EN ISO 14855-1:2012

Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide - Part 1: General method (ISO 14855-1:2012)

ISO 14855-1:2012 specifies a method for the determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastics, based on organic compounds, under controlled composting conditions by measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide evolved and the degree of disintegration of the plastic at the end of the test. This method is designed to simulate typical aerobic composting conditions for the organic fraction of solid mixed municipal waste. The test material is exposed to an inoculum which is derived from compost. The composting takes place in an environment wherein temperature, aeration and humidity are closely monitored and controlled. The test method is designed to yield the percentage conversion of the carbon in the test material to evolved carbon dioxide as well as the rate of conversion.
Also specified is a variant of the method, using a mineral bed (vermiculite) inoculated with thermophilic microorganisms obtained from compost with a specific activation phase, instead of mature compost. This variant is designed to yield the percentage of carbon in the test substance converted to carbon dioxide and the rate of conversion.

Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien unter den Bedingungen kontrollierter Kompostierung - Verfahren mittels Analyse des freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxides - Teil 1: Allgemeines Verfahren (ISO 14855-1:2012)

Dieser Teil der ISO 14855 legt ein Verfahren fest, mit dem unter geregelten Kompostierbedingungen durch Messung der Menge des gebildeten Kohlendioxids und des Grades des Zerfalls des Kunststoffs am Ende der Prüfung die vollständige aerobe Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoffen, die auf organischen Verbindungen beruhen, bestimmt wird. Dieses Verfahren ist dafür ausgelegt, typische aerobe Kompostierbedingungen für den organischen Anteil in festem gemischtem städtischem Abfall zu simulieren. Die Prüfsubstanz wird einem Inokulum ausgesetzt, das aus Kompost gewonnen wird. Die Kompostierung erfolgt in einer Umgebung, in der Temperatur, Begasung und Feuchte genau überwacht und geregelt werden. Das Prüfverfahren dient der Feststellung der prozentualen Umwandlung des Kohlenstoffs in der Prüfsubstanz in freigesetztes Kohlendioxid sowie der Geschwindigkeit dieser Umwandlung.
Die Unterabschnitte 8.6 und 8.7 legen eine Variante des Verfahrens fest, bei der anstelle des ausgereiften Kompostes ein mineralisches Festbett (Vermiculit) mit thermophilen Mikroorganismen, die aus dem Kompost innerhalb einer spezifischen Aktivierungsphase gewonnen werden, beimpft wird. Diese Variante wurde entwickelt, um den prozentualen Anteil des in Kohlendioxid umgewandelten Kohlenstoffs in der Prüfsubstanz und die Geschwindigkeit dieser Umwandlung festzustellen.
Die in diesem Teil der ISO 14855 beschriebenen Bedingungen entsprechen möglicherweise nicht immer den optimalen Bedingungen, unter denen der maximale Grad an Bioabbau erreicht wird.

Évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux plastiques dans des conditions contrôlées de compostage - Méthode par analyse du dioxyde de carbone libéré - Partie 1: Méthode générale (ISO 14855-1:2012)

Določanje končne aerobne biorazgradljivosti in razkroja polimernih materialov pod nadzorovanimi pogoji kompostiranja - Metoda z analizo sproščenega ogljikovega dioksida - 1. del: Splošna metoda (ISO 14855-1:2012)

Ta del standarda ISO 14855 določa metodo za določanje končne aerobne biorazgradljivosti in razkroja polimernih materialov, ki temeljijo na organskih sestavinah, pod nadzorovanimi pogoji kompostiranja z merjenjem količine sproščenega ogljikovega dioksida in stopnje razkroja polimernih materialov na koncu preskusa. Ta metoda je izdelana za simulacijo značilnih aerobnih pogojev kompostiranja organskega deleža trdnih mešanih komunalnih odpadkov. Preskusni material je izpostavljen inokulumu, ki izhaja iz komposta. Kompostiranje poteka v okolju, kjer so temperatura, zračnost in vlaga natančno spremljane in nadzorovane. Preskusna metoda je izdelana tako, da proizvede odstotek pretvorbe ogljika iz preskusnega materiala v sproščeni ogljikov dioksid ter tudi stopnjo pretvorbe. V točkah 8.6 in 8.7 je navedena različica metode, ki uporablja vermikulit z vcepljenimi termofilnimi mikroorganizmi, ki se namesto iz zrelega komposta pridobijo iz komposta z določeno fazo aktiviranja. Ta metoda je izdelana tako, da proizvede odstotek ogljika v preskusni snovi, ki se pretvori v ogljikov dioksid, in stopnjo pretvorbe. Pogoji, ki so opisani v tem delu standarda ISO 14855 niso vedno enaki idealnim pogojem, kjer pride do največje stopnje biorazgradljivosti.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2012
• Withdrawal Date: 29-Jun-2013
• ICS: 13.030.99 - Other standards related to wastes
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 249 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 249 - Plastics
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Completion Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 14855-1:2013 - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide - Part 1: General method (ISO 14855-1:2012)

Relations

• Replaces: EN ISO 14855-1:2007/AC:2009 - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide - Part 1: General method (ISO 14855-1:2005/Cor 1:2009)
• Effective Date: 12-Dec-2012
• Replaces: EN ISO 14855-1:2007 - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide - Part 1: General method (ISO 14855-1:2005)
• Effective Date: 11-Dec-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2013
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SIST EN ISO 14855-1:2007
SIST EN ISO 14855-1:2007/AC:2010
'RORþDQMHNRQþQHDHUREQHELRUD]JUDGOMLYRVWLLQUD]NURMDSROLPHUQLKPDWHULDORYSRG
QDG]RURYDQLPLSRJRMLNRPSRVWLUDQMD0HWRGD]DQDOL]RVSURãþHQHJDRJOMLNRYHJD
GLRNVLGDGHO6SORãQDPHWRGD,62
Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under
controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide - Part 1:
General method (ISO 14855-1:2012)
Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien
unter den Bedingungen kontrollierter Kompostierung - Verfahren mittels Analyse des
freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxides - Teil 1: Allgemeines Verfahren (ISO 14855-1:2012)
Évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux plastiques dans des
conditions contrôlées de compostage - Méthode par analyse du dioxyde de carbone
libéré - Partie 1: Méthode générale (ISO 14855-1:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14855-1:2012
ICS:
13.030.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
odpadki wastes
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 14855-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2012
ICS 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 14855-1:2007
English Version
Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic
materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by
analysis of evolved carbon dioxide - Part 1: General method
(ISO 14855-1:2012)
Évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit
matériaux plastiques dans des conditions contrôlées de von Kunststoff-Materialien unter den Bedingungen
compostage - Méthode par analyse du dioxyde de carbone kontrollierter Kompostierung - Verfahren mittels Analyse
libéré - Partie 1: Méthode générale (ISO 14855-1:2012) des freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxides - Teil 1: Allgemeines
Verfahren (ISO 14855-1:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 November 2012.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14855-1:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 14855-1:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 "Plastics" in
collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by June 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 14855-1:2007.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14855-1:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 14855-1:2012 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14855-1
Second edition
2012-12-01
Determination of the ultimate aerobic
biodegradability of plastic materials
under controlled composting
conditions — Method by analysis of
evolved carbon dioxide —
Part 1:
General method
Évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux
plastiques dans des conditions contrôlées de compostage — Méthode
par analyse du dioxyde de carbone libéré —
Partie 1: Méthode générale
Reference number
ISO 14855-1:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
ISO 14855-1:2012(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 14855-1:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Test environment . 3
6 Reagents . 3
6.1 TLC (thin-layer chromatography) grade cellulose . 3
6.2 Vermiculite . 3
7 Apparatus . 4
8 Procedure . 5
8.1 Preparation of the inoculum . 5
8.2 Preparation of test material and reference material . 5
8.3 Start-up of the test . 6
8.4 Incubation period . 6
8.5 Termination of the test . 7
8.6 Use of vermiculite . 7
8.7 Recovery procedure and carbon balance when using vermiculite . 8
9 Calculation and expression of results . 9
9.1 Calculation of the theoretical amount of carbon dioxide . 9
9.2 Calculation of the percentage biodegradation . 9
9.3 Calculation of loss in mass . 9
9.4 Expression of results . 9
10 Validity of results .10
11 Test report .10
Annex A (informative) Principle of test system . 11
Annex B (informative) Examples of graphical representation of carbon dioxide evolution and
biodegradation curves .12
Annex C (informative) Example of mass loss determination.14
Annex D (informative) Round-robin testing .16
Annex E (informative) Examples of forms .17
Bibliography .20
ISO 14855-1:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14855-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5, Physical-
chemical properties.
This second edition of ISO 14855-1 cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14855-1:2005), of which it
constitutes a minor revision intended principally to clarify the wording of the fourth paragraph in Subclause 8.1.
In addition, the footnote to 6.2 concerning a possible supplier of “concrete” type vermiculite has been deleted
as it appeared to be no longer valid.
This second edition also cancels and replaces the Technical Corrigendum ISO 14855-1:2005/Cor.1:2009.
ISO 14855 consists of the following parts, under the general title Determination of the ultimate aerobic
biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions — Method by analysis of evolved
carbon dioxide:
— Part 1: General method
— Part 2: Gravimetric measurement of carbon dioxide evolved in a laboratory-scale test
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 14855-1:2012(E)
Introduction
The main method specified in this part of ISO 14855 uses a solid-phase respirometric test system based on
mature compost use
...