FprEN 1756-1

Tail lifts - Platform lifts for mounting on wheeled vehicles - Safety requirements - Part 1: Tail lifts for goods

This document specifies safety requirements for design of tail lifts as defined in 3.1 for mounting on wheeled goods vehicles. It also specifies the verification of such tail lifts and the safety information that has to be provided for their use.
This document deals with the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in Clause 4 which can arise during the operation of tail lifts when carried out in accordance with the specifications as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer or his authorized representative.
It applies to tail lifts:
-   used for the purpose of loading and/or unloading such vehicles;
-   intended to be fitted, temporarily or permanently, either inside or on the front, side or rear of the wheeled vehicle;
-   driven either by hand or power operated;
-   equipped with a platform to support loads which comprise goods, an operator, or a combination of the two;
-   with a maximum lifting height not exceeding 3 m above ground when the platform is unloaded;
-   rotary type with a maximum lifting height not exceeding 2 m;
-   used as a link bridge when intended by the manufacturer.
NOTE   A tail lift is not to be confused with a link bridge attached to a loading dock which is included within the definition of a dock leveller and is outside the scope of this document.
Loading and/or unloading operations include the use of a tail lift to lift and/or lower loads.
This document does not establish the additional requirements for:
-   the risk of falling when operating under 2 m height;
-   overloading at vehicle floor level;
-   drive system with lead screw and nuts;
-   operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme environmental conditions such as freezer applications, high temperatures, corrosive environment, tropical environment, contaminating environments, strong magnetic fields);
-   operations subject to special rules (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres);
-   supply by electrical networks and the electrical circuit;
-   power take off part of the system;
-   electromagnetic compatibility (emission-immunity);
-   static electricity problems;
-   handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metal, acids/bases, radiating materials, especially brittle loads);
-   hazards occurring during installation, transportation, decommissioning;
-   hazards occurring when handling suspended loads which can swing freely;
-   requirement related to the use on public roads;
-   wind pressure in and out of use;
-   direct contact with foodstuffs;
-   earthquake;
-   lightning.
This document is not applicable to tail lifts manufactured before the publication of this document.

Hubladebühnen - Plattformlifte für die Anbringung an Radfahrzeugen - Sicherheitsanforderungen - Teil 1: Hubladebühnen für Güter

Dieses Dokument legt die Sicherheitsanforderungen für die Gestaltung von nach 3.1 definierten Hubladebühnen, die zur Anbringung an Radfahrzeugen für den Lastentransport bestimmt sind, fest. Sie legt auch die Prüfung der Hubladebühnen und die Sicherheitsangaben für ihren Einsatz fest.
Dieses Dokument legt die technischen Anforderungen zur Minimierung von den in Abschnitt 4 aufgelisteten Gefährdungen fest, die beim bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb von Hubladebühnen und unter den vom Hersteller oder seinem Bevollmächtigten vernünftigerweise vorhersehbaren Fehlanwendungen auftreten können.
Sie ist anzuwenden bei Hubladebühnen:
-   zur Be- und/oder Entladung solcher Fahrzeuge;
-   zur dauernden oder zeitweiligen Anbringung an einem Radfahrzeug am Heck oder seitlich oder vorne oder innen;
-   durch Hand oder elektrische Kraft angetrieben;
-   ausgestattet mit einer Plattform zur Lastaufnahme, wobei die Last aus Gütern, aus einem Bediener oder aus beidem bestehen kann;
-   mit einer maximalen Hubhöhe von nicht mehr als 3 m über dem Boden, wobei die Messung bei unbeladener Plattform zu erfolgen hat;
-   von nicht mehr als 2 m Hubhöhe, wenn die Hubladebühne ein schwenkbarer Typ ist;
-   die als Überfahrbrücke verwendet werden, sofern vom Hersteller dafür zugelassen.
ANMERKUNG   Eine Hubladebühne ist von einer an einer festen Rampe angebrachten Überfahrbrücke zu unterscheiden. Solche Überfahrbrücken sind als "Ladebrücken" definiert und außerhalb des Anwendungsbereichs dieses Dokuments.
Be- und/oder Entladung schließt die Verwendung einer Hubladebühne zum Heben und/oder Senken von Lasten ein.
Dieses Dokument legt nicht die zusätzlichen Anforderungen fest für:
-   die Absturzgefahr beim Betrieb unter 2 m Höhe;
-   Überlastung im Bereich des Fahrzeugbodens;
-   Antriebssystem mit Leitspindel und Muttern;
-   Betrieb unter schwierigen Verhältnissen (z. B. extreme Umwelteinflüsse wie Frost, hohe Temperaturen, tropisches Klima, korrosive Umgebung, kontaminierte Umgebung, starke magnetische Felder);
-   Betrieb in Verhältnissen mit besonderen Vorschriften (z. B. explosive Atmosphäre);
-   elektrische Schaltung bei Stromversorgung aus dem öffentlichen Netz;
-   Antrieb mittels Nebenabtrieb des Fahrzeugs;
-   elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit (Emissionsunempfindlichkeit);
-   elektrostatische Probleme;
-   Einsatz bei Lasten, deren Art zu gefährlichen Situationen führen kann (z. B. flüssiges Metall, Säuren/Laugen, strahlende Materialien, zerbrechliche Lasten);
-   Gefährdungen, die während der Montage, dem Transport und der Außerbetriebnahme auftreten;
-   Gefährdungen, die durch Hantieren mit hängenden Lasten, die frei schwingen können, auftreten;
-   Anforderungen im Zusammenhang mit der Benutzung auf öffentlichen Straßen;
-   Windlasten während und außerhalb des Betriebs;
-   direkten Kontakt mit Nahrungsmitteln;
-   Erdbeben;
-   Blitzschlag.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Hubladebühnen, die vor der Veröffentlichung dieses Dokuments hergestellt wurden.

Hayons élévateurs - Plates-formes élévatrices à monter sur véhicules roulants - Exigences de sécurité - Partie 1 : Hayons élévateurs pour marchandises

Le présent document spécifie les exigences de sécurité à respecter pour la conception des hayons élévateurs tels que définis en 3.1 pour le montage sur véhicules roulants de transport de marchandises. Il spécifie également la vérification de ces hayons élévateurs et les informations de sécurité qui doivent être fournies pour l’utilisation de ces hayons élévateurs.
Le présent document traite des exigences techniques permettant de réduire au minimum les risques énoncés dans l'Article 4 qui peuvent survenir pendant le fonctionnement des hayons élévateurs lorsqu’ils sont utilisés conformément aux spécifications prévues et dans des conditions de mauvaise utilisation raisonnablement prévisibles par le fabricant ou son représentant autorisé.
Il s’applique aux hayons élévateurs :
-   utilisés pour charger et/ou décharger ces véhicules ;
-   destinés à être montés de façon temporaire ou permanente, soit à l'intérieur, soit à l'avant, sur le côté ou à l'arrière du véhicule roulant ;
-   actionnés manuellement ou motorisés ;
-   équipés d'une plate-forme pour supporter des charges comprenant des marchandises, un opérateur ou une combinaison des deux ;
-   dont la hauteur de levage maximale ne dépasse pas 3 m au-dessus du sol, lorsque la plate-forme est non chargée ;
-   de type pivotant, avec une hauteur de levage maximale ne dépassant pas 2 m ;
-   utilisés comme ponts de liaison, lorsque cela est prévu par le fabricant.
NOTE   Un hayon élévateur en doit pas être confondu avec un pont de liaison attenant à un quai de chargement, lequel est inclus dans la définition d’une rampe ajustable et n’entre pas dans le domaine d’application du présent document.
Les opérations de chargement et/ou de déchargement comprennent l’utilisation d’un hayon élévateur pour monter et/ou descendre des charges.
Le présent document n’établit pas d’exigences supplémentaires pour :
-   le risque de chute lors d'opérations à moins de 2 m de hauteur ;
-   la surcharge au niveau du plancher du véhicule ;
-   le système d'entraînement avec vis-mère et écrous ;
-   le fonctionnement dans de très mauvaises conditions (par exemple conditions ambiantes extrêmes telles que congélation, températures élevées, milieu corrosif, milieu tropical, milieux contaminants, forts champs magnétiques) ;
-   le fonctionnement soumis à des règles spéciales (par exemple atmosphères potentiellement explosibles) ;
-   le réseau d’alimentation électrique et le circuit électrique ;
-   la partie de prise de force du système ;
-   la compatibilité électromagnétique (émission-immunité) ;
-   les problèmes d’électricité statique ;
-   le traitement de charges dont la nature peut entraîner des situations dangereuses (par exemple métal en fusion, acides/bases, matériaux irradiants, charges particulièrement cassantes) ;
-   les risques survenant lors de l’installation, du transport, de sa mise hors service ;
-   les risques survenant lors de la manipulation de charges suspendues pouvant osciller librement ;
-   les exigences relatives à l’utilisation sur les voies publiques ;
-   la pression du vent pendant et en-dehors de l’utilisation ;
-   le contact direct avec des produits alimentaires ;
-   les tremblements de terre ;
-   la foudre.
Le présent document n'est pas applicable aux hayons élévateurs fabriqués avant la date de sa publication.

Dvižne ploščadi - Dvižne ploščadi, nameščene na cestna vozila - Varnostne zahteve - 1. del: Tovorne dvižne ploščadi

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 53.020.99 - Other lifting equipment
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 98 - Lifting platforms
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 98/WG 4 - Tail lifts
• Current Stage: 5060 - Closure of Vote - Formal Approval
• Due Date: 10-Jun-2021
• Completion Date: 10-Jun-2021
• Directive: 2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN 1756-1:2020 - Tail lifts - Platform lifts for mounting on wheeled vehicles - Safety requirements - Part 1: Tail lifts for goods

RELATIONS

• Revised: EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 - Tail lifts - Platform lifts for mounting on wheeled vehicles - Safety requirements - Part 1: Tail lifts for goods
• Effective Date: 22-Aug-2018

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1756-1:2020
01-julij-2020
Dvižne ploščadi - Dvižne ploščadi, nameščene na cestna vozila - Varnostne
zahteve - 1. del: Tovorne dvižne ploščadi

Tail lifts - Platform lifts for mounting on wheeled vehicles - Safety requirements - Part 1:

Tail lifts for goods
Hubladebühnen - Plattformlifte für die Anbringung an Radfahrzeugen -
Sicherheitsanforderungen - Teil 1: Hubladebühnen für Güter
Hayons élévateurs - Plates-formes élévatrices à monter sur véhicules roulants -
Exigences de sécurité - Partie 1 : Hayons élévateurs pour marchandises
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1756-1
ICS:
53.020.99 Druga dvigalna oprema Other lifting equipment
oSIST prEN 1756-1:2020 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 1756-1:2020
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oSIST prEN 1756-1:2020
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1756-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2020
ICS 53.020.99 Will supersede EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008
English Version
Tail lifts - Platform lifts for mounting on wheeled vehicles -
Safety requirements - Part 1: Tail lifts for goods

Hayons élévateurs - Plates-formes élévatrices à monter Hubladebühnen - Plattformlifte für die Anbringung an

sur véhicules roulants - Exigences de sécurité - Partie 1 Radfahrzeugen - Sicherheitsanforderungen - Teil 1:

: Hayons élévateurs pour marchandises Hubladebühnen für Güter

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 98.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1756-1:2020 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 4

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 7

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 8

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 8

4 List of hazards ............................................................................................................................................... 14

5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures .......................................................................... 17

5.1 General requirements ................................................................................................................................ 17

5.2 Working area ................................................................................................................................................. 17

5.3 Manual effort ................................................................................................................................................. 18

5.4 Operating speeds .......................................................................................................................................... 18

5.5 Load stability ................................................................................................................................................. 19

5.6 Limitations of travel .................................................................................................................................... 19

5.7 Layout of wires and pipes ......................................................................................................................... 19

5.8 Unauthorized operation ............................................................................................................................ 19

5.9 Isolation of energy sources ....................................................................................................................... 19

5.10 Tail lift stowage ............................................................................................................................................. 20

5.11 Crushing and shearing ................................................................................................................................ 20

5.12 Static load coefficients ................................................................................................................................ 20

5.13 Platform ........................................................................................................................................................... 20

5.14 Drive systems ................................................................................................................................................ 21

5.15 Safety devices ................................................................................................................................................ 24

5.16 Loading control ............................................................................................................................................. 24

5.17 Control devices .............................................................................................................................................. 24

5.18 Control positions .......................................................................................................................................... 26

6 Optional equipment .................................................................................................................................... 26

7 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures ........................................................... 26

8 Information for use ..................................................................................................................................... 29

8.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 29

8.2 Tail lift used as a link bridge .................................................................................................................... 29

8.3 Inherent risks associated with improper use .................................................................................... 29

8.4 Location and nature of information for use ....................................................................................... 29

Annex A (informative) Tail lift mechanisms and types .............................................................................. 34

Annex B (normative) Crushing and shearing .................................................................................................. 40

Annex C (informative) Structure and drive system ...................................................................................... 49

Annex D (normative) Drive systems – Steel wire ropes and chains ........................................................ 51

Annex E (normative) Examples of controls logic ........................................................................................... 53

Annex F (informative) Marking ............................................................................................................................ 55

Annex G (informative) Unintentional operation ........................................................................................... 56

Annex H (normative) Verification by the installer ........................................................................................ 57

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Annex I (informative) Overloads onto a platform at vehicle floor level ................................................ 58

Annex J (informative) Protective devices for the working area ............................................................... 59

Annex K (informative) Tail lift electrics ............................................................................................................ 64

Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered ............................................... 67

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European foreword

This document (prEN 1756-1:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 98 “Lifting

platforms”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008.

This document has been prepared under a standardization request given to CEN by the European

Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of

EU Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this

document.
A transition period of 6 months (dav + 6 months) is proposed.
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Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.

This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market

players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);

— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).

Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the

above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);

— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);

— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).

The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting

process of this document.

The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are

covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.

When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B

standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other

standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C

standard.

The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of this

document.
While producing this document, it was assumed that:
— only trained persons operate the machine;
— components without specific requirements are:

— designed in accordance with the usual engineering practice and calculation codes, Including all

failure modes;
— of sound mechanical and electrical construction;
— made of materials, with adequate strength and of suitable quality;
— free of defects;
— harmful materials, such as asbestos are not used;

— components are kept in good repair and working order, so that the required dimensions remain

fulfilled despite wear;

— by design of the load bearing elements, a safe operation of the machine is assured for loading ranging

from zero to 100 % of the rated possibilities and during the tests;
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— with the exception of the items listed below, a mechanical device built according to good practice and

the requirements in this document, will not deteriorate to a point of creating a hazard without the

possibility of detection;

— the equipment is capable of operating correctly within a temperature range of -15 °C to +40 °C;

— a negotiation takes place between the manufacturer of the tail lift and the installer for the

characteristics of the supporting wheeled vehicle (see also Clause 6), the fitting of the tail lift on the

vehicle and between the installer and the user relating to the specific conditions of the use, places of

use of the machinery, also some of the characteristics of the vehicle, the appropriate language;

— the working area is adequately lit (if lighting is not provided with the tail lift);

— if the place of installation allows a vertical falling height of persons of more than 3 m notwithstanding

the limited travel height indicated in the scope, means external to the machine are used to limit this

falling height to 3 m.

Provision is made in this document to protect against falling hazards where the risk of falling exceeds

2 m. However, accidents statistics show that people fall from the raised tail lift during loading/unloading

the vehicle also for lifting heights below 2 m. The present state of the art does not allow a proven,

universal solution to the prevention of falling suitable for all tail lift applications, without the introduction

of other hazards.

The European safety organisations and manufacturers are continuing to review and test such solutions.

Meanwhile, methods of mitigating these risks are shown in informative Annex J. For lifts where the risk

of falling exceeds 2 m, refer to the requirements of 5.2.
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1 Scope

This document specifies safety requirements for design of tail lifts as defined in 3.1 for mounting on

wheeled goods vehicles. It also specifies the verification of such tail lifts and the safety information that

has to be provided for their use.

This document deals with the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in Clause 4 which

can arise during the operation of tail lifts when carried out in accordance with the specifications as

intended by the manufacturer or his authorized representative.
It applies to tail lifts:
— used for the purpose of loading and/or unloading such vehicles;

— intended to be fitted, temporarily or permanently, either inside or on the front, side or rear of the

wheeled vehicle;
— driven either by hand or electric powered;

— equipped with a platform to support loads which comprise goods, an operator, or a combination of

the two;

— with a maximum lifting height not exceeding 3 m above ground when the platform is unloaded;

— rotary type with a maximum lifting height not exceeding 2 m;
— used as a link bridge when intended by the manufacturer.

NOTE A tail lift is not to be confused with a link bridge attached to a loading dock which is included within the

definition of a dock leveller and is outside the scope of this document.

Loading and/or unloading operations include the use of a tail lift to lift and/or lower loads.

This document does not establish the additional requirements for:

— operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme environmental conditions such as freezer applications,

high temperatures, corrosive environment, tropical environment, contaminating environments,

strong magnetic fields);
— operations subject to special rules (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres);
— supply by electrical networks and the electrical circuit;
— power take off part of the system;
— electronic equipment;
— electromagnetic compatibility (emission-immunity);
— static electricity problems;

— handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metal,

acids/bases, radiating materials, especially brittle loads);
— hazards occurring during installation, transportation, decommissioning;
— hazards occurring when handling suspended loads which may swing freely;
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— requirement related to the use on public roads;
— wind pressure in and out of use;
— direct contact with foodstuffs;
— earthquake;
— lightning;

This document is not applicable to tail lifts manufactured before the publication of this document.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 3: Recommended

force limits for machinery operation

EN 61310-1:2008, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 1: Requirements for

visual, acoustic and tactile signals (IEC 61310-1:2007)

EN 61310-2:2008, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 2: Requirements for

marking (IEC 61310-2:2007)

EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their

components (ISO 4413:2010)

EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk

reduction (ISO 12100:2010)

EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General

principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2015)

EN ISO 13851:2019, Safety of machinery — Two-hand control devices — Principles for design and selection

(ISO 13851:2019)

EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by

upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)

DIN 51130:2014, Testing of floor coverings — Determination of the anti-slip property — Workrooms and

fields of activities with slip danger — Walking method — Ramp test
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the

following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
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3.1
tail lift

lifting device intended for installation on or in a wheeled vehicle and which is used for loading and/or

unloading this vehicle

Note 1 to entry: The device consists essentially of a platform, a drive system, supporting elements and one or

more control positions.

Note 2 to entry: Examples of tail lift mechanisms and types can be found in Annex A.

3.2
light tail lift
tail lift whose nominal load does not exceed 500 kg
3.3
link bridge

application of a tail lift in which the platform is used to span from its associated vehicle, to any elevated

position (e.g. a dock or another vehicle), for the purpose of transferring loads to or from the vehicle

3.4
wheeled vehicle

vehicle, or vehicle body which is intended for carrying goods and/or persons, for road, off road or rail

transport, but excluding aircraft ground support equipment and/or marine applications

3.5
operator
any person given the task of operating the tail lift
3.6
travelling position

any configuration which the tail lift is intended to have while the vehicle is in motion

3.7
working position

any configuration of the tail lift in which the platform is intended to handle a load in an operating position

3.8
operating position
any configuration of the tail lift other than its travelling position
3.8.1
opening

any movement of the platform between a travelling position and a working position

3.8.2
closing
any movement of the platform from a working position to a travelling position
3.8.3
tilting

any angular movement to vertically adjust the platform when it is in a working position

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3.9
danger zone

any zone on, under or in the path of the platform as well as around any part of the mechanism in which a

person is exposed to risk of injury or damage to health

Note 1 to entry: This definition shall not preclude the platform being a working area.

3.10
platform width
dimension of the platform measured parallel to the edge adjacent to the vehicle
Note 1 to entry: Platform width shall be measured as in Figure 1.
3.11
platform depth

dimension of the platform measured perpendicularly to the edge adjacent to the vehicle

Note 1 to entry: Platform depth shall be measured as in Figure 1.
Key
1 platform depth
2 platform width
Figure 1 — Platform width and depth
3.12
platform vertical travel distance

distance between the lowest and the highest positions respectively the platform can assume when its

surface is horizontal
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
Note 2 to entry: The travel distance is a different concept from the height.
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Key
1 vertical travel distance
Figure 2 — Platform vertical travel distance
3.13
vertical speed

platform vertical travel distance divided by the time taken by the platform to move through this distance

3.14
load
any mass applied to the platform surface

Note 1 to entry: Loads include payload plus any load handling equipment and the mass of the operator if the

operator is standing on the platform.
3.15
maximum load

greatest permitted load as a function of the position of its centre of gravity on the platform as specified

by the manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.
3.16
nominal load

maximum load having its centre of gravity on the centre line of the platform and placed at a distance from

the edge adjacent to the vehicle in elevated working position of either half the platform depth or 600 mm,

whichever is the lesser distance
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 3 and 4.
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Key
1 load
2 distance
3 maximum load
4 nominal load
5 distance as defined by the manufacturer
Figure 3 — Maximum and nominal load on the platform
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Key
1 centre of gravity of the load
2 half platform depth or 600 mm
Figure 4 — Nominal load
3.16.1
control device
any device used to operate the tail lift
EXAMPLE Button, switch, joystick, pedal, lever.
3.16.2
control unit
one or more fixed or mobile control devices grouped together as a single entity
3.17
control position
any location in which the operator may stand when using the control
3.18
drive system
any devices used to generate the movements of the tail lift
Note 1 to entry: See Annex C for examples.
3.19
working pressure

pressure at which each component is designed to operate in steady-state lifting and/or tilting conditions

3.20
installer

any person or organization fitting the tail lift onto the vehicle and commissioning it

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3.21
trained person

designated person, suitably trained qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and provided with

the necessary instructions to enable the required operation, test and/or examination to be carried out

safely
3.22
appropriate language

language of the country in which the tail lift's wheeled vehicle is first registered, or, by agreement with

the user, a language of the country in which the vehicle will be predominantly used

4 List of hazards

This clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt

with in this document, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which

require action to eliminate or reduce risk (see Table 1).
Table 1 — List of significant hazards
Clause Significant hazards Clause of this document
1 Mechanical hazards
1.1 Due to machine parts or workpieces, e.g.:
— potential energy (falling objects, height from 5.5.2; 5.13; Annex I
the ground, gravity)
— kinetic energy (acceleration, deceleration, 5.4.2; 5.4.3; 5.4.4
moving/rotating elements)
— mechanical strength (break-up) 5.12; 5.14.2.1; 5.14.2.2;
5.14.3.2; 5.14.3.3
1.2 by stored energy, e.g.:
— elastic elements (springs) 8.4.2.4
— liquids and gases under pressure; 5.14.3.2; 5.14.3.3
1.3 Crushing 5.11; Annex B
1.4 Shearing 5.11; Annex B
1.5 Entanglement 5.14.2.1
1.6 Drawing-in or trapping 8.4.1; Annex B
1.7 Impact 5.2; 5.4; 5.10.2; 5.13.3;
5.18.2
1.8 Injection 5.14.3.2; 5.14.3.3
1.9 Slipping, tripping and falling 5.2, 5.13
1.10 Instability 5.16; Clause 6; Annex I
2 Material/substance hazards
2.1 Fire 5.9
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Clause Significant hazards Clause of this document
3 Ergonomic hazards
3.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort 5.2; 5.3; 5.18.2; Annex B
3.2 Inadequate consideration of anatomy 5.2; 5.18.2, Annex B;
Annex E
3.3 Inadequate local lighting 5.2; 8.4.2
3.4 Design or location of indicators and visual display 8.4.1
units
3.5 Design, location or identification of control devices 5.17; 5.18; Annex B;
Annex F
3.6 Human error during operation 5.17; 5.10; 8.4.1;
Annex B; Annex E
4.1 Failure/disorder of the control system and control 5.8; 5.9; 5.15.1; 5.17;
circuits 5.18.1; 5.14; Annex D
4.2 Restoration of energy supply after an interruption 5.9; 5.17.1
4.3 Failure of the power supply 5.9
5 Hazards due to: 8.4.2; Annex H
— assembly and installation
— setting
— cleaning
— fault-finding
— maintenance
5.1 Maintenance 8.4.2; Annex H
6 Hazards relating to the travelling function
6.1 Movement without all parts in a safe position 5.10.1; 8.4.2.3
7 Hazards linked to the work position (including
driving station) on the machine
7.1 Fall of persons during access to or at/from the 5.2; Annex J
work position
7.2 Mechanical hazards at the work position 5.4; 5.5; 5.6; 5.13.1
— contact with the wheels
— rollover
— fall of objects, penetration by objects
— break-up of parts rotating at high speed
— contact of persons with machine parts or tools
(pedestrian controlled machines)
7.3 Insufficient visibility from the work positions 5.2; 5.18; Annex B;
Annex E
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Clause Significant hazards Clause of this document
8 Hazards due to the control system
8.1 Inadequate location of manual controls 5.18; Annex B
8.2 Inadequate design of manual controls and their 5.17.2; 5.17.3; 5.17.7;
mode of operation Annex E; Annex F
9 Hazards from/to third persons
9.1 Unauthorised start-up/use 5.8
9.2 Drift of part away from its stopping position H.2.2
9.3 Lack or inadequacy of visual or acoustic warning 5.2; 5.13.3; 5.17.3; 8.4.1
means
10 Hazards due to insufficient instructions for the
driver/operator
10.1 Insufficient instruction for the driver/operator 8.4.2.3
11 Mechanical hazards caused by load fails,
collisions, machine tipping
11.1 Lack of stability 5.2; 5.5; 5.6; 5.13; Annex I
11.2 Uncontrolled loading – overloading – overturning 5.16; Annex I
moments exceeded
11.3 Uncontrolled amplitude of movements 5.4
11.4 Unexpected/unintended movement of loads 5.5.2; 5.13; 6
11.5 Inadequate holding devices/accessories 5.5.2
11.6 Insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.12; 5.13; 5.14; Annex D
11.7 Inadequate design of pulleys, drums 5.12; 5.14; Annex D
11.8 Inadequate selection of chains, ropes, lifting and 5.12; 5.14; Annex D
accessories and their inadequate integration into
...