IEC 60627:2013

Diagnostic X-ray imaging equipment - Characteristics of general purpose and mammographic anti-scatter grids

IEC 60627:2013 is applicable to anti-scatter grids used in medical diagnostic X-ray imaging equipment. Anti-Scatter Grids are used to reduce the incidence of scattered radiation, produced particularly in the body of the patient, upon the image reception area and thus to improve the contrast of the X-ray pattern. This International Standard specifies the definitions, determination and indication of characteristics of anti-scatter grids. In this standard only linear grids are considered. Since at present only focused grids are used in mammography, this standard is restricted to focused grids where mammographic anti-scatter grids are concerned. This standard is not intended to be applied for acceptance tests. This standard does not cover the homogeneity of performance over the area of a grid. This standard is intended to be applied for the determination of the characteristics of anti-scatter grids under test conditions. These conditions are not usually available at the site of the responsible organization. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2001, and constitutes a technical revision. In this revision calcium tungstate phosphor fluorescent screens, which are no longer available, have been replaced by gadolinium oxysulphide (GOS) fluorescent screens. Further, a new quality parameter is introduced: the Image Improvement Factor or Q-factor, which better describes the properties of the anti-scatter grid, especially for digital detector applications. Further differences between this third edition and the previous second edition are:
- new instrumentation is prescribed for measurements of the transmission of primary radiation, the transmission of scattered radiation and the transmission of total radiation, because fluorescent screens made of calcium tungstate phosphors are outdated and are no longer available;
- the definition of the phantom used for measurements of the transmission of primary radiation, the transmission of scattered radiation and the transmission of total radiation is modified and references to IEC 61267 are omitted;
- and the radiation conditions used for the measurements have been adapted and are now the RQR and RQR-M conditions specified in IEC 61267:2005.

Equipements de diagnostic par imagerie à rayonnement X - Caractéristiques des grilles antidiffusantes d'usage général et de mammographie

La CEI 60627:2013 s'applique aux grilles antidiffusantes utilisées dans les équipements médicaux de diagnostic par imagerie à rayonnement X. Les grilles antidiffusantes sont utilisées afin de réduire l'incidence du rayonnement diffusé, en particulier celui émis dans le corps du patient, sur la surface réceptrice de l'image et donc afin d'améliorer le contraste de l'image radiologique potentielle. La présente Norme internationale spécifie les définitions, la détermination et l'indication des caractéristiques des grilles antidiffusantes. La présente norme ne traite que des grilles linéaires. Puisqu'à présent, seules les grilles focalisées sont utilisées en mammographie, la présente norme se limite aux grilles focalisées comprenant des grilles antidiffusantes mammographiques. La présente norme n'est pas destinée à être appliquée aux essais de réception. La présente norme ne couvre pas l'homogénéité des performances sur la surface d'une grille. Il est prévu que la présente norme soit appliquée à la détermination des caractéristiques des grilles antidiffusantes dans des conditions d'essai. Ces conditions ne sont habituellement pas rencontrées sur le site de l'organisme responsable. Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition publiée en 2001 dont elle constitue une révision technique. Dans la présente révision, les écrans fluorescents constitués de phosphore au tungstate de calcium, qui ne sont désormais plus disponibles, ont été remplacés par des écrans fluorescents constitués d'oxysulfure de gadolinium (GOS). Par ailleurs, un nouveau paramètre de qualité est introduit: le facteur d'amélioration de l'image ou facteur Q, qui décrit de manière plus appropriée les propriétés de la grille antidiffusante, notamment pour les applications de détection numériques. Les autres différences entre cette troisième édition et la deuxième édition précédente sont les suivantes:
- un nouveau dispositif de mesurage est spécifié pour les mesurages de la transmission du rayonnement primaire, la transmission du rayonnement diffuse et la transmission du rayonnement total, étant donné que les écrans fluorescents constitués de phosphores au tungstate de calcium sont démodés et ne sont dorénavant plus disponibles;
- la définition du fantôme utilisé pour les mesurages de la transmission du rayonnement primaire, la transmission du rayonnement diffuse et la transmission du rayonnement total est modifiée et les références à la CEI 61267 sont omises;
- et les conditions de rayonnement utilisées pour les mesurages ont été adaptées et constituent désormais les conditions RQR et RQR-M spécifiées dans la CEI 61267:2005.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 08-Jul-2013
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 11.040.50 - Radiographic equipment
• ICS: 33.060.30 - Radio relay and fixed satellite communications systems
• Technical Committee: SC 62B - Medical imaging equipment, software, and systems
• Drafting Committee: MT 50 - TC 62/SC 62B/MT 50
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 31-Jul-2013
• Completion Date: 09-Jul-2013

Relations

• Revises: IEC 60627:2001 - Diagnostic X-ray imaging equipment - Characteristics of general purpose and mammographic anti-scatter grids
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 60627 ®
Edition 3.0 2013-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Diagnostic X-ray imaging equipment –
Characteristics of general purpose and mammographic anti-scatter grids

Équipements de diagnostic par imagerie à rayonnement X –
Caractéristiques des grilles antidiffusantes d'usage général et de
mammographie
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IEC 60627 ®
Edition 3.0 2013-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Diagnostic X-ray imaging equipment –

Characteristics of general purpose and mammographic anti-scatter grids

Équipements de diagnostic par imagerie à rayonnement X –

Caractéristiques des grilles antidiffusantes d'usage général et de

mammographie
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX V
ICS 11.040.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-0917-2

– 2 – 60627 © IEC:2013
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
3.1 Grid definitions . 9
3.2 Geometric characteristics . 10
3.3 Physical characteristics . 10
3.4 Other terms . 11
4 Structure of ANTI-SCATTER GRIDS . 12
5 Measurement and determination of physical characteristics . 12
5.1 Method and arrangement for measurement . 12
5.1.1 Determination of physical characteristics . 12
5.1.2 Instrumentation . 13
5.1.3 Phantoms . 14
5.1.4 Arrangements . 14
5.1.5 Radiation conditions . 16
5.1.6 Constancy of source . 16
5.2 Physical characteristics . 16
5.2.1 Measurements for the TRANSMISSION OF PRIMARY RADIATION (T ). 16
p
5.2.2 Measurements for the TRANSMISSION OF SCATTERED RADIATION (T ) . 16
s
5.2.3 Measurements for the TRANSMISSION OF TOTAL RADIATION (T ) . 17
t
5.2.4 Calculation of the GRID SELECTIVITY (Σ) . 17
5.2.5 Calculation of the CONTRAST IMPROVEMENT RATIO (K) . 17
5.2.6 Calculation of the GRID EXPOSURE FACTOR (B) . 17
5.2.7 Calculation of the IMAGE IMPROVEMENT FACTOR (Q) . 17
5.2.8 Accuracy of measurements . 17
6 Requirements for ANTI-SCATTER GRIDS . 18
6.1 Manufacturing tolerances . 18
6.2 Determination of the APPLICATION LIMITS . 18
6.3 Accuracy of characteristics . 18
6.3.1 GRID SELECTIVITY . 18
6.3.2 CONTRAST IMPROVEMENT RATIO . 18
6.3.3 GRID EXPOSURE FACTOR . 18
6.3.4 IMAGE IMPROVEMENT FACTOR . 19
6.4 Markings and ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS . 19
6.4.1 Data in ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS . 19
6.4.2 Mandatory markings and indications for LINEAR GRIDS . 19
6.4.3 Mandatory markings and indications for FOCUSED GRIDS . 19
6.4.4 Additional mandatory markings and indications . 19
6.4.5 Further requirements . 20
Annex A (normative) Calculation of the APPLICATION LIMITS . 27
Annex B (informative) Influence of scatter fraction on the physical characteristics . 30
Bibliography . 32
Index of defined terms used in this standard . 33

60627 © IEC:2013 – 3 –
Figure 1 – Structure of ANTI-SCATTER GRIDS . 21
Figure 2 – RADIATION DETECTOR . 22
Figure 3 – Measurement arrangement for general purpose ANTI-SCATTER GRIDS with
NARROW-BEAM CONDITION (determination of the TRANSMISSION OF PRIMARY RADIATION) . 23
Figure 4 – Measurement arrangement for general-purpose ANTI-SCATTER GRIDS with
BROAD BEAM CONDITION (determination of the TRANSMISSION OF SCATTERED RADIATION). 24
Figure 5 – Measurement arrangement for MAMMOGRAPHIC ANTI-SCATTER GRIDS with
NARROW-BEAM CONDITION (determination of the TRANSMISSION OF PRIMARY RADIATION) . 25
Figure 6 – Measurement arrangement for MAMMOGRAPHIC ANTI-SCATTER GRIDS with
BROAD BEAM CONDITION (determination of the TRANSMISSION OF SCATTERED RADIATION). 26
Figure B.1 – Physical characteristics as function of scatter fraction: SELECTIVITY Σ
(dash-dotted line), CONTRAST IMPROVEMENT RATIO K (dotted line), GRID EXPOSURE
B (dashed line), and IMAGE IMPROVEMENT FACTOR Q (solid line) . 31
FACTOR
– 4 – 60627 © IEC:2013
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY IMAGING EQUIPMENT –

Characteristics of general purpose and
mammographic anti-scatter grids

FOREWORD
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