IEC 62660-2:2010

Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part 2: Reliability and abuse testing

IEC 62660-2:2010 specifies test procedures to observe the reliability and abuse behaviour of secondary lithium-ion cells used for propulsion of electric vehicles including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).

Eléments d'accumulateurs lithium-ion pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers électriques - Partie 2: Essais de fiabilité et de traitement abusif

La CEI 62660-2:2010 spécifie les procédures d'essai destinées à observer la fiabilité et le comportement sous traitement abusif des élément d'accumulateurs lithium-ion utilisés pour la propulsion des véhicules électriques, y compris les véhicules électriques à batterie (BEV) et les véhicules électriques hybrides (HEV).

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 15-Dec-2010
• ICS: 27.120 - Nuclear energy engineering
• ICS: 29.220.20 - Acid secondary cells and batteries
• ICS: 43.120 - Electric road vehicles
• Technical Committee: TC 21 - Secondary cells and batteries
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Completion Date: 12-Dec-2018

Relations

• Revised: IEC 62660-2:2018 - Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part 2: Reliability and abuse testing
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 62660-2


®

Edition 1.0 2010-12



INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD



NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside


Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles –
Part 2: Reliability and abuse testing

Éléments d’accumulateurs lithium-ion pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers
électriques –
Partie 2: Essais de fiabilité et de traitement abusif


IEC 62660-2:2010

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---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
IEC 62660-2


®

Edition 1.0 2010-12



INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD



NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside


Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles –
Part 2: Reliability and abuse testing

Éléments d’accumulateurs lithium-ion pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers
électriques –
Partie 2: Essais de fiabilité et de traitement abusif


INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
S
CODE PRIX
ICS 29.220.20, 43.120 ISBN 978-2-88912-302-5
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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– 2 – 62660-2 Ó IEC:2010



CONTENTS

FOREW ORD . 4


INTRODUCTION . 6

1 Sc o pe . 7

2 Normative references . 7


3 Terms and definitions . 7

4 Test conditions . 8

4.1 Ge n eral . 8

4.2 Measuring instruments. 9
4.2.1 Range of measuring devices . 9
4.2.2 Voltage measurement . 9
4.2.3 Current measurement . 9
4.2.4 Temperature measurements . 9
4.2.5 Other measurements . 10
4.3 Tolerance . 10
4.4 Test temperature. 10
5 Electrical measurement . 10
5.1 General charge conditions . 10
5.2 Capacity . 10
5.3 SOC adjustment . 11
6 Reliability and abuse tests . 11
6.1 Mechanical test . 11
6.1.1 Vibration . 11
6.1.2 Mechanical shock . 12
6.1.3 Crush . 13
6.2 Thermal test . 14
6.2.1 High temperature endurance . 14
6.2.2 Temperature cycling . 15
6.3 Electrical test . 18
6.3.1 External short circuit . 18
6.3.2 Overcharge . 19
6.3.3 Forced discharge . 19
7 Description of test results . 20

Annex A (informative) Selective test conditions. 21
Bibliography . 22

Figure 1 – Example of temperature measurement of cell. 9
Figure 2 – PSD of acceleration vs. frequency . 12
Figure 3 – Example of crush test . 14
Figure 4 – BEV current profile for temperature cycling . 16
Figure 5 – SOC level over all test cycles – BEV application . 17
Figure 6 – HEV current profile for temperature cycling. 18

Table 1 – Discharge conditions . 11
Table 2 – Values for PSD and frequency . 12

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62660-2 Ó IEC:2010 – 3 –


Table 3 – Mechanical shock test – parameters . 13

Table 4 – Temperatures and time duration for temperature cycling . 15


Table 5 – Temperatures and time duration for temperature cycling . 16

Table 6 – Test steps and BEV current profile . 17

Table 7 – Test steps and HEV current profile. 18


Table A.1 – Capacity test conditions . 21

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________



SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION CELLS FOR THE PROPULSION

OF ELECTRIC ROAD VEHICLES –



Part 2: Reliability and abuse testing



FOREWORD


1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62660-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 21:

Secondary cells and batteries.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
21/727/FDIS 21/731/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62660 series, published under the general title Secondary lithium-ion
cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles, can be found on the IEC website.

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62660-2 Ó IEC:2010 – 5 –


The committee has decided that the contents of this amendment and the base publication will

remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under

"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the

publication will be


• reconfirmed,

• withdrawn,

• replaced by a revised edition, or

• amended.




IMPORTANT – The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this publication using a colour printer.

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– 6 – 62660-2 Ó IEC:2010


INTRODUCTION


The commercialisation of electric road vehicles including battery, hybrid and plug-in hybrid

electric vehicles has been accelerated in the global market, responding to the global concerns

on CO reduction and energy security. This, in turn, has led to rapidly increasing demand for
2
high-power and high-energy density traction batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are estimated to

be one of the most promising secondary batteries for the propulsion of electric vehicles. In the

light of rapidly diffusing hybrid electric vehicles and emerging battery and plug-in hybrid

electric vehicles, a standard method for testing reliability and abuse requirements of lithium-

ion batteries is indispensable for securing a basic level of safety and obtaining essential data

for the design of vehicle systems and battery packs.

This standard is to specify reliability and abuse testing for automobile traction lithium-ion cells
that basically differ from the other cells including those for portable and stationary
applications specified by the other IEC standards. For automobile application, it is important
to note the usage specificity; i.e. the designing diversity of automobile battery packs and
systems, and specific requirements for cells and batteries corresponding to each of such
designs. Based on these facts, the purpose of this standard is to provide a basic test
methodology with general versatility, which serves a function in common primary testing of
lithium ion cells to be used in a variety of battery systems. For the requirements for cells differ
depending on the system designs of battery pack or vehicle, and should be evaluated by the
users, this standard does not provide any pass-fail criteria for the tests, but specifies a
standard classification of descriptions for test results.
1
This standard is associated with ISO 12405-1-and ISO 12405-2 .
IEC 62660-1 specifies the performance testing of lithium-ion cells for electric vehicle
application.

———————
1
 Under consideration.

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62660-2 Ó IEC:2010 – 7 –


SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION CELLS FOR THE PROPULSION

OF ELECTRIC ROAD VEHICLES –



Part 2: Reliability and abuse testing








1 Scope


This part of IEC 62660 specifies test procedures to observe the reliability and abuse
behaviour of secondary lithium-ion cells used for propulsion of electric vehicles including
battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).
The objective of this standard is to specify the standard test procedures and conditions for
basic characteristics of lithium-ion cells for use in propulsion of battery and hybrid electric
vehicles. The tests are indispensable for obtaining essential data on reliability and abuse
behaviour of lithium-ion cells for use in various designs of battery systems and battery packs.
This standard provides standard classification of description of test results to be used for the
design of battery systems or battery packs.
NOTE 1 The reliability and abuse tests for the electrically connected lithium-ion cells may be performed with
reference to this standard.
NOTE 2 The test specification for lithium-ion battery packs and systems is defined in ISO 12405-1 and
ISO 12405-2 (under consideration).

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-482, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 482: Primary and secondary
cells and batteries
IEC 60068-2-64, Environmental testing – Part 2-64: Tests – Test Fh: Vibration, broadband
random and guidance

IEC 61434, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes –
Guide to the designation of current in alkaline secondary cell and battery standards
ISO 16750-3, Road vehicles – Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and
electronic equipment – Part 3: Mechanical loads
ISO 16750-4, Road vehicles – Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and
electronic equipment – Part 4: Climatic loads
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-482 and the
following apply.

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– 8 – 62660-2 Ó IEC:2010


3.1

battery electric vehicle

BEV

electric vehicle with only a traction battery as power source for vehicle propulsion


3.2

hybrid electric vehicle

HEV

vehicle with both a rechargeable energy storage system and a fuelled power source for

propulsion


3.3
rated capacity
quantity of electricity C Ah (ampere-hours) for BEV and C Ah for HEV declared by the
3 1
manufacturer
3.4
reference test current
I
t
current in amperes which is expressed as
I (A) = C (Ah)/ 1 (h)
t n
where
C is the rated capacity of the cell ;
n
n is the time base (hours).
3.5
room temperature
temperature of 25 °C ± 2 K
3.6
secondary lithium ion cell
secondary single cell whose electrical energy is derived from the insertion/extraction
reactions of lithium ions between the anode and the cathode
NOTE 1 The secondary cell is a basic manufactured unit providing a source of electrical energy by direct
conversion of chemical energy. The cell consists of electrodes, separators, electrolyte, container and terminals,
and is designed to be charged electrically.
NOTE 2 In this standard, cell or secondary cells means the secondary lithium ion cell to be used for the
propulsion of electric road vehicles.

3.7
state of charge
SOC
available capacity in a battery expressed as a percentage of rated capacity
4 Test conditions
4.1 General
The details of the instrumentation used shall be provided in any report of results.

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62660-2 Ó IEC:2010 – 9 –


4.2 Measuring instruments


4.2.1 Range of measuring devices

The instruments used shall enable the values of voltage and current to be measured. The
range of these instruments and measuring methods shall be chosen so as to ensure the

accuracy specified for each test.


For analogue instruments, this implies that the readings shall be taken in the last third of the

graduated scale.


Any other measuring instruments may be used provided they give an equivalent accuracy.

4.2.2 Voltage measurement
The resistance of the voltmeters used shall be at least 1 M W/V.
4.2.3 Current measurement
The entire assembly of ammeter, shunt and leads shall be of an accuracy class of 0,5 or
better.
4.2.4 Temperature measurements
The cell temperature shall be measured by use of a surface temperature measuring device
capable of an equivalent scale definition and accuracy of calibration as specified in 4.2.1. The
temperature should be measured at a location which most closely reflects the cell
temperature. The temperature may be measured at additional appropriate locations, if
necessary.
The examples for temperature measurement are shown in Figure 1. The instructions for
temperature measurement specified by the manufacturer shall be followed.


Prismatic or flat cell Cylindrical cell
Temperature measuring device

Cell
Cell Cell
Insulating material
IEC  2861/10

Figure 1 – Example of temperature measurement of cell

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– 10 – 62660-2 Ó IEC:2010


4.2.5 Other measurements


Other values including capacity and power may be measured by use of a measuring device,

provided that it complies with 4.3.


4.3 Tolerance

The overall accuracy of controlled or measured values, relative to the specified or actual
values, shall be within these tolerances:


a) ±0,1 % for voltage;


b) ±1 % for current;
c) ±2 K for temperature;
d) ±0,1 % for time;
e) ±0,1 % for mass;
f) ±0,1 % for dimensions.
These tolerances comprise the combined accuracy of the measuring instruments, the
measurement technique used, and all other sources of error in the test procedure.
4.4 Test temperature
If not otherwise defined, before each test the cell shall be stabilized at the test temperature
for a minimum of 12 h. This period can be reduced if thermal stabilization is reached. Thermal
stabilization is considered to be reached if after one interval of 1 h, the change of cell
temperature is lower than 1 K.
Unless otherwise stated in this standard, cells shall be tested at room temperature using the
method declared by the manufacturer.
5 Electrical measurement
5.1 General charge conditions
Unless otherwise stated in this standard, prior to electrical measurement test, the cell shall
be charged as follows.
Prior to charging, the cell shall be discharged at room temperature at a constant current
described in Table 1 down to a end-of-discharge voltage specified by the manufacturer. Then,
the cell shall be charged according to the charging method declared by the manufacturer at

room temperature.
5.2 Capacity
Capacity of cell shall be measured in accordance with the following steps.
Step 1 – The cell shall be charged in accordance with 5.1.
After recharge, the cell temperature shall be stabilized in accordance with 4.4.
Step 2 – The cell shall be discharged at specified temperature at a constant current I (A) to
t
the end-of-discharge voltage that is provided by the manufacturer. The discharge current and
temperatures indicated in Table 1 shall be used.
NOTE In addition to Table 1, specific test conditions may be selected based on the agreement between the
manufacturer and the customer. Selective test conditions are shown in Table A.1 in Annex A.

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62660-2 Ó IEC:2010 – 11 –


The method of designation of test current I is defined in IEC 61434.
t


Table 1 – Discharge conditions


Discharge current

A

Temperature
BEV application HEV application

°C

0

25 1/3 I 1 I
t t

45

Step 3 – Measure the discharge endurance duration until the specified end-of-discharge
voltage is reached, and calculate the capacity of cell expressed in Ah up to three significant
figures.
5.3 SOC adjustment
The test cells shall be charged as specified below. The SOC adjustment is the procedure to
be followed for preparing cells to the various SOCs for the tests in this standard.
Step 1 – The cell shall be charged in accordance with 5.1.
Step 2 – The cell shall be left at rest at room temperature in accordance with 4.4.
Step 3 – The cell shall be discharged at a constant current according to Table 1 for (100 –
n)/100 ´ 3 h for BEV application and (100 – n)/100 ´ 1 h for HEV application, where n is SOC
(%) to be adjusted for each test.
6 Reliability and abuse tests
For all the tests specified in this clause, the test installation shall be reported including fixing
and wiring of the cell.
6.1 Mechanical test
6.1.1 Vibration
This test is performed to characterize cell responses to vibration assumed in the use of
vehicle.

6.1.1.1 Test
The test shall be performed as follows.
a) Adjust the SOC of cell to 100 % for BEV application, and to 80 % for HEV application in
accordance with 5.3.
b) Perform the test referring to IEC 60068-2-64 random vibration. Use test duration of 8 h for
each plane of the test cell.
2
c) The r.m.s. acceleration value shall be 27,8 m/s . The power spectrum density (PSD) vs.
frequency is shown in Figure 2 and Table 2. The maximum frequency shall be 2 000 Hz.

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100
100





1010




1
1
00,1,1
0,01
0,01
1 10 100 1 000 10 000
1 10 100 1000 10000
FreFreququeennccy  (Hy [Hzz) ]
IEC  2877/10


Figure 2 – PSD of acceleration vs. frequency
Table 2 – Values for PSD and frequency
Frequency PSD
2 2
Hz (m/s ) /Hz
10 20
55 6,5
180 0,25
300 0,25
360 0,14
1 000 0,14

2 000 0,14

6.1.1.2 Test results
The following shall be measured and recorded as test results:
· cell voltage and capacity at the beginning and at the end of the test;
· conditions of cell at the end of test in accordance with the description specified in
Clause 7.
6.1.2 Mechanical shock
This test is performed to characterize cell responses to mechanical shocks assumed in the
use of vehicle.
2 2
PSPDSD  ([((mm//ss²))²/H/Hzz)

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62660-2 Ó IEC:2010 – 13 –


6.1.2.1 Test


The test shall be performed as follows.


a) Adjust the SOC of cell to 100 % for BEV application and to 80 % for HEV application in

accordance with 5.3.

b) Perform the test in accordance with ISO 16750-3 as shown in Table 3. Acceleration from

the shock in the test shall be applied in the same direction as the acceleration of the

shock that occurs in the vehicle. If the direction of the effect is not known, the cell shall be

tested in all six spatial directions.


Table 3 – Mechanical shock test – parameters
Pulse shape half-sinusoidal
2
Acceleration 500 m/s
Duration 6 ms
Number of shocks 10 per test direction
NOTE If more severe test parameters are requested by any regulation, such test conditions may be applied.
6.1.2.2 Test results
The following
...