prEN 17128-1

• Abstract:

  This document provides specific safety requirements for the design and use of personal light electric vehicles totally or partially electrically powered from self-contained power sources for domestic and commercial use.; This document applies to personal light electric vehicles with maximum speed up to 25 km/h.; This document applies to personal light electric vehicles without self-balancing system totally or partially electrically powered from self-contained power sources having battery voltages up to 100 VDC, with or without an integrated battery charger with up to a 240 VAC input.; This document specifies safety requirements, test methods, marking and information relating to personal light electric vehicles to reduce the risk of injuries to both third parties and the user during intended use, i.e. when used as intended and under conditions of misuse that are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.; This document provides specific prescription to assess the safety of personal light electric vehicles intended for leisure activities.; This document provides a recommended method to assess the performance of personal light electric vehicles totally or partially electrically on: total run time (battery run time).; This document does not apply to:; — vehicles that are considered as toys;; — vehicles with self-balancing system;; — vehicles with seating position;; — vehicles without handle bar;; — vehicles intended for competition;; — electrically powered assisted cycles (EPAC);; — vehicles and/or devices intend for use for medical care;; — electric vehicles having a maximum design speed above 25 km/h;; — vehicles having a rated voltage of more than 100 VDC or 240 VAC;; — vehicles without an on-board driving operator;; — vehicles intended for the transport of goods and other services.; NOTE 1 See D.2.; NOTE 2 The local regulation could limit the use of the vehicle to a speed lower than 25 km/h.

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 17-Dec-2026
• ICS: 43.120 - Electric road vehicles
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 354 - Ride-on, motorized vehicles intended for the transportation of persons and goods and not intended for use on public roads - Safety requirements
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 354/WG 4 - Light electric vehicles and self-balancing vehicles
• Current Stage: 4060 - Closure of enquiry - Enquiry
• Start Date: 24-Sep-2026
• Due Date: 26-Feb-2025
• Completion Date: 24-Sep-2026
• Directive: 2014/30/EU - Directive 2014/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility (recast)
• Directive:

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  2023/1230 - Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2023 on machinery and repealing Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Directive 73/361/EEC (Text with EEA relevance)
• Directive:

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  2023/1230 - Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2023 on machinery and repealing Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Directive 73/361/EEC (Text with EEA relevance)
• Directive:

  ---

  2023/1230 - Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2023 on machinery and repealing Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Directive 73/361/EEC (Text with EEA relevance)
• Directive:

  ---

  2023/1230 - Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2023 on machinery and repealing Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Directive 73/361/EEC (Text with EEA relevance)
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Mandate: M/552 - [C(2016) 7641 final] Standardisation request as regards harmonised standards in support of Directive 2014/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility
• Mandate: M/605 - COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 20.1.2025 on a standardisation request to the European Committee for Standardization and to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization as regards machinery and related products in support of Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 of the European Parliament and of the Council
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN 17128-1:2026 - Light motorized vehicles for the transportation of persons and goods and related facilities and not subject to type-approval for on-road use - Personal light electric vehicles (PLEV) without self-balancing system and with handlebar - Part 1: Safety requirements and test methods

• Revises: EN 17128:2020 - Light motorized vehicles for the transportation of persons and goods and related facilities and not subject to type-approval for on-road use - Personal light electric vehicles (PLEV) - Requirements and test methods
• Effective Date: 07-Feb-2024

prEN 17128-1 is a draft European Standard from CEN for personal light electric vehicles (PLEV) without self-balancing system and with handlebar. It specifies safety requirements, test methods, marking and information for vehicles up to 25 km/h that are powered wholly or partly from self-contained sources, for domestic and commercial use. The document is intended for manufacturers, test laboratories, regulators and others who need a common basis for design, verification and market surveillance.

What does prEN 17128-1 specify?

prEN 17128-1 covers the safety of PLEV during intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. It also gives a recommended method for assessing total run time (battery run time), and it includes specific prescriptions for vehicles intended for leisure activities.

The scope is limited to PLEV without self-balancing system, with battery voltages up to 100 VDC, and with or without an integrated battery charger with up to a 240 VAC input. The document is written to reduce injury risk for both the user and third parties.

It does not apply to toy vehicles, self-balancing vehicles, vehicles with a seating position, vehicles without a handlebar, competition vehicles, EPAC, vehicles and/or devices intended for medical care, vehicles above 25 km/h design speed, vehicles above 100 VDC or 240 VAC, vehicles without an on-board driving operator, or vehicles intended for transport of goods and other services.

The document is organized into scope, normative references, terms and definitions, safety requirements, verification/test methods, and information for use. Its annexes cover the noise test code, the rationale for power limit versus speed limitation, cyber-related mapping, parking devices and brakes, the rationale, and the link to Regulation (EU) 2023/1230.

Annex	What it covers
C	Noise test code, measurement, calculation and reporting
D	Rationale for power limit vs speed limitation
E	Mapping between machinery requirements and cyber requirements from external standards
F	Types of parking devices and brakes
G	Rationale for selected safety topics
ZA	Relationship with Regulation (EU) 2023/1230

What are the key requirements of prEN 17128-1?

prEN 17128-1 combines design requirements with verification methods. In practice, it tells a manufacturer what to build in, what to test, and what to tell the user.

Overall design and electrical safety

Clause 4.1 requires the PLEV to meet the safety requirements in the document and to follow EN ISO 12100:2010 for residual hazards not specifically covered. For vehicles delivered in parts, the document limits assembly to a maximum of three separate parts and requires tools plus assembly instructions with text, diagrams and clamping force. That matters because the user or dealer must be able to assemble the vehicle without creating hidden safety faults.

Clause 4.2 covers electrical requirements, including protection against access to live parts, heating, abnormal operation, internal wiring and electrical components. Clause 4.3 covers stored energy components, especially battery safety and battery removal. In practice, this means the electrical system, charger interface and battery arrangement must be designed to avoid shock, overheating, wiring damage and unsafe battery handling.

Mechanical safety, riding position and structure

Clause 4.4 requires smooth, rounded external surfaces or protective covers, with a minimum radius of R ≥ 1 mm for hazardous edges. Clause 4.5 addresses moving parts, guarding, folding mechanisms, incomplete deployment and unintentional release of locking mechanisms. Clause 4.6 sets ergonomic requirements for the footrest/deck, handlebar width and height, and braking force application. These points matter because they control pinching, cutting, entrapment and unstable rider posture.

Clause 4.7 covers structural integrity, including crack detection, static load, fatigue, handlebar adjustment system integrity and vibration. Clause 4.8 covers wheel adhesion on slippery surfaces and minimum dimensions. Together, these clauses address breakage, loss of control and poor wheel contact that could lead to a crash.

Braking, steering, stability and speed control

Clause 4.9 sets requirements for the braking system, including braking performance, hand-operated brake strength and parking device performance. Clause 4.10 covers overspeed limitation, acceleration limitation, lower speed mode, maximum speed with power assistance, speed regulator and reverse mode. Clause 4.11 requires the steering to turn at least 45° to either side without stiffness or slackness, and it requires at least 25% of the total mass of the vehicle and rider to act on the front wheel in the stated riding posture. Clause 4.12 covers stability and stands.

These requirements matter because they shape how the vehicle accelerates, turns, stops and remains upright. They are the core controls for everyday rideability and for reducing falls, runaways and loss of steering authority.

Charging, control, visibility, temperature, tampering and maintenance

Clause 4.13 covers the charging system and charging lock. Clause 4.14 addresses protective devices and unauthorized use. Clause 4.15 covers driving power activation, normal stop, power failure of the control system and functional safety of the driving system. Clause 4.16 covers presence awareness through retro-reflectors, front and rear lighting, and audible warning.

Clause 4.17 limits hot surfaces: parts not in continuous contact with the user must be protected from accidental contact when they are above 57 °C, while continuous-contact parts such as grips, footrests and decks have a lower temperature limit in the test. Brake parts that may exceed 60 °C need a durable visible warning. Clause 4.18 addresses anti-tampering, including identification of critical software functions and data, prevention of motor tampering, and detection/recording. Clause 4.19 requires noise risks to be reduced as far as practicable, with noise declared to the user. Clause 4.20 covers maintenance access, isolation of energy sources and driver intervention.

In practice, these clauses support safe charging, safe starting and stopping, visibility in traffic, burn prevention, resistance to modification, and safe servicing.

What terms does prEN 17128-1 define?

• Personal light electric vehicle (PLEV) - A wheeled vehicle partly or totally motorized for transporting one person in public and/or private space.
• Intended use - Use according to the manufacturer’s specification, instructions and other communication.
• Fully-assembled vehicle - A vehicle fitted with all equipment required for intended use.
• Electrical/electronic subassembly (ESA) - An electrical and/or electronic device or assembly, with wiring, that forms an integral part of a vehicle and performs specialized functions.
• Technical Permissible Maximum Mass (TPMM) - The mass in running order plus the maximum payload declared by the manufacturer.
• Mass in Running Order - The unladen mass plus the standard removable batteries and manufacturer-installed equipment needed for normal operation.
• Lower speed mode - A mode that limits speed to up to 6 km/h and can be activated from standstill, if present.
• Overspeed - More than 10% above the maximum designed speed.

Who uses prEN 17128-1?

prEN 17128-1 is used by manufacturers of PLEV, including small, medium and large enterprises, to design products and define safety-related information. It is also used by test laboratories and certification bodies to carry out the required load, braking, vibration, noise and electrical tests.

Health and safety bodies, regulators and market surveillance authorities use it to check whether vehicles and their documentation match the expected safety level. Buyers, fleet operators, maintenance providers and service organisations use it to understand the limits, marking, servicing and user information they need to manage.

What changed in prEN 17128-1 from the previous edition?

prEN 17128-1 will supersede EN 17128:2020.

Which standards are used with prEN 17128-1?

Standard or family	What it contributes
EN ISO 12100:2010	General risk assessment and risk reduction for hazards not covered directly
EN 60204-1:2018	Electrical equipment of machines, including control and power-supply behaviour
EN ISO 13849-1:2023	Safety-related parts of control systems
prEN 50742:2025	Protection against corruption for critical software and data
EN 61851 family	Conductive charging system for electric vehicles
EN 62133 family, EN IEC 62485 family, EN 50604-1:2016	Battery and battery-installation safety
EN 60335-1, EN 60335-2-29, EN IEC 61558-1, EN IEC 61558-2-16, EN IEC 60384-14, HD 60364-5-52	Charger, transformer, capacitor and wiring-system safety
ISO 6742-1 and ISO 6742-2	Lighting and retro-reflective devices
ISO 14878	Audible warning devices
EN ISO 3744:2026	Sound power measurement for the noise annex
EN 60068-2-64 and EN 60068-2-75	Vibration and hammer test methods
EN 22248:1992	Vertical impact test for transport packages

What does the prEN 17128-1 document contain?

prEN 17128-1 contains detailed requirements and matching test methods for structural integrity, dynamic behaviour, folding mechanisms, stability, wheels, braking, speed control, charging, electrical safety, anti-tampering, hot surfaces and noise. Clause 5 gives the verification methods, including sample conditioning, static load, frontal impact, fatigue, braking, speed-control and vibration tests, with figures showing the test setups.

Annex C gives a full noise test code, including measurement positions, operating conditions, calculation and declaration format. Annex F groups parking devices and brake types, which helps designers and test teams choose the right configuration and test path.

The document is used for design review, type testing, conformity assessment and product information. Annex ZA links the standard to Regulation (EU) 2023/1230, so it is also relevant when a manufacturer needs to show how the product design addresses essential machinery safety requirements.

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2026
Lahka motorna vozila za prevoz ljudi in blaga ter s tem povezanih naprav, za
katere ni potrebna homologacija za uporabo v cestnem prometu - Lahka osebna
električna vozila (PLEV) brez samouravnoteževalnega sistema in s krmilom - 1.
del: Varnostne zahteve in preskusne metode
Light motorized vehicles for the transportation of persons and goods and related facilities
and not subject to type-approval for on-road use - Personal light electric vehicles (PLEV)
without self-balancing system and with handlebar - Part 1: Safety requirements and test
methods
Nicht-typzugelassene leicht motorisierte Fahrzeuge für den Transport von Personen und
Gütern und damit verbundene Einrichtungen - Persönliche leichte Elektrofahrzeuge
(PLEV) - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Véhicules électriques légers personnels (VELP) sans système d'auto-équilibrage et avec
guidon - Exigences de sécurité et méthodes d'essai
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17128-1
ICS:
43.120 Električna cestna vozila Electric road vehicles
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2026
ICS 43.120 Will supersede EN 17128:2020
English Version
Light motorized vehicles for the transportation of persons
and goods and related facilities and not subject to type-
approval for on-road use - Personal light electric vehicles
(PLEV) without self-balancing system and with handlebar -
Part 1: Safety requirements and test methods
Véhicules électriques légers personnels (VELP) sans Nicht-typzugelassene leicht motorisierte Fahrzeuge für
système d'auto-équilibrage et avec guidon - Exigences den Transport von Personen und Gütern und damit
de sécurité et méthodes d'essai verbundene Einrichtungen - Persönliche leichte
Elektrofahrzeuge (PLEV) - Anforderungen und
Prüfverfahren
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 354.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2026 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17128-1:2026 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 11
4 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures . 15
4.1 Overall requirements . 15
4.2 Electrical requirements. 16
4.2.1 General . 16
4.2.2 Clause 8: Protection against access to live parts . 16
4.2.3 Clause 11: Heating . 16
4.2.4 Clause 19: Abnormal operation . 16
4.2.5 Clause 23: Internal wiring . 16
4.2.6 Electrical components. 16
4.3 Stored energy components . 19
4.3.1 General . 19
4.3.2 Safety requirements for battery . 19
4.3.3 Safety requirements for release of removal battery on PLEV . 19
4.4 Edges or angles . 19
4.5 Moving parts . 19
4.5.1 Clearance between moving parts . 19
4.5.2 Guarding of moving parts . 19
4.5.3 Folding mechanism . 19
4.5.4 Requirement for incomplete deployment . 20
4.5.5 Requirement for unintentional release of locking mechanism(s) . 20
4.6 Ergonomic (Driving position) . 21
4.6.1 Requirements on footrest/deck . 21
4.6.2 Requirement for handlebar width . 21
4.6.3 Requirement for handlebar height . 21
4.6.4 Requirement for braking force application . 21
4.7 Structural integrity . 21
4.7.1 Crack detection . 21
4.7.2 Static load test . 21
4.7.3 Requirement for dynamic test (Fatigue test) . 22
4.7.4 Requirement for handle-bar adjustment system integrity . 23
4.7.5 Requirements on vibration (MR) . 23
4.8 Wheels . 23
4.8.1 Slippery surface (wheel adhesion) . 23
4.8.2 Minimum dimensions . 23
4.9 Braking system . 23
4.9.1 General requirements . 23
4.9.2 Braking performance . 24
4.9.3 Hand operated braking system – Strength test . 24
4.9.4 Parking device . 24
4.10 Speed control .25
4.10.1 Overspeed limitation .25
4.10.2 Acceleration Limitation .25
4.10.3 Lower speed mode .25
4.10.4 Maximum speed with power assistance .25
4.10.5 Speed regulator (Speed Controller system) .25
4.10.6 Reverse mode .26
4.11 Steering .26
4.12 Stability .26
4.12.1 General – requirements for stands .26
4.12.2 Folded position of stands .26
4.13 Charging system.26
4.13.1 General .26
4.13.2 Charging lock .26
4.14 Protective devices and complementary measures .27
4.14.1 General .27
4.14.2 Unauthorized use of vehicle .27
4.15 Control system .27
4.15.1 General .27
4.15.2 Driving power activation .28
4.15.3 normal stop .28
4.15.4 Power failure of control system (Power supply) .29
4.15.5 Functional safety of the driving system .29
4.16 Presence awareness .30
4.16.1 Retro-reflectors .30
4.16.2 Front and rear lightning .30
4.16.3 Audible warning .30
4.17 Hot surfaces .30
4.18 Anti-tampering system .31
4.18.1 General .31
4.18.2 Identification of critical software functions and data .31
4.18.3 Prevention of tampering of the motor .31
4.18.4 Detection and recordings .31
4.19 Noise requirements .32
4.20 Requirements for maintenance .32
4.20.1 General .32
4.20.2 Access to operating and servicing points .33
4.20.3 Isolation of energy sources .33
4.20.4 Driver’s intervention .33
5 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures
(test methods) .33
5.1 General .33
5.1.1 General conditions .33
5.1.2 Normal climatic conditions .34
5.1.3 Test driver .34
5.1.4 Test surface .34
5.1.5 Test condition tolerances .34
5.2 Test methods to assess structural integrity .35
5.2.1 Numbers and conditioning of samples .35
5.2.2 Crack detection .35
5.2.3 Method to perform Static load test .35
5.2.4 Method to perform Frontal impact resistance test .40
5.2.5 Method to perform Fatigue test (dynamic) . 42
5.3 Dynamic behaviour test . 43
5.4 Moving parts . 45
5.4.1 Folding mechanism Test methods . 45
5.5 Stability test for PLEV with handlebar (from EN 16029) . 45
5.5.1 Static stability . 45
5.5.2 Verification of stand performance . 46
5.5.3 Verification on an inclined surface . 46
5.6 Wheels . 47
5.6.1 Method for slippery surface (wheel adhesion test) . 47
5.7 Braking system . 48
5.7.1 Normal stop performance calculation . 48
5.7.2 Braking performance test method . 48
5.7.3 Electric braking failure compensation test . 50
5.8 Test method for parking device . 50
5.9 Test method for speed control . 50
5.9.1 Overspeed limitation test . 50
5.9.2 Lower speed mode . 51
5.9.3 Maximum speed with power assistance . 52
5.9.4 Reverse mode . 52
5.9.5 Cut off requirements for cruise control (speed regulator) . 53
5.10 Charging system . 53
5.10.1 Charging of batteries . 53
5.10.2 Energy storage within the vehicle . 53
5.10.3 Charging lock . 54
5.11 Test method and procedures for Electrical safety . 54
5.11.1 Electrical components. 54
5.11.2 External and internal electrical connections . 55
5.11.3 Test method to assess Resistance to vibration . 55
5.12 Driving power management . 57
5.12.1 Driving power activation . 57
5.13 Anti-tampering test procedure . 58
5.13.1 General . 58
5.13.2 Legitimate intervention . 58
5.13.3 Illegitimate intervention . 58
5.14 Hot surfaces . 58
5.15 Test method for noise emission . 59
6 Information for use . 59
6.1 General . 59
6.2 Instruction notice . 59
6.2.1 General . 59
6.2.2 Instruction for use and maintenance . 59
6.3 Purchase information . 62
6.3.1 General . 62
6.3.2 Information at point of sale . 62
6.3.3 Information on the packaging . 63
6.4 Minimum marking . 63
6.4.1 General . 63
6.4.2 Warning signs . 64
6.4.3 Information plates. 64
6.4.4 Marking on battery . 64
6.4.5 Marking on wheels . 64
6.4.6 Durability of marking of the frame or chassis .64
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards .65
Annex B (normative) Light, warning device, on-off symbols .66
Annex C (normative) Noise test code .67
C.1 General .67
C.2 Operating and mounting conditions .67
C.3 Test environment .68
C.4 Determination of A-weighted emission sound pressure level.68
C.5 Determining if further measurements are necessary .69
C.6 Determination of the sound power level .69
C.7 Reporting and declaration .70
Annex D (informative) Power limit vs speed limitation .71
D.1 General .71
D.2 Risk-based safety rationale .71
D.3 Operational scenarios .71
D.4 Anti-tampering and compliance .71
D.5 Regulatory alignment .71
D.6 Cross-references .71
Annex E (normative) Mapping between machinery §1.1.9 and §1.2.1 and cyber
requirements from external standards .72
Annex F (normative) Types of parking devices and brakes .74
F.1 Parking devices .74
F.2 Brakes.75
Annex G (informative) Rationale .76
G.1 Design of the machine for handling .76
G.2 Emergency stop .76
G.3 Existing regulations .76
G.4 Protection against access to live parts .76
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 aimed to be covered .78
Bibliography .81
European foreword
This document (prEN 17128-1:2026) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 354 “Light
motorized vehicles for the transportation of persons and goods and related facilities and not subject to
type-approval for on-road use”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 17128:2020.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Introduction
This document has been developed in response to an increased demand throughout Europe for light
electrically powered vehicles of a type which are excluded from the scope of Regulation (EU) No
168/2013.
This has created the possibility to initiate a European standardization work for personal light electric
vehicles. Such standardization will help manufacturers to ensure that safe products are put into the
European market, will give to testing institutes common guidelines to assess the products, will initiate
confidence to users and also be useful to convince member states to apply harmonized rules for the use
of these vehicles with the aim decrease uncertainty due to different national regulation.
This document will not deal with topics like comfort of the user, quality of the product or ergonomic
issues unless there is an impact on the safety of the user.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate in the drafting
process of this document.
The working group will then work on the following parts:
— prEN 17128-1: General requirements (electrical, EMC, marking, information for use)
— prEN 17128-2: Specific requirements for non-self-balancing vehicles with handlebar (electric kick
scooters)
— prEN 17128-3: Specific requirements for non-self-balancing vehicles without handlebar (e-skates, e-
longboards, …)
— prEN 17128-4: Specific requirements for self-balancing vehicles (unicycles, onewheels, etc.)
— prEN 17128-5: Extra requirements for vehicles up to 45 km/h (FastPLEV)
— prEN 17128-6: Extra requirements for professional or intensive use applications (sharing, backpack
delivery…)
— prEN 17128-7: Extra requirements for heavy duty vehicles (CargoPLEV scooters)
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
1 Scope
This document provides specific safety requirements for the design and use of personal light electric
vehicles totally or partially electrically powered from self-contained power sources for domestic and
commercial use.
This document applies to personal light electric vehicles with maximum speed up to 25 km/h.
This document applies to personal light electric vehicles without self-balancing system totally or partially
electrically powered from self-contained power sources having battery voltages up to 100 VDC, with or
without an integrated battery charger with up to a 240 VAC input.
This document specifies safety requirements, test methods, marking and information relating to personal
light electric vehicles to reduce the risk of injuries to both third parties and the user during intended use,
i.e. when used as intended and under conditions of misuse that are reasonably foreseeable by the
manufacturer.
This document provides specific prescription to assess the safety of personal light electric vehicles
intended for leisure activities.
This document provides a recommended method to assess the performance of personal light electric
vehicles totally or partially electrically on: total run time (battery run time).
This document does not apply to:
— vehicles that are considered as toys;
— vehicles with self-balancing system;
— vehicles with seating position;
— vehicles without handle bar;
— vehicles intended for competition;
— electrically powered assisted cycles (EPAC);
— vehicles and/or devices intend for use for medical care;
— electric vehicles having a maximum design speed above 25 km/h;
— vehicles having a rated voltage of more than 100 VDC or 240 VAC;
— vehicles without an on-board driving operator;
— vehicles intended for the transport of goods and other services.
NOTE 1 See D.2.
NOTE 2 The local regulation could limit the use of the vehicle to a speed lower than 25 km/h.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 3744:2026, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure
— Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:2025, including
corrected version 2026-01)
EN 22248:1992, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages — Vertical impact test by dropping (ISO
2248:1985)
EN 60068-2-64:2008, Environmental testing — Part 2-64: Tests — Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random
and guidance (IEC 60068-2-64:2008)
EN 60068-2-75:2014, Environmental testing — Part 2-75: Tests — Test Eh: Hammer tests
(IEC 60068-2-75:2014)
EN 60335-1:2012, Household and similar electrical appliances — Safety — Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60335-1:2010)
EN 60335-2-29:2021, Household and similar electrical appliances — Safety — Part 2-29: Particular
requirements for battery chargers (IEC 60335-2-29:2016)
HD 60364-5-52:2011, Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 5-52: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment — Wiring systems (IEC 60364-5-52:2009)
EN IEC 60384-14:2023, Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment — Part 14: Sectional specification
— Fixed capacitors for electromagnetic interference suppression and connection to the supply mains
(IEC 60384-14:2023)
EN 61140:2016, Protection against electric shock — Common aspects for installation and equipment
(IEC 61140:2016)
EN IEC 61558-1:2019, Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and combinations thereof —
Part 1: General requirements and tests (IEC 61558-1:2017)
EN IEC 61558-2-16:2025, Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and combinations thereof —
Part 2-16: Particular requirements and tests for switch mode power supply units and transformers for switch
mode power supply units for general applications (IEC 61558-2-16:2021, modified)

As impacted by EN 60068-2-64:2008/A1:2019
As impacted by EN 60068-2-75:2014/A1:2015
As impacted by EN 60335-1:2012/AC:2014, EN 60335-1:2012/A11:2014, EN 60335-1:2012/A13:2017,
EN 60335-1:2012/A14:2019, EN 60335-1:2012/A1:2019, EN 60335-1:2012/A2:2019,
EN 60335-1:2012/A15:2021 and EN 60335-1:2012/A16:2023
As impacted by EN 60335-2-29:2021/A1:2021 and EN 60335-2-29:2021/A11:2024
As impacted by HD 60364-5-52:2011/A11:2017, HD 60364-5-52:2011/A12:2022 and
HD 60364-5-52:2011/A1:2025
As impacted by EN IEC 60384-14:2023/AC:2024-11 and EN IEC 60384-14:2023/A1:2025
As impacted by EN IEC 61558-1:2019/AC:2026-01
EN 61851 (all parts), Electric vehicle conductive charging system (IEC 61851, all parts)
EN 60204-1:2018, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General
requirements (IEC 60204-1:2016)
ISO 6742-2:2023, Cycles — Lighting and retro-reflective devices — Part 2: Retro-reflective devices
ISO 14878:2015, Cycles — Audible warning devices — Technical specification and test methods
EN IEC 62485 (all parts), Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations
(IEC 62485, all parts)
EN 62133:2017 (all parts), Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes — Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and for batteries made from them,
for use in portable applications (IEC 62133, all parts)
ISO 6742-1:2023, Cycles — Lighting and retro-reflective devices — Part 1: Lighting and light signalling
devices
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN IEC 60335-1:2023, Household and similar electrical appliances — Safety — Part 1: General
requirements (IEC 60335-1:2020)
EN 50604-1:2016, Secondary lithium batteries for light EV (electric vehicle) applications — Part 1:
General safety requirements and test methods
EN ISO 13849-1:2023, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2023)
prEN 50742:2025, Safety of machinery — Protection against corruption

EN IEC 61851-1:2019 (corrected by EN IEC 61851-1:2019/AC:2023-12)
EN IEC 61851-24:2024 (or EN 61851-24:2014- corrected by EN 61851-24:2014/AC:2015)
EN IEC 61851-21-2:2021 (or EN 61851-21-1:2017- corrected by EN 61851-21-1:2017/AC:2017-11)
EN 61851-23:2014 (corrected by EN 61851-23:2014/AC:2016-06)
EN IEC 61851-25:2021
As impacted by EN 60204-1:2018/A1:2025
EN IEC 62485-1:2018
EN IEC 62485-2:2018
EN IEC 62485-4:2018
EN IEC 62485-5:2021 (corrected by EN IEC 62485-5:2021/AC:2022-07)
EN IEC 62485-6:2021
EN 62133-1:2017
EN 62133-2:2017 (amendment EN 62133-2:2017/A1:2021 corrected by EN 62133-2:2017/A1:2021/AC:2022-01)
As impacted by EN IEC 60335-1:2023/A11:2023
As impacted by EN 50604-1:2016/A1:2021 and EN 50604-1:2016/A2:2025
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
public space
place that is accessible to the public whether it is in the public domain or privately owned
Note 1 to entry: Examples are roads, cycle tracks, sidewalks, public squares, parks, stations, airports
3.2
private space
place that is not accessible to the public
Note 1 to entry: Enclosed or fenced area.
3.3
driving power
electric power enabling the vehicle to move
3.4
personal light electric vehicle
PLEV
wheeled vehicle partially or totally motorized used for the transportation of one person in a public and/or
private space
Note 1 to entry: For the purpose of this standard the word “vehicle(s)” is used.
3.5
intended use
supposed use according to the manufacturer’s specification, instructions and other information including
communication
3.6
fully-assembled vehicle
vehicle fitted with all of the equipment required for its intended use
3.7
direct braking system
system actuated directly by the user (for example, a brake handle or a brake pedal)
3.8
indirect braking system
system actuated without voluntary action by the user (for example, braking activated by a gyroscopic
system or through the detection of obstacles/anomalies)
3.9
parking device
device to maintain the vehicle in a stationary position
3.10
braking device
device to reduce the speed of the vehicle
3.11
locking mechanism
assembly of components consisting of one or more locking device(s) and one or more operating device(s)
3.12
locking device
mechanical component that maintains part(s) of the vehicle erected in the position of use or storage (e.g.
latch(es), hooks, over centre lock.) which could be deactivated or activated by action(s) on the operating
device
3.13
operating device
part of the locking mechanism(s) designed to be activated by the user through one or several positive
action(s)
3.14
folding or unfolding system
mechanism enabling the vehicle to be folded or unfolded in order to change from the configuration of use
(unfolded) to the configuration of storage (folded) and vice versa
3.15
no-load current
current for which there is no torque on the driving wheel
3.16
electromagnetic compatibility
ability of a vehicle or one of its electrical/electronic systems to function satisfactorily in its
electromagnetic environment without producing intolerable electromagnetic disturbance to anything in
that environment
3.17
electroma
...