prEN 13001-3-7
(Main)Cranes - General design - Part 3-7: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery - Gears and gear boxes
Cranes - General design - Part 3-7: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery - Gears and gear boxes
This document is due to be used together with EN 13001-1 and EN 13001-2 and as such they specify general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent by design and theoretical verification, mechanical hazards in gear components of cranes.
This document covers the following types of gears and adjoining components, used in mechanisms for any principal movement of a crane:
- cylindrical helical and spur gears and bevel gears, with involute profile geometry;
- gears arranged in enclosed housings or as open gears;
- gears made from steel or iron and gear boxes made from steel, iron or aluminium;
- gears and pinions with lubrication;
- gear boxes and single gear arrangements with bearings and shafts supporting the gears.
The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. Clauses 4 to 7 of this document are necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with the following hazards:
- exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue);
- exceeding temperature limits of material.
This document is applicable to cranes, which are manufactured after the date of approval of this document by CEN, and serves as a reference base for product standards of particular crane types.
Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 3-7: Grenzzustände und Sicherheitsnachweise für Maschinenbauteile - Verzahnungen und Getriebe
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 3-7 : États limites et vérification d'aptitude des éléments de mécanismes - Engrenages et réducteurs
Le présent document doit être utilisé conjointement avec l'EN 13001-1 et l'EN 13001-2 qui ce cadre, spécifient les conditions générales, les prescriptions et les méthodes visant à prévenir les risques mécaniques liés aux engrenages des appareils de levage à charge suspendue par la conception et la vérification théorique.Le présent document couvre les types d'engrenages suivants et de composants adjacents, utilisés dans les mécanismes destinés à tout mouvement principal d'un appareil de levage à charge suspendue :
- engrenages cylindriques à dentures doites ou hélicoïdale,, à denture en développante de cercle et engrenags coniques ;
- engrenages disposés sous carters fermés ou en tant qu'engrenages nus ;
- engrenages en acier ou en fer et carters en acier, en fer ou en aluminium ;
- engrenages et pignons avec lubrification ;
- réducteurs/boite à engrenages et arrangements d'engrenages simples dans lesquels les paliers et les arbres supportent les roues dentées.
Une liste des situations dangereuses et événements dangereux significatifs susceptibles de mettre en danger la vie des personnes lors d'une utilisation normale ou d'une mauvaise utilisation prévisible de l'appareil de levage à charge suspendue est donnée ci-dessous. Les Articles 4 à 7 du présent document sont nécessaires à la réduction ou à l'élimination des risques liés aux dangers ci-dessous :
- dépassement des limites de résistance (limite d'élasticité, résistance à la traction, fatigue) ;
- dépassement des limites de température du matériau.
Le présent document s'applique aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue construits après la date d'approbation par le CEN du présent document, et sert de référence pour les normes produit des types particuliers d'appareils de levage à charge suspendue.
Žerjavi - Konstrukcija, splošno - 3-7. del: Mejna stanja in dokaz varnosti mehanizma - Zobniki in menjalniki
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2019
Žerjavi - Konstrukcija, splošno - 3-7. del: Mejna stanja in dokaz varnosti
mehanizma - Zobniki in menjalniki
Cranes - General design - Part 3-7: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery -
Gears and gear boxes
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 3-7 : États
limites et vérification d'aptitude des éléments de mécanismes - Engrenages et
réducteurs
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13001-3-7
ICS:
21.200 Gonila Gears
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2019
ICS 21.200; 53.020.20
English Version
Cranes - General design - Part 3-7: Limit states and proof
of competence of machinery - Gears and gear boxes
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception
générale - Partie 3-7 : États limites et vérification
d'aptitude des éléments de mécanismes - Engrenages
et réducteurs
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 147.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13001-3-7:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations . 10
4 General requirements . 10
4.1 Gear materials and associated heat treatment . 10
4.1.1 General requirements on materials . 10
4.1.2 Impact toughness of gears . 11
4.1.3 Nitrited steels . 12
4.1.4 Ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons, ADI . 12
4.2 Gear housings . 12
4.3 Open gears . 13
4.4 Gear geometry/tolerances . 13
4.5 Surface quality of gears . 13
4.6 Mounting of shaft, gears and gear boxes. 13
4.7 Lubrication of gears . 14
4.8 Exchange of information. 14
5 Load actions . 14
5.1 General . 14
5.2 Load effects depending on brake torques . 15
5.3 Load actions on gears for vertical movements . 15
5.3.1 General . 15
5.3.2 Emergency cut-out, vertical movements . 15
5.3.3 Loads due to dynamic cut-off of hoisting movement by lifting force limiters . 16
5.3.4 Snag load . 17
5.3.5 Loads caused by apprehended failure of mechanism or component . 17
5.4 Load action on gears for horizontal movements . 18
5.4.1 General . 18
5.4.2 Buffer forces . 19
5.4.3 Emergency cut-out, horizontal movements . 19
5.5 Methods to derive gear torque and forces . 20
6 Proof of static and fatigue strength of gears. 20
6.1 General . 20
6.2 Application of principles of the EN 13001 series . 21
6.3 Gears for vertical movements. 22
6.3.1 Application of load class Q of EN 13001-1 . 22
6.3.2 Load actions and their numbers of occurrences . 23
6.3.3 Considerations regarding particular applications . 24
6.3.4 Fatigue of a gear under variable loading . 24
6.3.5 Proof of static and fatigue strength . 25
6.4 Gears for horizontal movements . 26
6.4.1 Application of load class Q of EN 13001-1 . 26
6.4.2 Load actions and their numbers of cycles. 27
6.4.3 Considerations regarding particular applications . 28
6.4.4 Fatigue of a gear under variable loading . 28
6.4.5 Proof of static and fatigue strength . 29
7 Proof of competence of bearings and shafts . 30
7.1 General . 30
7.2 Proof of competence of static strength . 30
7.3 Proof of competence of fatigue strength . 31
Annex A (informative) Heat treatment of gears . 32
A.1 Quenched and tempered steels . 32
A.2 Case hardened steels . 32
A.3 Induction and flame hardened gears. 33
Annex B (informative) Risk coefficients for gears . 35
Annex C (informative) Use of a same hoisting gear in different A-/U-/Q-classes . 36
Annex D (informative) Information to be provided by the gear manufacturer . 37
Annex E (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application . 38
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 40
Bibliography . 41
European foreword
This document (prEN 13001-3-7:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147
“Cranes – Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
This document is one part of the EN 13001 series. The other parts are as follows:
— Cranes — General design — Part 1: General principles and requirements;
— Crane safety — General design — Part 2: Load actions;
— Cranes — General Design — Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence of steel structure;
— Cranes — General design — Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving
systems;
— Cranes — General design — Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts;
— Cranes — General design — Part 3-4: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery — Bearings;
— Cranes — General design — Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of competence of forged hooks;
— Cranes — General design — Part 3-6: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery — Hydraulic
cylinders;
— Cranes — General design — Part 3-8: Limit states and proof competence of machinery — Shafts
[Enquiry stage].
For the relationship with other European Standards for cranes, see Annex E.
Introduction
This European Standard has been prepared to provide a means for the mechanical design and
theoretical verification of cranes to conform to essential health and safety requirements. This European
Standard also establishes interfaces between the user (purchaser) and the designer, as well as between
the designer and the component manufacturer, in order to form a basis for selecting c
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