HD 488 S1:1987
(Main)Gassing of insulating liquids under electrical stress and ionization
Gassing of insulating liquids under electrical stress and ionization
Describes two procedures each using different apparatus to measure the tendency of insulating liquids to evolve or absorb gas when subjected to electrical stress.
Das Gasen von Isolierflüssigkeiten unter elektrischer Beanspruchung und Ionisation
Gassing des isolants liquides sous contrainte électrique et ionisation
Décrit deux méthodes, utilisant chacune des appareillages différents pour évaluer la tendance des isolants liquides à émettre ou absorber des gaz lorsqu'ils sont soumis à une contrainte électrique.
Gassing of insulating liquids under electrical stress and ionization (IEC 60628:1985)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-1999
Gassing of insulating liquids under electrical stress and ionization (IEC
60628:1985)
Gassing of insulating liquids under electrical stress and ionization
Das Gasen von Isolierflüssigkeiten unter elektrischer Beanspruchung und Ionisation
Gassing des isolants liquides sous contrainte électrique et ionisation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: HD 488 S1:1987
ICS:
29.040.10 Izolacijska olja Insulating oils
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
INTERNATIONAL
Deuxième édition
STANDARD
Second edition
1985-01
Gassing des isolants liquides
sous contrainte électrique
et ionisation
Gassing of insulating liquids
under electrical stress and ionization
© IEC 1985 Droits de reproduction réservés — Copyright - all rights reserved
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Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
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For price, see current catalogue
Publication 628 de la CEI IEC Publication 628
(Deuxième édition - 1985) (Second edition - 1985)
Gassing des isolants liquides sous Gassing of insulating liquids under
contrainte électrique et ionisation electrical stress and ionization
CORRIGENDUM 1
Correction du texte anglais seulement.
Correction of the English text only.
Page 17
Page 17
au lieu de: instead of:
13.1.1 Glass cell precision bore (see Figure 4) made of borosilicate glass
tubing with permittivity of 5 + 0.2 (at 50 Hz and 80 °C) and dimensions
as follows:
lire:
read:
13.1.1 Glass cell precision bore (see Figure 4) made of borosilicate glass
tubing with a relative permittivity of 5 + 0.2 (at 50 Hz and 80 °C) and
dimensions as follows:
Octobre 1986 October 1986
628 ©I E C 1985 — 3 —
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD 5
PREFACE 5
SECTION ONE — GENERAL
Clause
1. Scope 7
2. General notes on the methods 7
SECTION Two — METHOD A
3. Outline of method 9
4. Apparatus 9
5. Reagents 11
6. Preparation of the apparatus 11
7. Procedure 13
8. Calculation of the results 15
9. Number of tests 15
10. Report 15
11. Precision 15
SECTION THREE — METHOD B
12. Outline of method 17
13. Apparatus 17
14. Reagents 21
15. Preparation of apparatus 21
16. Procedure 23
17. Calculation of the results 25
18. Number of tests 25
19. Report 25
20. Precision 27
FIGURES 28
628 © I E C 1985 — 5 —
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
GASSING OF INSULATING LIQUIDS
UNDER ELECTRICAL STRESS AND IONIZATION
FOREWORD
I) The formal decisions or agreements of the I E C on technical matters, prepared by Technical Committees on which all
the National Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.
2) They have the form of recommendations for international use and they are accepted by the National Committees in that
sense.
3) In order to promote international unification, the I E C expresses the wish that all National Committees should adopt
the text of the I E C recommendation for their national rules in so far as national conditions will permit. Any divergence
between the I E C recommendation and the corresponding national rules should, as far as possible, be clearly indicated
in the latter.
PREFACE
This standard has been prepared by Sub-Committee 10A: Hydrocarbon Insulating Oils, of I E C
Technical Committee No. 10: Fluids for Electrotechnical Applications.
This publication is the second edition of I E C Publication 628.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
Six Months' Rule Report on Voting
10A(CO)53 10A(CO)60
Further information can be found in the Report on Voting indicated in the table above.
Other publications quoted:
ISO Standard 653 (1980): Long Solid-stem Thermometers for Precision Use.
Heat-treated Steels, Alloy Steels and Free-cutting Steels — Part XIII: Wrought Stainless
ISO Standard 683/13 (1974):
Steels.
ISO Standard 4803 (1978): Laboratory Glassware — Borosilicate Glass Tubing.
628 © I E C 1985 — 7 —
GASSING OF INSULATING LIQUIDS
UNDER ELECTRICAL STRESS AND IONIZATION
SECTION ONE — GENERAL
1. Scope
This standard describes two procedures each using different apparatus to measure the
tendency of insulating liquids to evolve or absorb gas when subjected, in cells having specific
geometries, to electrical stress of sufficient intensity to cause an electric discharge through a
gas phase in which a gas-oil interface is located.
The methods described in this standard are suitable for purchase specifications, general
selection of insulating liquids, product development and quality assurance.
WARNING! Attention is called to national regulations associated with the use of high
voltage, hydrogen and solvents.
2. General notes on the methods
2.1 These methods indicate whether insulating liquids are gas absorbing or gas evolving under the
test conditions. The gassing behaviour of any one insulating liquid is primarily a function of
its chemistry but changes in certain test parameters can modify the results significantly.
2.2 These methods can operate under a variety of gas phase, temperature and voltage stress
conditions. In order to establish uniform criteria of measurement, specific test conditions are
specified which experience has shown to be most informative of the general performance
expected from the liquid dielectric in electrical equipment should ionization occur.
At present, however, though it is generally agreed that gas absorbency of the impregnant
has a positive effect in minimizing ionization problems in impregnated insulation systems used
at high electrical stress, correlation of gassing-cell test results with equipment performance is
limited. Engineering judgement is necessary in interpreting the test results in relation to any
intended application.
2.3 Both methods, have been originally designed for the range of gassing rates characteristic of
mineral insulating liquids. The use of these methods with other liquids may require some
adaptations in the dimensions of the test cell.
628 © I E C 1985 — 9 —
SECTION TWO — METHOD A
3.
Outline of method
This method determines the gassing tendency of an insulating liquid under a hydrogen
atmosphere and expresses the results in terms of gassing rate over a relatively short test period.
After being dried and saturated with hydrogen gas, the insulating liquid and the hydrogen
pocket above the liquid are subjected in the specified cell to a radial electrical stress under the
following experimental conditions:
— voltage: 10 kV;
— frequency: 50 Hz or 60 Hz;
— temperature: 80 °C;
— test duration: 120 min at 50 Hz or 100 min at 60 Hz.
The rate of evolution or absorption of gas resulting from reactions at the gas-oil interface,
is calculated as volume per unit of time from changes in pressure with time.
4.
Apparatus
4.1 Gassing-cell and gas-burette assembly
The gassing-cell illustrated in Figure 1, page 28, with dimensions given in Figure 2, page 29,
consists of the following components:
— Cell made of borosilicate glass with a relative permittivity of 5 ± 0.2 at 80 °C measured
at a stated frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz). The part under stress is constructed of 16 ± 0.2
mm inside diameter and 18 ± 0.2 mm outside diameter precision selected lightwall tubing
according to ISO Standard 4803. This cell has an outer electrode (earth) 60 mm high made
of solvent-resistant silver paint with a vertical slit for observing the oil level and a copper
band for earth connection.
— Hollow high-voltage electrode made of 10 ± 0.1 mm outside diameter centreless-ground
and polished stainless steel seamless tubing No. 11 according to ISO Standard 683/XI11
and containing a 1.0 mm stainless steel capillary tubing as a gas passage.
The electrode shall be supported and centred by a precision machined 24/29 recessed
polytetrafluoroethylene plug.
A 3.0 mm needle valve (E) with gas inlet is on top of the electrode.
Note. — After repeated tests at 80 °C, the shape of the polytetrafluoroethylene plug should be checked because it may
deform and no longer be leak-tight.
Gas burette (Figure 1) made of 7 mm outside diameter borosilicate glass tubing with an
etched scale (mm), tapered glass joint 10/19 (G) for connecting to the gassing-cell, a
by-pass stopcock (D) and three glass bulbs (A, B and C). The correlation between the
reading (mm) and the volume (mm ) must be known.
Note. — Increased capacity of gas-burette is required for highly gas absorbing liquids.
628 © I E C 1985 — 11 —
4.2 Heating device
A transparent oil bath, preferably filled with silicone liquid, with thermostatic control and
liquid circulating system to maintain the bath medium at
80±0.5 °C. The bath may be
equipped with suitable supports for holding the gassing-cell and gas burette.
Note. — If the level of the oil filling drops below a defined minimum, the high voltage should be disconnected
automatically by safety switches. The bath may be provided with an effective circulating cooling system to
allow rapid cooling after the test.
4.3 Transparent safety shield
Fitted with safety electrical interlock switches to protect the operator from parts under high
voltage.
4.4 High-voltage transformer
The transformer and its controlling equipment shall be of such size and design that, with
a filled gassing-cell in the circuit, the peak factor (ratio of peak value to r.m.s. value) of the
test voltage shall not differ by more than ±5% from that of a sinusoidal wave while
maintaining 10 kV ± 2%.
4.5 Thermometer
Any convenient thermometer for measuring a temperature of 80 ±
0.1 °C (e.g. ISO Stan-
dard 653 - STL/0.1/60/85).
4.6 Syringe
A convenient glass syringe, volume 10 cm3.
5. Reagents
5.1
Hydrogen with oxygen content less than 10 mm 3/dm 3
and water content less than 2 mm3/dm3
from a cylinder with two-stage pressure reducer and a fine flow regulator.
5.2 Dibutyl phthalate, technical grade.
5.3 1,1,1-trichloroethane, technical grade.
5.4 n-heptane, analytical grade.
5.5
Silicone vacuum grease.
6. Preparation of the apparatus
General remark:
As the gassing tendency of liquids may be strongly influenced by solvents, it is important
that no traces of solvent remain after the cleaning procedure.
628 © I E C 1985 — 13 —
6.1 Clean the glass cell by first rinsing it inside and outside with 1,1,1-trichloroethane then with
n-heptane. Then, refill the cell with n-heptane and scrub with a stiff brush of polyamide fibres
to remove deposits from previous test.
Insert a smaller brush into the tapered joint (G) and scrub out silicone grease, taking care
that none of the grease enters the cell. Again rinse with n-heptane and blow dry with clean
compressed air.
Check the painted-on silver electrode, and touch up if necessary.
6.2 Clean the hollow electrode by blowing out the capillary tube with clean compressed air, rinsing
the oil off the entire electrode with 1,1,1-trichloroethane and wiping off any deposit with tissue
paper.
Polish the surface of the stainless steel shaft of the electrode with a suitable device, such as
a buffing wheel; wipe off the buffing compound carefully with tissue paper moistened with
1,1,1-trichloroethane. Rinse again first with 1,1,1-trichloroethane, then with n-heptane. Blow
dry with clean compressed air and complete drying in an oven at 80 °C.
6.3 Apply a light coat of silicone vacuum grease to the stopcock (D) and the standard tapered joint
(G) and assemble the glass cell and burette, but do not insert the electrode into the glass cell.
6.4 Fill the burette to the half-full mark with dibutyl phthalate.
6.5 Clean the syringe with n- heptane then blow dry with compressed air.
7. Procedure
7.1 Filter about 10 cm 3 of the oil sample through a previously dried filter paper and rapidly
introduce 5 ± 0.1 cm 3 of the filtered oil into the glass cell by means of the hypodermic syringe.
7.2 Lightly coat the polytetrafluoroethylene plug of the electrode with the test liquid (to act as a
gas-seal) and insert the electrode into the glass cell.
7.3 Check the bath temperature, which shall be maintained at 80±0.5 °C during the test.
7.4 Suspend the gassing-cell and gas burette assembly in the oil bath at the level indicated in
Figure 1, page 28, and connect the lead from the outside electrode to earth.
7.5 Attach the gas inlet and outlet connections. The gas outlet should lead outside the building,
either directly or through a fume hood.
7.6 Close the stopcock (D) and open the valve (E) to allow the saturating gas to bubble through
the test oil and the burette liquid at a steady rate of 3 dm 3/h for 60 min.
7.7 Open the stopcock (D) and continue bubbling the saturating gas through the test oil for an
additional 5 min.
7.8 After a total of 65 min of gas bubbling, first close the valve (E) and then the stopcock (D),
making certain the liquid levels in the two legs of the burette are equal.
628 © I E C 1985 — 15 —
7.9 Connect the high-voltage lead to the centre electrode.
7.10 Place the transparent safety shield in position and take the burette reading after checking the
bath temperature.
7.11 Turn on the high-voltage and adjust to 10 kV.
7.12 Record the time and the burette level and check the observation slit on the outer electrode
for onset of the gassing reaction.
7.13 After 10 min, record the burette level.
7.14 After an additional 120 min (if 50 Hz) or 100 min (if 60 Hz) again record the burette level
and then turn off the high-voltage.
8. Calculation of the results
Calculate the gassing tendency in the presence of hydrogen as follows:
B10) KI t
G = (B 130 (or 110)—
where:
G = gassing tendency, in cubic millimetres per minute
= burette reading, in millimetres, at 130 (or 110) min of test
B 10^ 130iao i io>
B 10 = buret
...
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