IEC TR 62351-12:2016

Power systems management and associated information exchange - Data and communications security - Part 12: Resilience and security recommendations for power systems with distributed energy resources (DER) cyber-physical systems

IEC TR 62351-12:2016(E) discusses cyber security recommendations and engineering/operational strategies for improving the resilience of power systems with interconnected Distributed Energy Resources (DER) systems. It covers the resilience requirements for the many different stakeholders of these dispersed cyber-physical generation and storage devices, with the goal of enhancing the safety, reliability, power quality, and other operational aspects of power systems, particularly those with high penetrations of DER systems. It addresses the resilience issues for cyber-physical DER systems interconnected with the power grid, building on the concepts and the hierarchical architecture described in the Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP) draft DRGS Subgroup B White Paper - Categorizing Use Cases in Hierarchical DER Systems.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 06-Apr-2016
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 29.140.10 - Lamp caps and holders
• ICS: 33.200 - Telecontrol. Telemetering
• Technical Committee: TC 57 - Power systems management and associated information exchange
• Drafting Committee: WG 10 - TC 57/WG 10
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 30-Jun-2016
• Completion Date: 07-Apr-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC TR 62351-12 ®
Edition 1.0 2016-04
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Power systems management and associated information exchange – Data and
communications security –
Part 12: Resilience and security recommendations for power systems with
distributed energy resources (DER) cyber-physical systems

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IEC TR 62351-12 ®
Edition 1.0 2016-04
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Power systems management and associated information exchange – Data and

communications security –
Part 12: Resilience and security recommendations for power systems with

distributed energy resources (DER) cyber-physical systems

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-3255-2

– 2 – IEC TR 62351-12:2016 © IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 8
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references. 10
3 Terms and definitions . 11
4 Abbreviations and acronyms . 12
5 DER architectures and DER cyber-physical concepts . 13
5.1 Resiliency challenge for power systems with DER systems . 13
5.2 Five-level DER hierarchical architecture . 14
5.3 DER system interfaces . 17
5.4 Resilience at different DER architectural levels . 18
5.5 DER Systems as cyber-physical systems . 19
5.5.1 Protecting cyber-physical DER systems . 19
5.5.2 Cyber-physical threats . 20
5.5.3 Resilience measures for cyber-physical systems . 21
6 Threats, vulnerabilities, and impacts on power system resilience . 23
6.1 Threats – engineering and cyber . 23
6.1.1 Physical and electrical threats – mostly but not entirely inadvertent . 23
6.1.2 Cyber threats – inadvertent and deliberate . 23
6.2 Vulnerabilities – engineering and cyber vulnerabilities . 26
6.2.1 General . 26
6.2.2 Power system vulnerabilities and attacks . 26
6.2.3 Cyber security vulnerabilities and attacks . 28
6.3 Risk management and mitigation techniques . 30
6.3.1 Risk handling . 30
6.3.2 Risk mitigation categories . 31
6.4 Impacts on power system resilience . 33
6.4.1 Safety impacts . 33
6.4.2 Power outage impacts . 34
6.4.3 Power quality impacts . 35
6.4.4 Financial impacts . 35
6.4.5 Regulatory and legal impacts . 36
6.4.6 Environmental impacts . 36
6.4.7 Goodwill and other “soft” impacts . 36
6.5 DER stakeholders' resilience responsibilities . 36
6.6 Resilience Measures for DER systems to counter threats . 37
6.6.1 General IT cyber security approach for DER systems . 37
6.6.2 Resilience by engineering designs and operational strategies . 38
7 Level 1 DER System resilience recommendations . 38
7.1 General . 38
7.2 Level 1 DER system: architecture . 38
7.3 Level 1 DER system: vulnerabilities . 40
7.3.1 General . 40
7.3.2 Cyber vulnerabilities . 40
7.3.3 Engineering design and development vulnerabilities . 40

7.3.4 Deployment and operational vulnerabilities . 41
7.4 Level 1 DER system: impacts . 41
7.5 Level 1 DER system: resilience recommendations . 44
7.5.1 General . 44
7.5.2 Manufacturer: DER system design for resilience recommendations . 44
7.5.3 Integrator and installer: DER setup for meeting resilience
recommendations . 45
7.5.4 Testing personnel: resilient DER system interconnection testing
recommendations . 47
7.5.5 DER user: access recommendations . 48
7.5.6 ICT designers: requirements for local DER communications . 48
7.5.7 Security managers: alarming, logging, and reporting cyber security
recommendations . 50
7.5.8 Maintenance personnel: resilience recommendations for maintenance,
updating and re-testing, systems . 50
7.5.9 Recommended coping actions during an attack or failure . 51
7.5.10 Recommended recovery and analysis actions after an attack or failure . 52
8 Level 2: Facilities DER energy management (FDEMS) resilience
recommendations . 52
8.1 Level 2 FDEMS: architecture . 52
8.2 Level 2 FDEMS: Vulnerabilities . 54
8.3 Level 2 FDEMS: Impacts . 54
8.4 Level 2 FDEMS: Resilience recommendations . 56
8.4.1 General . 56
8.4.2 Manufacturer: Design of FDEMS resilience recommendations . 56
8.4.3 Integrators and installer: FDEMS implementation for meeting resilience
recommendations . 57
8.4.4 Testing personnel: Resilient FDEMS testing recommendations. 60
8.4.5 FDEMS users: Access recommendations . 60
8.4.6 FDEMS ICT designers: Resilience recommendations . 61
8.4.7 Security managers: Alarming, logging, and reporting recommendations . 63
8.4.8 Maintenance personnel: Resilience recommendations for maintenance,
updating and re-testing, systems . 63
8.4.9 Recommended coping actions during an attack or failure . 64
8.4.10 Recommended recovery and analysis actions after an attack or failure . 65
9 Level 3: Third parties: Retail energy provider or aggregators resilience
recommendations . 66
9.1 Level 3: Third parties: ICT architecture . 66
9.2 Level 3: Third parties: ICT vulnerabilities . 67
9.3 Level 3: Third parties: ICT impacts . 68
9.4 Level 3: Third parties ICT: Resilience recommendations . 69
9.4.1 Third party ICT designers: Resilience recommendations . 69
9.4.2 ICT users: Access recommendations . 71
10 Level 4: Distribution operations analysis resilience recommendations . 72
10.1 Level 4 DSO analysis: Architecture . 72
10.2 Level 4 DSO analysis: Vulnerabilities . 73
10.3 Level 4 DSO analysis: Impacts . 74
10.4 Level 4 DSO analysis: Resilience recommendations . 76
10.4.1 Resilient design of distribution grid equipment with DER systems . 76
10.4.2 Resilience through DSO grid operations with DER systems . 76

– 4 – IEC TR 62351-12:2016 © IEC 2016
10.4.3 Resilience through power system analysis . 77
10.4.4 Resilience by stakeholder training . 78
Annex A (informative) NISTIR 7628 Smart Grid Catalog of Security Requirements . 79
A.1 NISTIR 7628 families of security requirements . 79
A.2 Detailed NISTIR 7626 Catalogue of Smart Grid Security Requirements . 80
Annex B (informative) IT security guidelines . 85
B.1 Overview of cyber security issues for DER systems .
...