasing viscometer speed. The degree of thixotropy is indicated by comparison of viscosities at increasing and decreasing viscometer speeds (Test Method B), viscosity recovery (Test Method B), or viscosities before and after high shear (combination of Test Methods B and C). The high-shear treatment in Test Method C approximates shearing during paint application. The viscosity behavior measured after high shear is indicative of the characteristics of the paint soon after application.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic properties of non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range from 0.1 to 50 s1.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2005
ICS
17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.24 - Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2196-99 - Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D2196-10 - Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Referred By
ASTM D6083/D6083M-21 - Standard Specification for Liquid-Applied Acrylic Coating Used in Roofing
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D1200-23 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4143-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Latex Vehicles
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM F2118-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Constant Amplitude of Force Controlled Fatigue Testing of Acrylic Bone Cement Materials
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D2243-20 - Standard Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5324-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4733-17 - Standard Test Methods for Solventless Electrical Insulating Varnishes
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM F1607-95(2018) - Standard Guide for Reporting of Test Performance Data for Oil Spill Response Pumps
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM C461-23 - Standard Test Methods for Mastics and Coatings Used With Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM C647-19 - Standard Guide to Properties and Tests of Mastics and Coating Finishes for Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5125-10(2020)e1 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Paints and Related Materials by ISO Flow Cups
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4400-18 - Standard Test Method for Sag Resistance of Paints Using a Multinotch Applicator
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005

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ASTM D2196-05 - Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) ViscometerASTM D2196-05 - Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer
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ASTM D2196-05 - Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2196 – 05
Standard Test Methods for
Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by
1
Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the 4.1 Test Method A is used for determining the apparent
apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic viscosityatagivenrotationalspeed,althoughviscositiesattwo
properties of non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range ormorespeedsgivebettercharacterizationofanon-Newtonian
−1
from 0.1 to 50 s . material than does a single viscosity measurement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 4.2 WithTestMethodsBandC,theextentofshearthinning
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information isindicatedbythedropinviscositywithincreasingviscometer
only. speed. The degree of thixotropy is indicated by comparison of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety viscosities at increasing and decreasing viscometer speeds
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility (Test Method B), viscosity recovery (Test Method B), or
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and viscosities before and after high shear (combination of Test
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory Methods B and C).The high-shear treatment inTest Method C
limitations prior to use. approximates shearing during paint application. The viscosity
behavior measured after high shear is indicative of the char-
2. Referenced Documents
acteristics of the paint soon after application.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Apparatus
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
5.1 Rotational-type viscometers having at least four speeds,
3. Summary of Test Method
such as:
3.1 Test Method A consists of determining the apparent 5.1.1 Brookfield Dial-Reading (Analog) Viscometer, or
viscosity of coatings and related materials by measuring the
equivalent having multiple rotational speeds with set of
torque on a spindle rotating at a constant speed in the material. spindles; or
3.2 Test Methods B and C consist of determining the shear
5.1.2 Brookfield Digital Viscometer, or equivalent having
thinning and thixotropic (time-dependent) rheological proper- multiple rotational speeds, with set of spindles.
3
ties of the materials. The viscosities of these materials are
5.2 Thermometer—ASTM thermometer having a range
determined at a series of prescribed speeds of a rotational-type from 20 to 70°C and conforming to the requirements for
viscometer. The agitation of the material immediately preced-
Thermometer 49C as prescribed in Specification E1.
3
ing the viscosity measurements is carefully controlled. 5.3 Containers, round 0.5-L (1-pt) can, 85 mm (3 ⁄8 in.) in
diameter, or 1-L (1-qt) can, 100 mm (4 in.) in diameter.
5.4 Shaker, or equivalent machine capable of vigorously
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
shaking the test specimen.
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and
6. Materials
Paint Materials.
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally
6.1 Standard Oils, calibratedinabsoluteviscosity,millipas-
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D2196–99. DOI:
cal seconds.
10.1520/D2196-05.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
7. Calibration of Apparatus
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
7.1 Select at least two standard oils of viscosities differing
the ASTM website.
by at least 0.5 Pa·s (5P) within the viscosity range of the
3
Pierce, P. E., “Measurement of Rheology of Thixotropic Organic Coatings and
material being measured and in the range of the viscometer.
Resins with the Brookfield Viscometer,” Journal of Paint Technology, Vol 43, No.
557, 1971, pp. 35–43. Condition the oils as closely as possible to 25.0°C (or other
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2196 – 05
TABLE 2 Viscosity Variation of Cannon Viscosity Standards
agreed-upon temperature) for1hina 0.5-
...

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ASTM D4212-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity Cups

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Viscosity is a measure of the fluidity of a material. Viscosity data are useful in the determination of the ease of stirring, pumping, dip coating, or other flow-related properties of paints and related fluids.  
5.2 This type of cup is used to measure viscosity because it is easy to use, robust, and may be used in tanks, reservoirs, and reactors.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of viscosity of paints, varnishes, lacquers, inks, and related liquid materials by dip-type viscosity cups. This test method is recommended for viscosity control work within one plant or laboratory and should be used to check compliance with specifications only when sufficient controls have been instituted to ensure adequate comparability of results.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D8263/D8263M-23(Test Method)
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the change in mass of a rolled erosion control product when specimens are submerged in water for a prescribed period of time. The change in mass is reported as a percentage of the original dry mass of the specimen.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [given in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.2.1 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbf) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for t...

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