ISO TS 80004-4:2011

Nanotechnologies - Vocabulary - Part 4: Nanostructured materials

ISO/TS 80004-4:2011 gives terms and definitions for materials in the field of nanotechnologies where one or more components are nanoscale regions and the materials exhibit properties attributable to the presence of those nanoscale regions. It is intended to facilitate communications between organizations and individuals in industry and those who interact with them. Materials classified as nanostructured have an internal or surface structure with a significant fraction of features, grains, voids or precipitates in the nanoscale. Articles that contain nano-objects or nanostructured materials are not necessarily nanostructured materials themselves. ISO/TS 80004-4:2011 includes nanodispersion.

General Information

• Status: Replaced
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2011
• ICS: 01.040.07 - Natural and applied sciences (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 07.030 - Physics. Chemistry
• ICS: 07.120 - Nanotechnologies
• ICS: 33.060.20 - Receiving and transmitting equipment
• ICS: 33.060.30 - Radio relay and fixed satellite communications systems
• Technical Committee: TC 113 - Nanotechnology for electrotechnical products and systems
• Drafting Committee: JWG 1 - TC 113/JWG 1
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Completion Date: 27-Jul-2023

Relations

• Replaced By: ISO 80004-1:2023 - Nanotechnologies - Vocabulary - Part 1: Core vocabulary
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 80004-4
First edition
2011-12-01
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary —
Part 4:
Nanostructured materials
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulaire —
Partie 4: Matériaux nanostructurés

Reference number
ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)
©  ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56  CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of document:
 an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in
an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members
of the parent committee casting a vote;
 an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting
a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a
further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is
confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an
International Standard or be withdrawn.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TS 80004-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies.
ISO/TS 80004 consists of the following parts, under the general title Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary:
 Part 1: Core terms
 Part 3: Carbon nano-objects
 Part 4: Nanostructured materials
 Part 5: Nano/bio interface
 Part 7: Diagnostics and therapeutics for healthcare
ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)
The following parts are under preparation:
1)
 Part 2: Nano-objects: Nanoparticle, nanofibre and nanoplate
 Part 6: Nanoscale measurement and instrumentation
 Part 8: Nanomanufacturing processes

1) ISO/TS 27687:2008, Nanotechnologies — Terminology and definitions for nano-objects — Nanoparticle, nanofibre
and nanoplate, will be revised as ISO 80004-2.
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)
Introduction
With increasing scientific knowledge and a growing number of technical terms in this field, the purpose of this
Technical Specification is to define important terms for nanostructured materials.
Nanostructured materials are characterized by internal structures or surface structures at the nanoscale.
Nano-objects (material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale) can be nanostructured.
A material should not be classified as nanostructured based solely on its crystalline properties
(three-dimensional arrangements of atoms or molecules forming a crystallite, short range order of atoms in
amorphous or quasi-amorphous phases, grain boundaries, intragranular interfaces, dislocations, etc.). In
contrast, materials with a grain size distribution having a significant fraction of grains in the nanoscale
(nanocrystalline), voids and pores in the nanoscale, or precipitations in the nanoscale (i.e. nano-objects in a
solid matrix) are sufficient features for materials to be classified as “nanostructured” (see
ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, 2.4, nanomaterial). Similarly, almost all materials always have surfaces with
morphological and chemical heterogeneities in the nanoscale. Only surfaces that have been intentionally
modified or textured to have morphological or chemical heterogeneities in the nanoscale identify materials as
“nanostructured”.
Five categories of nanostructured materials are covered in this Technical Specification (see Figure 1):
1) nanostructured powder;
2) nanocomposite;
3) solid nanofoam;
4) nanoporous material;
5) fluid nanodispersion.
For some of these five categories, a number of subcategory terms are also defined. The category and
subcategory terms are not comprehensive; additional categories and subcategories will be added in later
revisions of this Technical Specification.
General terms Nanostructured material
nanostructured
nanophase
nanopore
nanodispersion
nanofoam
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
nanostructured nanocomposite solid nanofoam nanoporous fluid
powder material nanodispersion

Figure 1 — Categories of nanostructured materials defined in this Technical Specification
ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)
In both nanopowders and fluid nanodispersions, the nano-objects (or their aggregates or agglomerates) are
arranged in a non-random distribution (generating a short-range order, i.e. a structure). Also, it is recognized
that in many cases the nano-objects (or their aggregates or agglomerates) will interact with the molecules of
the liquid (particularly in polar liquids) in a thin boundary layer on the surface of each particle. The
homogeneity of properties in the liquid is modified in terms of a “nanostructure”. The effects can be revealed
by physico-chemical measurements.
If, on the other hand, the liquid medium serves as a background and there is no particular interrelation among
the nano-objects contained within it, then such a nanosuspension is not considered “nanostructured” as a
whole but rather just as an ensemble of nano-objects. In this sense, the term “nanosuspension” as defined
here recognizes a grey zone between nanostructured material and a material consisting of nano-objects.
Overall, the conclusion was that the term “nanosuspension” should be included in this Technical Specification
because of its current and expanding usage to describe materials in the field.

vi © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)

Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary —
Part 4:
Nanostructured materials
1 Scope
This Technical Specification gives terms and definitions for materials in the field of nanotechnologies where
one or more components are nanoscale regions and the materials exhibit properties attributable to the
presence of those nanoscale regions. It is intended to facilitate communications between organizations and
individuals in industry and those who interact with them.
Materials have topographical or compositional features at the nanoscale, but this is not sufficient to classify
the material as nanostructured. Materials classified as nanostructured have an internal or surface structure
with a significant fraction of features, grains, voids or precipitates in the nanoscale. Articles that contain nano-
objects or nanostructured materials are not necessarily nanostructured materials themselves.
This Technical Specification includes nanodispersion.
2 Basic terms used in the description of nanostructured material
2.1
nanoscale
size range from approximately 1 nm to 100 nm
NOTE 1 Properties that are not extrapolations from a larger size will typically, but not exclusively, be exhibited in this
size range. For such properties the size limits are considered approximate.
NOTE 2 The lower limit in this definition (approximately 1 nm) is introduced to avoid single and small groups of atoms
from being designated as nano-objects or elements of nanostructures, which might be implied by the absence of a lower
limit.
[ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, definition 2.1]
2.2
nano-object
material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale (2.1)
NOTE Generic term for all discrete nanoscale objects.
[ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, definition 2.5]
2.3
nanomaterial
material with any external dimension in the nanoscale (2.1) or having internal structure or surface structure in
the nanoscale
NOTE This generic term is inclusive of nano-object (2.2) and nanostructured material (2.11).
[ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, definition 2.4]
ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)
2.4
nanoparticle
nano-object (2.2) with all three external dimensions in the nanoscale (2.1)
NOTE If the lengths of the longest to the shortest axes of the nano-object differ significantly (typically by more than
three times), the terms nanofibre (2.5) or nanoplate (2.6) are intended to be used instead of the term nanoparticle.
[ISO/TS 27687:2008, definition 4.1]
2.5
nanofibre
nano-object (2.2) with two similar external dimensions in the nanoscale (2.1) and the third dimension
significantly larger
NOTE Adapted from ISO/TS 27687:2008, definition 4.3.
2.6
nanoplate
nano-object (2.2) with one external dimension in the nanoscale (2.1) and the two other external dimensions
significantly larger
NOTE 1 The smallest external dimension is the thickness of the nanoplate.
NOTE 2 The two significantly larger dimensions are considered to differ from the nanoscale dimension by more than
three times.
NOTE 3 The larger external dimensions are not necessarily in the nanoscale.
[ISO/TS 27687:2008, definition 4.2]
2.7
aggregate
particle comprising strongly bonded or fused particles where the resulting external surface area may be
significantly smaller than the sum of calculated surface areas of the individual components
NOTE 1 The forces holding an aggregate together are strong forces, for example covalent bonds, or those resulting
from sintering or complex physical entanglement.
NOTE 2 Aggregates are also termed secondary particles and the original source particles are termed primary particles.
[ISO/TS 27687:2008, definition 3.3]
2.8
agglomerate
collection of weakly bound particles or aggregates or mixtures of the two where the resulting external surface
area is similar to the sum of the surface areas of the individual components
NOTE 1 The forces holding an agglomerate together are weak forces, for example van der Waals forces, or simple
physical entanglement.
NOTE 2 Agglomerates are also termed secondary particles and the original source particles are termed primary
particles.
[ISO/TS 27687:2008, definition 3.2]
2.9
nanostructure
composition of inter-related constituent parts in which one or more of those parts is a nanoscale (2.1) region
NOTE A region is defined by a boundary representing a discontinuity in properties.
[ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, definition 2.6]
2 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)
2.10
nanostructured
having internal or surface structure in the nanoscale (2.1)
NOTE If external dimensions are in the nanoscale, the term nano-object (2.2) is recommended.
2.11
nanostructured material
material having internal or surface structure in the nanoscale (2.1)
NOTE 1 If external dimensions are in the nanoscale, the term nano-object (2.2) is recommended.
NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, definition 2.7.
2.12
nanophase
physically or chemically distinct region or collective term for physically distinct regions of the same kind in a
material with the discrete regions having one, two or three dimensions in the nanoscale (2.1)
NOTE Nano-objects (2.2) embedded in another phase constitute a nanophase.
2.13
nanopore
cavity with at least one dimension in the nanoscale (2.1), which may contain a gas or liquid
NOTE 1 The shape and content of the cavity can vary. The concept of nanopore overlaps with micropore (pore with
width of about 2 nm or less), mesopore (pore with width between approximately 2 nm and 50 nm), and macropore (pore
with width greater than about 50 nm). See ISO 15901-3:2007.
NOTE 2 When nanopores are appropriately interconnected they may allow for transport through the material
(permeability).
2.14
nanodispersion
material in which nano-objects (2.2) or a nanophase (2.12) are dispersed in a continuous phase of a
different composition
2.15
nanofoam
liquid or solid matrix, filled with a second, gaseous phase, typically resulting in a material of much lower
density with a nanostructured (2.10) matrix, for example having nanoscale (2.1) struts and walls, or a
gaseous nanophase (2.12) consisting of nanoscale bubbles (closed nanofoam), or both
3 Terms describing categories of nanostructured material
3.1
nanostructured powder
powder comprising nanostructured agglomerates (3.1.2), nanostructured aggregates (3.1.1), or other
particles of nanostructured material (2.11)
NOTE The term “powder” is used in the sense of an assembly of discrete particles, usually less than 1 mm in size
(see ISO 3252:1999, definition 1001).
3.1.1
nanostructured aggregate
aggregate (2.7) formed from nano-objects (2.2)
NOTE By definition, aggregates cannot easily release nano-objects.
ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)
3.1.2
nanostructured agglomerate
agglomerate (2.7) of nano-objects (2.2), or agglom
...

TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 80004-4
First edition
2011-12-01
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary —
Part 4:
Nanostructured materials
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulaire —
Partie 4: Matériaux nanostructurés

Reference number
ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)
©  ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56  CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies

(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO

technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been

established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and

non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of document:
 an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in
an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members
of the parent committee casting a vote;
 an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting
a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a
further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is
confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an
International Standard or be withdrawn.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TS 80004-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies.
ISO/TS 80004 consists of the following parts, under the general title Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary:
 Part 1: Core terms
 Part 3: Carbon nano-objects
 Part 4: Nanostructured materials
 Part 5: Nano/bio interface
 Part 7: Diagnostics and therapeutics for healthcare
ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)
The following parts are under preparation:

1)
 Part 2: Nano-objects: Nanoparticle, nanofibre and nanoplate

 Part 6: Nanoscale measurement and instrumentation

 Part 8: Nanomanufacturing processes

1) ISO/TS 27687:2008, Nanotechnologies — Terminology and definitions for nano-objects — Nanoparticle, nanofibre
and nanoplate, will be revised as ISO 80004-2.
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)
Introduction
With increasing scientific knowledge and a growing number of technical terms in this field, the purpose of this

Technical Specification is to define important terms for nanostructured materials.

Nanostructured materials are characterized by internal structures or surface structures at the nanoscale.

Nano-objects (material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale) can be nanostructured.

A material should not be classified as nanostructured based solely on its crystalline properties
(three-dimensional arrangements of atoms or molecules forming a crystallite, short range order of atoms in
amorphous or quasi-amorphous phases, grain boundaries, intragranular interfaces, dislocations, etc.). In
contrast, materials with a grain size distribution having a significant fraction of grains in the nanoscale
(nanocrystalline), voids and pores in the nanoscale, or precipitations in the nanoscale (i.e. nano-objects in a
solid matrix) are sufficient features for materials to be classified as “nanostructured” (see
ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, 2.4, nanomaterial). Similarly, almost all materials always have surfaces with
morphological and chemical heterogeneities in the nanoscale. Only surfaces that have been intentionally
modified or textured to have morphological or chemical heterogeneities in the nanoscale identify materials as
“nanostructured”.
Five categories of nanostructured materials are covered in this Technical Specification (see Figure 1):
1) nanostructured powder;
2) nanocomposite;
3) solid nanofoam;
4) nanoporous material;
5) fluid nanodispersion.
For some of these five categories, a number of subcategory terms are also defined. The category and
subcategory terms are not comprehensive; additional categories and subcategories will be added in later
revisions of this Technical Specification.
General terms Nanostructured material
nanostructured
nanophase
nanopore
nanodispersion
nanofoam
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
nanostructured nanocomposite solid nanofoam nanoporous fluid
powder material nanodispersion

Figure 1 — Categories of nanostructured materials defined in this Technical Specification
ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)
In both nanopowders and fluid nanodispersions, the nano-objects (or their aggregates or agglomerates) are

arranged in a non-random distribution (generating a short-range order, i.e. a structure). Also, it is recognized

that in many cases the nano-objects (or their aggregates or agglomerates) will interact with the molecules of

the liquid (particularly in polar liquids) in a thin boundary layer on the surface of each particle. The

homogeneity of properties in the liquid is modified in terms of a “nanostructure”. The effects can be revealed

by physico-chemical measurements.

If, on the other hand, the liquid medium serves as a background and there is no particular interrelation among

the nano-objects contained within it, then such a nanosuspension is not considered “nanostructured” as a

whole but rather just as an ensemble of nano-objects. In this sense, the term “nanosuspension” as defined

here recognizes a grey zone between nanostructured material and a material consisting of nano-objects.

Overall, the conclusion was that the term “nanosuspension” should be included in this Technical Specification

because of its current and expanding usage to describe materials in the field.

vi © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)

Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary —

Part 4:
Nanostructured materials
1 Scope
This Technical Specification gives terms and definitions for materials in the field of nanotechnologies where
one or more components are nanoscale regions and the materials exhibit properties attributable to the
presence of those nanoscale regions. It is intended to facilitate communications between organizations and
individuals in industry and those who interact with them.
Materials have topographical or compositional features at the nanoscale, but this is not sufficient to classify
the material as nanostructured. Materials classified as nanostructured have an internal or surface structure
with a significant fraction of features, grains, voids or precipitates in the nanoscale. Articles that contain nano-
objects or nanostructured materials are not necessarily nanostructured materials themselves.
This Technical Specification includes nanodispersion.
2 Basic terms used in the description of nanostructured material
2.1
nanoscale
size range from approximately 1 nm to 100 nm
NOTE 1 Properties that are not extrapolations from a larger size will typically, but not exclusively, be exhibited in this
size range. For such properties the size limits are considered approximate.
NOTE 2 The lower limit in this definition (approximately 1 nm) is introduced to avoid single and small groups of atoms
from being designated as nano-objects or elements of nanostructures, which might be implied by the absence of a lower
limit.
[ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, definition 2.1]

2.2
nano-object
material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale (2.1)
NOTE Generic term for all discrete nanoscale objects.
[ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, definition 2.5]
2.3
nanomaterial
material with any external dimension in the nanoscale (2.1) or having internal structure or surface structure in
the nanoscale
NOTE This generic term is inclusive of nano-object (2.2) and nanostructured material (2.11).
[ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, definition 2.4]
ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)
2.4
nanoparticle
nano-object (2.2) with all three external dimensions in the nanoscale (2.1)

NOTE  If the lengths of the longest to the shortest axes of the nano-object differ significantly (typically by more than
three times), the terms nanofibre (2.5) or nanoplate (2.6) are intended to be used instead of the term nanoparticle.

[ISO/TS 27687:2008, definition 4.1]

2.5
nanofibre
nano-object (2.2) with two similar external dimensions in the nanoscale (2.1) and the third dimension

significantly larger
NOTE Adapted from ISO/TS 27687:2008, definition 4.3.
2.6
nanoplate
nano-object (2.2) with one external dimension in the nanoscale (2.1) and the two other external dimensions
significantly larger
NOTE 1 The smallest external dimension is the thickness of the nanoplate.
NOTE 2 The two significantly larger dimensions are considered to differ from the nanoscale dimension by more than
three times.
NOTE 3 The larger external dimensions are not necessarily in the nanoscale.
[ISO/TS 27687:2008, definition 4.2]
2.7
aggregate
particle comprising strongly bonded or fused particles where the resulting external surface area may be
significantly smaller than the sum of calculated surface areas of the individual components
NOTE 1 The forces holding an aggregate together are strong forces, for example covalent bonds, or those resulting
from sintering or complex physical entanglement.
NOTE 2 Aggregates are also termed secondary particles and the original source particles are termed primary particles.
[ISO/TS 27687:2008, definition 3.3]
2.8
agglomerate
collection of weakly bound particles or aggregates or mixtures of the two where the resulting external surface

area is similar to the sum of the surface areas of the individual components
NOTE 1 The forces holding an agglomerate together are weak forces, for example van der Waals forces, or simple
physical entanglement.
NOTE 2 Agglomerates are also termed secondary particles and the original source particles are termed primary
particles.
[ISO/TS 27687:2008, definition 3.2]
2.9
nanostructure
composition of inter-related constituent parts in which one or more of those parts is a nanoscale (2.1) region
NOTE A region is defined by a boundary representing a discontinuity in properties.
[ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, definition 2.6]
2 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(E)
2.10
nanostructured
having internal or surface structure in the nanoscale (2.1)

NOTE If external dimensions are in the nanoscale, the term nano-object (2.2) is recommended.

2.11
nanostructured material
material having internal or surface structure in the nanoscale (2.1)

NOTE 1 If external dimensions are in the nanoscale, the term nano-object (2.2) is recommended.

NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, definition 2.7.
2.12
nanophase
physically or chemically distinct region or collective term for physically distinct regions of the same kind in a
material with the discrete regions having one, two or three dimensions in the nanoscale (2.1)
NOTE Nano-objects (2.2) embedded in another phase constitute a nanophase.
2.13
nanopore
cavity with at least one dimension in the nanoscale (2.1), which may contain a gas or liquid
NOTE 1 The shape and content of the cavity can vary. The concept of nanopore overlaps with micropore (pore with
width of about 2 nm or less), mesopore (pore with width between approximately 2 nm and 50 nm), and macropore (pore
with width greater than about 50 nm). See ISO 15901-3:2007.
NOTE 2 When nanopores are appropriately interconnected they may allow for transport through the material
(permeability).
2.14
nanodispersion
material in which nano-objects (2.2) or a nanophase (2.12) are dispersed in a continuous phase of a
different composition
2.15
nanofoam
liquid or solid matrix, filled with a second, gaseous phase, typically resulting in a material of much lower
density with a nanostructured (2.10) matrix, for example having nanoscale (2.1) struts and walls, or a
gaseous nanophase (2.12) consisting of nanoscale bubbles (closed nanofoam), or both

3 Terms describing categories of nanostructured material
3.1
nanostructured powder
powder comprising nanostructured agglomerates (3.1.2), nanostructured aggregates (3.1.1), or other
particles of nanostructured material (2.11)
NOTE The term “powder” is used in the sense of an assembly of discrete particles, usually less than 1 mm in size
(see ISO 3252:1999, definition 1001).
3.1.1
nanostructured aggregate
aggregate (2.7) formed from nano-objects (2.2)
N
...

SPÉCIFICATION ISO/TS
TECHNIQUE 80004-4
Première édition
2011-12-01
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulaire —
Partie 4:
Matériaux nanostructurés
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary —
Part 4: Nanostructured materials

Numéro de référence
ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(F)
©
ISO 2011
ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(F)
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT

©  ISO 2011
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous
quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit
de l'ISO à l'adresse ci-après ou du comité membre de l'ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56  CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés

ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos . iv

Introduction . vi

1 Domaine d'application . 1

2 Termes de base utilisés pour décrire les matériaux nanostructurés . 1
3 Termes utilisés pour décrire des catégories de matériaux nanostructurés . 4
Bibliographie . 6
Index . 7

ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de

normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée

aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du

comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non

gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec

la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
Dans d'autres circonstances, en particulier lorsqu'il existe une demande urgente du marché, un comité
technique peut décider de publier d'autres types de documents:
 une Spécification publiquement disponible ISO (ISO/PAS) représente un accord entre les experts dans
un groupe de travail ISO et est acceptée pour publication si elle est approuvée par plus de 50 % des
membres votants du comité dont relève le groupe de travail;
 une Spécification technique ISO (ISO/TS) représente un accord entre les membres d'un comité technique
et est acceptée pour publication si elle est approuvée par 2/3 des membres votants du comité.
Une ISO/PAS ou ISO/TS fait l'objet d'un examen après trois ans afin de décider si elle est confirmée pour trois
nouvelles années, révisée pour devenir une Norme internationale, ou annulée. Lorsqu'une ISO/PAS ou
ISO/TS a été confirmée, elle fait l'objet d'un nouvel examen après trois ans qui décidera soit de sa
transformation en Norme internationale soit de son annulation.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO/TS 80004-4 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies.
L'ISO/TS 80004 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Nanotechnologies —

Vocabulaire:
 Partie 1: Termes «cœur»
 Partie 3: Nano-objets en carbone
 Partie 4: Matériaux nanostructurés
 Partie 5: Interface nano/bio
 Partie 7: Diagnostics et thérapies pour les soins de santé
iv © ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés

ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(F)
Les parties suivantes sont en cours d’élaboration:

1)
 Partie 2: Nano-objets: Nanoparticule, nanofibre et nanofeuillet

 Partie 6: Instrumentation et mesurage à l'échelle nanométrique

 Partie 8: Processus de nanofabrication

1) L'ISO/TS 27687:2008 doit faire l'objet d’une révision et devenir l'ISO/TS 80004-2.
ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(F)
Introduction
Compte tenu du développement des connaissances scientifiques et du nombre croissant de termes

techniques dans le domaine des matériaux nanostructurés, la présente Spécification technique vise à définir

les termes importants relatifs à ces matériaux.

Les matériaux nanostructurés sont caractérisés par leurs structures internes ou de surface à l'échelle

nanométrique. Les nano-objets (matériaux dont une, deux ou trois dimensions externes sont à l'échelle
nanométrique) peuvent être nanostructurés.
Il convient de ne pas classer un matériau parmi les matériaux nanostructurés sur la seule considération de
ses propriétés cristallines (arrangements tridimensionnels des atomes ou des molécules formant une
cristallite, ordre à courte distance des atomes dans les phases amorphes ou quasi-amorphes, joints de grains,
interfaces intragranulaires, dislocations, etc.). En revanche, des matériaux avec une distribution des tailles de
grains présentant une fraction significative de grains à l'échelle nanométrique, avec des cavités et des pores à
l'échelle nanométrique, ou avec des précipités à l'échelle nanométrique (c'est-à-dire des nano-objets dans
une matrice solide), sont dotés de caractéristiques suffisantes pour être classés parmi les matériaux
«nanostructurés» (voir l’ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, 2.4 nanomatériau). De même, la quasi-totalité des matériaux
présente des surfaces avec des hétérogénéités morphologiques ou chimiques à l'échelle nanométrique, mais
seuls les matériaux dont les surfaces ont été intentionnellement modifiées ou texturées pour présenter des
hétérogénéités morphologiques ou chimiques à l'échelle nanométrique sont considérés comme
«nanostructurés».
La présente Spécification technique couvre cinq catégories de matériaux nanostructurés:
a) poudre nanostructurée;
b) nanocomposite;
c) nanomousse solide;
d) matériau nanoporeux;
e) nanodispersion fluide.
Pour certaines de ces cinq catégories, des termes relatifs à des sous-catégories sont également définis. La
liste des termes de ces catégories et sous-catégories n'est pas exhaustive. Des catégories et sous-catégories
supplémentaires seront ajoutées lors des révisions ultérieures de la présente Spécification technique.

Matériau nanostructuré
Termes généraux
. nanostructuré
. nanophase
. nanopore
. nanodispersion
. nanomousse
3.1 poudre 3.3 nanomousse 3.4 matériau 3.5 nanodispersion
3.2 nanocomposite
nanostructurée solide nanoporeux fluide

Figure 1 — Catégories de matériaux nanostructurés définies dans la présente Spécification technique
vi © ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés

ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(F)
Dans les nanopoudres et les nanodispersions fluides, les nano-objets (ou leurs agrégats ou agglomérats) sont

distribués de façon non aléatoire (produisant ainsi un ordre à courte distance, c'est-à-dire une structure). Il est

également admis que, très souvent, les nano-objets (ou leurs agrégats ou agglomérats) interagissent avec les

molécules du liquide (en particulier s'il est polaire) dans une fine couche limite à la surface de chaque

particule. L'homogénéité des propriétés du liquide est modifiée en termes de «nanostructure». Ces effets

peuvent être mis en évidence par des mesurages physico-chimiques.

Si, au contraire, le liquide sert uniquement de milieu et qu'il n'y a pas d'interaction particulière entre les nano-

objets qu'il contient, il s'agit d'une nanosuspension qui ne peut pas être considérée comme «nanostructurée»

dans son ensemble, mais plutôt comme un ensemble de nano-objets. En ce sens, la définition de

«nanosuspension» proposée ici admet que la frontière est floue entre les matériaux dits nanostructurés et les

matériaux composés de nano-objets. Il a finalement été décidé d'inclure cette définition dans la présente

Spécification technique car le terme «nanosuspension» est utilisé, et tend à l'être de plus en plus, pour décrire
des matériaux du domaine.
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(F)

Nanotechnologies — Vocabulaire —

Partie 4:
Matériaux nanostructurés
1 Domaine d'application
La présente Spécification technique établit les termes et définitions relatifs aux matériaux du domaine des
nanotechnologies, c'est-à-dire les matériaux qui comprennent une ou plusieurs régions à l'échelle
nanométrique et qui présentent des propriétés imputables à la présence de ces régions à l'échelle
nanométrique. Elle est destinée à faciliter la communication entre les organismes et les individus du secteur
industriel et leurs interlocuteurs.
Les matériaux possèdent des caractéristiques topographiques et de composition à l'échelle nanométrique,
mais ce critère n'est pas suffisant pour qu’ils soient classés parmi les matériaux nanostructurés. Pour
appartenir à cette catégorie, un matériau doit avoir une structure interne ou de surface qui présente une
fraction significative de caractéristiques, de grains, de cavités ou de précipités à l'échelle nanométrique. Les
articles qui contiennent des nano-objets ou des matériaux nanostructurés ne sont pas nécessairement eux-
mêmes des matériaux nanostructurés.
La présente Spécification technique inclut la nanodispersion.
2 Termes de base utilisés pour décrire les matériaux nanostructurés
2.1
échelle nanométrique
échelle de longueur s'étendant approximativement de 1 nm à 100 nm
NOTE 1 Les propriétés qui ne constituent pas des extrapolations par rapport à des dimensions plus grandes sont
généralement, mais pas exclusivement, présentes dans cette échelle de longueur. Pour ces propriétés, les limites
dimensionnelles indiquées sont approximatives.
NOTE 2 Dans cette définition, une limite inférieure (approximativement 1 nm) a été introduite pour éviter que des

atomes individuels ou de petits groupes d’atomes soient considérés comme des nano-objets ou des éléments de
nanostructures, ce qui aurait pu être le cas en l’absence d'une telle limite.
[ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, définition 2.1]
2.2
nano-objet
matériau ayant une, deux ou les trois dimensions externes à l'échelle nanométrique (2.1)
NOTE Terme générique pour tous les objets discrets à l'échelle nanométrique.
[ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, définition 2.5]
ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(F)
2.3
nanomatériau
matériau ayant une dimension externe à l'échelle nanométrique (2.1), ou possédant une structure interne ou

une structure de surface à l'échelle nanométrique

NOTE Ce terme générique comprend les nano-objets (2.2) et les matériaux nanostructurés (2.11).

[ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, définition 2.4]

2.4
nanoparticule
nano-objet (2.2) ayant les trois dimensions externes à l'échelle nanométrique (2.1)

NOTE Si les longueurs du plus grand et du plus petit axe du nano-objet diffèrent de manière significative
(généralement d’un facteur supérieur à trois), les termes nanofibre (2.5) ou nanoplaque (2.6) sont destinés à être utilisés
à la place du terme nanoparticule.
[ISO/TS 27687:2008, définition 4.1]
2.5
nanofibre
nano-objet (2.2) ayant deux dimensions externes similaires à l'échelle nanométrique (2.1) et la troisième
dimension externe significativement plus grande
NOTE Adapté de l’ISO/TS 27687:2008, définition 4.3.
2.6
nanoplaque
nano-objet (2.2) ayant une dimension externe à l'échelle nanométrique (2.1) et les deux autres dimensions
externes significativement plus grandes
NOTE 1 La plus petite des dimensions externes est l’épaisseur de la nanoplaque.
NOTE 2 Les deux dimensions externes significativement plus grandes diffèrent de la dimension à l'échelle
nanométrique d’un facteur supérieur à trois.
NOTE 3 Les dimensions externes les plus grandes ne sont pas nécessairement à l'échelle nanométrique.
[ISO/TS 27687:2008, définition 4.2]
2.7
agrégat
particule composée de particules fortement liées ou fusionnées, dont la surface externe résultante peut être
significativement plus petite que la somme des surfaces calculées de chacun des éléments qui la composent

NOTE 1 Les forces qui assurent la cohésion d'un agrégat sont, par exemple, des liaisons fortes, de nature covalente
ou des forces résultant d'un frittage ou d'une intrication physique complexe.
NOTE 2 Les agrégats sont également appelés particules secondaires et les particules sources initiales sont appelées
particules primaires.
[ISO/TS 27687:2008, définition 3.3]
2.8
agglomérat
ensemble de particules ou d'agrégats, ou mélange de deux, faiblement liés, dont la surface externe résultante
est sensiblement égale à la somme des surfaces de chacun des éléments qui le composent
NOTE 1 Les forces qui assurent la cohésion d'un agglomérat sont, par exemple, des liaisons faibles, des forces de
Van der Waals ou des forces résultant d'une intrication physique simple.
2 © ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés

ISO/TS 80004-4:2011(F)
NOTE 2
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