EN ISO 14855-1:2007
(Main)Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide - Part 1: General method (ISO 14855-1:2005)
Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide - Part 1: General method (ISO 14855-1:2005)
ISO 14855-1:2005 specifies a method for the determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastics, based on organic compounds, under controlled composting conditions by measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide evolved and the degree of disintegration of the plastic at the end of the test. This method is designed to simulate typical aerobic composting conditions for the organic fraction of solid mixed municipal waste. The test material is exposed to an inoculum which is derived from compost. The composting takes place in an environment wherein temperature, aeration and humidity are closely monitored and controlled. The test method is designed to yield the percentage conversion of the carbon in the test material to evolved carbon dioxide as well as the rate of conversion.
Also specified is a variant of the method, using a mineral bed (vermiculite) inoculated with thermophilic microorganisms obtained from compost with a specific activation phase, instead of mature compost. This variant is designed to yield the percentage of carbon in the test substance converted to carbon dioxide and the rate of conversion.
Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien unter den Bedingungen kontrollierter Kompostierung — Verfahren mittels Analyse des freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxides — Teil 1: Allgemeines Verfahren (ISO 14855-1:2005)
Dieser Teil der ISO 14855 legt ein Verfahren fest, mit dem unter geregelten Kompostierbedingungen durch Messung der Menge des gebildeten Kohlendioxids und des Grades des Zerfalls des Kunststoffs am Ende der Prüfung die vollständige aerobe Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoffen, die auf organischen Verbindungen beruhen, bestimmt wird. Dieses Verfahren ist dafür ausgelegt, typische aerobe Kompostierbedingungen für den organischen Anteil in festem gemischtem städtischem Abfall zu simulieren. Die Prüfsubstanz wird einem Inokulum ausgesetzt, das aus Kompost gewonnen wird. Die Kompostierung erfolgt in einer Umgebung, in der Temperatur, Begasung und Feuchte genau überwacht und geregelt werden. Das Prüfverfahren dient der Feststellung der prozentualen Umwandlung des Kohlenstoffs in der Prüfsubstanz in freigesetztes Kohlendioxid sowie der Geschwindigkeit dieser Umwandlung.
Die Unterabschnitte 8.6 und 8.7 legen eine Variante des Verfahrens fest, bei der anstelle des ausgereiften Kompostes ein mineralisches Festbett (Vermiculit) mit thermophilen Mikroorganismen, die aus dem Kompost innerhalb einer spezifischen Aktivierungsphase gewonnen werden, beimpft wird. Diese Variante wurde entwickelt, um den prozentualen Anteil des in Kohlendioxid umgewandelten Kohlenstoffs in der Prüfsubstanz und die Geschwindigkeit dieser Umwandlung festzustellen.
Die in diesem Teil der ISO 14855 beschriebenen Bedingungen entsprechen möglicherweise nicht immer den optimalen Bedingungen, unter denen der maximale Grad an Bioabbau erreicht wird.
Évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux plastiques dans des conditions contrôlées de compostage - Méthode par analyse du dioxyde de carbone libéré - Partie 1: Méthode générale (ISO 14855-1:2005)
L'ISO 14855-1:2005 prescrit une méthode d'évaluation, d'une part, de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des plastiques à partir de composés organiques dans des conditions contrôlées de compostage, par mesurage du dioxyde de carbone libéré, et d'autre part, de leur désintégration à la fin de l'essai. La présente méthode est conçue pour se rapprocher des conditions de compostage aérobies caractéristiques de la fraction organique des déchets municipaux solides non triés. Le matériau d'essai est exposé dans le cadre d'un essai de laboratoire à un inoculum provenant d'un échantillon de compost. Le compostage aérobie a lieu dans un environnement où la température, l'aération et l'humidité, en particulier, sont étroitement contrôlées et maîtrisées. La méthode permet d'accéder au pourcentage et au taux de conversion du carbone contenu dans la substance à analyser, en dioxyde de carbone libéré.
Elle spécifie également une variante de la méthode utilisant un lit minéral de vermiculite, ensemencé par des micro-organismes thermophiles obtenus à partir d'un compost à une phase d'activation spécifique, à la place d'un compost mature. Cette variante a pour objet de permettre d'obtenir un pourcentage et un taux de conversion du carbone de la substance d'essai en dioxyde de carbone dégagé.
Določanje končne aerobne biorazgradljivosti in razkroja polimernih materialov pod nadzorovanimi pogoji kompostiranja - Metoda z analizo sproščenega ogljikovega dioksida - 1. del: Splošna metoda (ISO 14855-1:2005)
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2007
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SIST EN ISO 14855:2004
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Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under
controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide - Part 1:
General method (ISO 14855-1:2005)
Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien unter
den Bedingungen kontrollierter Kompostierung — Verfahren mittels Analyse des
freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxides — Teil 1: Allgemeines Verfahren (ISO 14855-1:2005)
Évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux plastiques dans des
conditions contrôlées de compostage - Méthode par analyse du dioxyde de carbone
libéré - Partie 1: Méthode générale (ISO 14855-1:2005)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14855-1:2007
ICS:
13.030.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
odpadki wastes
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 14855-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2007
ICS 13.030.99; 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 14855:2004
English Version
Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic
materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by
analysis of evolved carbon dioxide - Part 1: General method
(ISO 14855-1:2005)
Évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit
matériaux plastiques dans des conditions contrôlées de von Kunststoff-Materialien unter den Bedingungen
compostage - Méthode par analyse du dioxyde de carbone kontrollierter Kompostierung - Verfahren mittels Analyse
libéré - Partie 1: Méthode générale (ISO 14855-1:2005) des freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxides - Teil 1: Allgemeines
Verfahren (ISO 14855-1:2005)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 August 2007.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14855-1:2007: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Foreword
The text of ISO 14855-1:2005 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 "Plastics”
of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO
14855-1:2007 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 "Plastics", the secretariat of which is held
by IBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2008, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2008.
This document supersedes EN ISO 14855:2004.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United
Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14855-1:2005 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14855-1:2007 without any
modifications.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14855-1
First edition
2005-10-15
Determination of the ultimate aerobic
biodegradability of plastic materials
under controlled composting
conditions — Method by analysis of
evolved carbon dioxide —
Part 1:
General method
Évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux
plastiques dans des conditions contrôlées de compostage — Méthode
par analyse du dioxyde de carbone libéré —
Partie 1: Méthode générale
Reference number
ISO 14855-1:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
ISO 14855-1:2005(E)
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
ISO 14855-1:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Principle. 3
5 Test environment. 3
6 Reagents. 3
7 Apparatus . 4
8 Procedure . 5
9 Calculation and expression of results. 9
10 Validity of results. 10
11 Test report . 10
Annex A (informative) Principle of test system. 12
Annex B (informative) Examples of graphical representation of carbon dioxide evolution and
biodegradation curves . 13
Annex C (informative) Example of mass-loss determination . 15
Annex D (informative) Round-robin testing. 17
Annex E (informative) Examples of forms . 18
Bibliography . 21
ISO 14855-1:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14855-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5,
Physical-chemical properties.
It cancels and replaces ISO 14855:1999, the main aims of the revision being to combine the parent standard
with its amendment ISO 14855:1999/Amd.1:2004 and to renumber the standard as Part 1.
ISO 14855 consists of the following parts, under the general title Determination of the ultimate aerobic
biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions — Method by analysis of evolved
carbon dioxide:
⎯ Part 1: General method
⎯ Part 2: Gravimetric measurement of carbon dioxide evolved in a laboratory-scale test [in preparation]
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
ISO 14855-1:2005(E)
Introduction
The main method specified in this part of ISO 14855 uses a solid-phase respirometric test system based on
mature compost used as a solid bed, a source of nutrients, and an inoculum rich in thermophilic
microorganisms. Mature compost is a very heterogeneous and complex material. Therefore, it can be difficult
to quantify the residual polymeric material left in the bed at the end of the test, to detect possible
low-molecular-mass molecules released into the solid bed by the polymeric material during degradation, and
to assess the biomass. As a result, it can be difficult to perform a complete carbon balance. Another difficulty
which is sometimes encountered with mature compost is a “priming effect”: the organic matter present in large
amounts in the mature compost can undergo polymer-induced degradation, known as the “priming effect”,
which affects the measurement of the biodegradability.
To overcome these difficulties and to improve the reliability of the method, the mature compost can be
replaced by a solid mineral medium which is used as the composting bed, thus facilitating analyses. This
variant can be used to measure the biodegradation in terms of CO evolution, to quantify and analyse the
biomass and the residues of polymeric material left in the solid bed at the end of the test, and to perform a
complete carbon balance. Furthermore, the method is not sensibly affected by the priming effect and can,
therefore, be used to assess materials known to cause this problem with mature compost. The mineral bed
can also be subjected to an ecotoxicological analysis to verify the absence of any ecotoxic activity in the bed
after biodegradation.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14855-1:2005(E)
Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic
materials under controlled composting conditions — Method by
analysis of evolved carbon dioxide —
Part 1:
General method
WARNING — Sewage, activated sludge, soil and compost may contain potentially pathogenic
organisms. Therefore appropriate precautions should be taken when handling them. Toxic test
compounds and those whose properties are unknown should be handled with care.
1 Scope
This part of ISO 14855 specifies a method for the determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of
plastics, based on organic compounds, under controlled composting conditions by measurement of the
amount of carbon dioxide evolved and the degree of disintegration of the plastic at the end of the test. This
method is designed to simulate typical aerobic composting conditions for the organic fr
...
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