IEC TR 63020:2016
(Main)Digital sheet music - Market, use cases, and related technologies
Digital sheet music - Market, use cases, and related technologies
IEC TR 63020:2016(E) provides information related to digital sheet music. It starts with a brief overview of the sheet music market and then explains the use cases for traditional sheet music as well as additional use cases for digitized sheet music (digital sheet music). Finally, it shows examples of each area of technology areas.
General Information
Standards Content (sample)
IEC TR 63020
Edition 1.0 2016-05
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Digital sheet music – Market, use cases, and related technologies
IEC TR 63020:2016-05(en)
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IEC TR 63020
Edition 1.0 2016-05
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Digital sheet music – Market, use cases, and related technologies
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.160.01; 37.080 ISBN 978-2-8322-3287-3
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – IEC TR 63020:2016 © IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................... 3
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 5
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................ 6
2 Normative references..................................................................................................... 6
3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................... 6
4 Overview of the sheet music market ............................................................................... 6
4.1 Market relevance .................................................................................................. 6
4.2 Use cases for the sheet music market ................................................................... 7
4.3 Use cases for the digital sheet music market ......................................................... 8
4.4 Market structure and impact of digitization ............................................................. 9
5 Elements of digital sheet music infrastructure ................................................................. 9
5.1 General ................................................................................................................. 9
5.2 Music notation markup language ......................................................................... 10
5.2.1 General ....................................................................................................... 10
5.2.2 Symbolic music representation (SMR) .......................................................... 10
5.2.3 Standard music description language (SMDL) ............................................... 10
5.2.4 The music encoding initiative (MEI) .............................................................. 10
5.2.5 MusicXML .................................................................................................... 11
5.2.6 LilyPond ...................................................................................................... 11
5.3 Metadata for sheet music .................................................................................... 11
5.3.1 General ....................................................................................................... 11
5.3.2 The Dublin Core metadata element set ......................................................... 11
5.3.3 Music metadata style guide .......................................................................... 11
5.3.4 The music ontology ...................................................................................... 11
5.4 Musical font and font layout ................................................................................. 12
5.4.1 General ....................................................................................................... 12
5.4.2 Standard Music Font Layout (SMuFL) and compliant fonts ............................ 12
5.5 Digital rights management ................................................................................... 12
5.6 Reflowable sheet music ....................................................................................... 12
5.7 Annotation .......................................................................................................... 12
6 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 12
Bibliography ....................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 1 – Market structure and impact of digitization ............................................................ 9
Table 1 – Major use cases for sheet music ............................................................................ 7
Table 2 – List of stakeholders ............................................................................................... 8
Table 3 – Additional use cases for digital sheet music ........................................................... 8
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
DIGITAL SHEET MUSIC – MARKET, USE CASES,
AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES
FOREWORD
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The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".IEC TR 63020, which is a technical report, has been prepared by technical area 10:
Multimedia e-publishing and e-book technologies, of IEC technical committee 100: Audio,
video and multimedia systems and equipment.The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
100/2540/DTR 100/2648/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
– 4 – IEC TR 63020:2016 © IEC 2016
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correctunderstanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
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IEC TR 63020:2016 © IEC 2016 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
Music notation was invented more than 3 000 years ago. As it was with books, the first and
biggest technological change was introduced by the invention of the letterpress in the 14
century. Since then, sheet music technology has changed only insofar as the information age
and the rise of digital media have changed all media. Specific applications of technology to
sheet music are still in the very early stages. Various technologies and standards exist or
have been proposed as standards. Some technology, such as MusicXML [3] , succeeded in
introducing the concept of interoperability and data compatibility to the industry, but most
technologies provided little consideration for interoperability, compatibility with data and
processes, or standardization for quality. In this context, the sheet music industry hasn’t yet
been able to offer mature digital sheet music to the market.This Technical Report starts by reviewing the current industry and the use cases around sheet
music. It then catalogues the technologies currently available in the area of digital sheet
music. Finally, the report combines these two aspects to illustrate the huge potential to
improve digital sheet music technology as well as the added value that standardization offers.
___________Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.
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– 6 – IEC TR 63020:2016 © IEC 2016
DIGITAL SHEET MUSIC – MARKET, USE CASES,
AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES
1 Scope
This Technical Report (TR) provides information related to digital sheet music. It starts with a
brief overview of the sheet music market and then explains the use cases for traditional sheet
music as well as additional use cases for digitized sheet music (digital sheet music). Finally, it
shows examples of each area of technology areas.2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including anyamendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 10744:1997, Information technology – Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language
(HyTime)ISO/IEC 14496-23:2008, Information technology – Coding of audio-visual objects – Part 23:
Symbolic Music RepresentationISO 8879:1986, Information processing – Text and office systems – Standard Generalized
Markup Language (SGML)ISO 15836:2009, Information and documentation – The Dublin Core metadata element set
3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
score
collection of musical notations of different musical instruments for a musical composition
3.2sheet music
piece of paper, sometimes bundled in a book or booklet, with musical symbols printed on it
4 Overview of the sheet music market4.1 Market relevance
Very little information is publicly available on the market size of the sheet music industry.
According to IBISWorld, the sheet music market in the United States in 2013 was 345 M USD.
There is no verified or widely-accepted market size number for the sheet music global market.
Using the number for the US market, this report assumes the global market size of the sheet
music industry is 500 M to 700 M USD. The musical instrument market and musicplayback/performance markets are closely related to the sheet music market, and they
generate 16 B USD and 16,5 B USD, respectively. Sheet music, musical instruments, and
playback/performance are equally important in music, but the sheet music industry is the
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smallest of the three. By enhancing the value of sheet music using the latest technology, the
sheet music industry has a good chance to grow.4.2 Use cases for the sheet music market
Major use cases for sheet music are listed in Table 1. These use cases are categorized into
three groups, i.e. authoring, distribution, and consumption.Table 1 – Major use cases for sheet music
Use case
Category Use case details
label
Authoring Compose Compose songs. Compositions can be as simple as a one bar jingle for
advertisement to full-scale orchestral compositions. Traditional composerstypically use pen and manuscript paper along with musical instruments while
composing. However, composing on computers (desktop music) has also become
common.
Arrange Arrange songs. “Composing” usually refers to creating an original musical work.
On the other hand, “arranging” is to transform original music into other forms,such as creating variations, adding/subtracting parts for different sets of
instruments, as well as the changing of the musical style. Arrangers and
composers have the same requirements for sheet music.
Engraving Composers and arrangers cannot necessarily create playable sheet music. Their
handwriting can be hard to read and the layouts of notes and bars won’t alwaysconsider playability. Musical engravers turn the musical works of composers and
arrangers into commercially-viable and musically-playable sheet music.
Distribution Print Printing music commerci
...
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