ISO 10795:2019

Space systems - Programme management and quality - Vocabulary

This document provides definitions of all common terms used in the area of space systems and operations for programme management and quality. It does not contain terms specific to an individual International Standard in the area of space systems and operations, which are defined in that particular International Standard.

Systèmes spatiaux — Management de programme et qualité — Vocabulaire

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 11-Jul-2019
• ICS: 01.040.49 - Aircraft and space vehicle engineering (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 49.140 - Space systems and operations
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 20/SC 14 - Space systems and operations
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 20/SC 14/WG 5 - Space System Program Management and Quality
• Current Stage: 9060 - Close of review
• Completion Date: 04-Mar-2030

Relations

• Revises: ISO 10795:2011 - Space systems - Programme management and quality - Vocabulary
• Effective Date: 24-Dec-2016

Overview

ISO 10795:2019 - Space systems - Programme management and quality - Vocabulary is an ISO international standard that defines the common terminology used in space systems and space operations for programme management and quality. The second edition (2019) provides authoritative definitions to support consistent communication across projects, contracts, verification, product assurance and systems engineering. It is intended for management, engineering and product assurance activities and does not replace terms that are specific to individual space standards.

Key topics and technical focus

The standard organizes and defines terms relevant to programme management and quality assurance in space projects. Key topics covered include:

• Terms and definitions for programme management, verification and validation, and product assurance (e.g., acceptance, acceptance test, acceptance criteria, assurance).
• Risk and safety vocabulary (e.g., acceptable risk, acceptance of risk, accepted risk).
• Configuration and lifecycle terms (e.g., as-built, as-delivered, as-designed, configuration baseline).
• Verification, audit and assessment (e.g., audit, analysis, assessment, anomaly).
• Operational and certification concepts (e.g., authorization, availability, commissioning, certification).
• Supporting terms for models and hardware development (e.g., breadboard, qualification model, flight spare).

ISO 10795:2019 also includes abbreviated terms and a bibliography; it cites related definitions from standards such as ISO 9000, ISO 14620, ISO 16290 and others where applicable.

Practical applications

ISO 10795:2019 provides a single source of agreed vocabulary to reduce ambiguity across all phases of a space programme:

• Harmonizes language used in contracts, procurement specifications and acceptance criteria to avoid disputes.
• Standardizes terminology for test plans, verification reports and audits, improving traceability and regulatory review.
• Supports consistent risk management and safety assessments by defining risk‑related terms.
• Assists configuration management and status reporting (as‑built/as‑designed/as‑delivered).
• Improves communication between prime contractors, suppliers, space agencies, certification bodies and auditors.

Adopting these definitions helps organizations implement quality management, systems engineering and product assurance processes more effectively across international teams and suppliers.

Who should use this standard

• Programme managers and project leads in space systems
• Systems engineers and verification engineers
• Product assurance, quality managers and auditors
• Contract authors, procurement officers and suppliers
• Regulatory and certification authorities involved in space operations

Related standards and resources

ISO 10795 references and aligns with established ISO/IEC terminology resources and standards such as:

• ISO Online Browsing Platform and IEC Electropedia (terminology databases)
• ISO 9000 series (quality management fundamentals)
• ISO 14620, ISO 16290 and other space-related standards cited in the document

Using ISO 10795:2019 as a vocabulary baseline supports clearer documentation, consistent compliance and improved interoperability across international space programmes.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10795
Second edition
2019-07
Space systems — Programme
management and quality —
Vocabulary
Systèmes spatiaux — Management de programme et qualité —
Vocabulaire
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Email: [e-mail]
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms .39
Bibliography .40
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles,
Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10795:2011), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the following terms have been added: acceptable risk, acceptance of risk, assurance, authorization,
availability, breadboard, breakdown structure, cause, caution condition, certificate of conformity,
certification, commissioning, counterfeit part, critical , critical , flight spare,
functional specification, ground segment, implementation document, information system, interface
control document, key characteristic, milestone, orbital disposal, qualification model, re-entry,
review board, space segment, space segment element, special requirements, systems engineering,
and systems engineering management;
— the following terms have been removed: audit client, audit conclusion, audit criteria, audit evidence,
audit findings, availability of an item, certificate of compliance, certification procedure, Critical,
launch vehicle, non-conformance, normative reference, organizational structure, part, quality
manual, quality planning, space element, and spare parts.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Introduction
It is intended that this document be applied for the management, engineering, and product assurance in
space projects and applications. The definitions in this document specify what is accomplished, rather
than how the necessary work is organized and carried out. This allows the application of existing
organizational structures and methods where they are effective, and for the structures and methods
to evolve as necessary without rewriting the standards. The formulation of this document takes into
account the existing International Standards prepared by ISO/TC 176, Quality management and quality
assurance.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10795:2019(E)
Space systems — Programme management and quality —
Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document provides definitions of all common terms used in the area of space systems and
operations for programme management and quality. It does not contain terms specific to an individual
International Standard in the area of space systems and operations, which are defined in that particular
International Standard.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
acceptable risk
safety (3.210) risk (3.206), the severity (3.215) and the probability of which may be reasonably accepted
by humanity, without durable or irreversible foreseeable consequence on health, Earth, and the
environment (3.92), at the present time and in the future
EXAMPLE A safety risk may be acceptable for crew members of a manned space vehicle (3.225) when it
is comparable to that of test (3.239) pilots, for the personnel participating in hazardous activities when it is
comparable to that of industrial workers, for people, public and private property, and the environment, when it is
comparable to that of other hazardous human activities (e.g. high-speed surface travel).
[SOURCE: ISO 14620-2:2011, 3.1]
3.2
acceptance
act, means of which customer (3.78) certifies that the object developed and manufactured in
accordance with his/her specification (3.227), and he/she agrees with the reveal deviations (3.86) and
failures (3.98) ("complaints") and that this object is free from defects (3.79) under its delivery by the
supplier (3.232)
3.3
acceptance
part of the verification (3.244) process (3.171), which demonstrates that the product (3.173)
meets specified acceptance margins
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.2]
3.4
acceptance criteria
minimum requirements (3.201) that it is necessary for an item (3.134) to satisfy for formal acceptance
(3.2, 3.3)
3.5
acceptance of risk
decision to cope with consequences, should a risk (3.206) scenario materialize
Note 1 to entry: A risk can be accepted when its magnitude is less than a given threshold, defined in the risk
management policy (3.209).
Note 2 to entry: In the context of risk management (3.208), acceptance (3.2, 3.3) can mean that even though a risk
is not eliminated, its existence and magnitude are acknowledged and tolerated.
[SOURCE: ISO 17666:2016, 3.1.1]
3.6
accepted risk
hazard (3.120) that has not been eliminated and for which the residual risk (3.202) is deemed low enough
to continue operation and that has been accepted by project (3.178)/program management (3.146) on
the basis of documented risk (3.206) acceptance (3.2, 3.3) rationale
3.7
acceptance test
test (3.239) to determine that a system (3.234), subsystem (3.231), component (3.48) or functional part
is capable of meeting performance (3.166) requirements (3.201) prescribed in a purchase specification
(3.227) or other document (3.88) specifying what constitutes the adequate performance capability for
the item (3.134) and to demonstrate that the item is free from manufacturing defects (3.79)
3.8
accident
mishap
undesired event arising from operation of any project (3.178)-specific items (3.134) which results in:
a) human death or injury;
b) loss of, or damage to, hardware (3.119), software (3.217) or facilities which could then affect the
accomplishment of the mission (3.154);
c) loss of, or damage to, public or private property; or
d) detrimental effects on the environment (3.92)
[SOURCE: ISO 14620-1:2018, 3.1.1, modified — The term "mishap" has been added as an alternative.]
3.9
action
task negotiated between two and only two persons, one decision maker and one holder, whose result
leads to an expected result as a description of an operation in the formulation of a solution, and is
characterized by objectives in terms of cost, quality (3.188) and due date
3.10
action item
assignment to a designated organization (3.163) or individual the accomplishment of a defined objective
within a specified time frame
3.11
alert
formal notification to users, informing them of a failure (3.98) or nonconformity (3.157) of an item
(3.134), already released for use or not, that can also be present on other items already delivered (e.g.
items with identical design (3.82, 3.83) concept, material (3.148), component (3.48) or process (3.171))
Note 1 to entry: An alert can also be raised when a deficiency in a specified requirement (3.201) that can affect
the fitness for purpose in the defined application has been identified.
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.6]
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

3.12
analysis
verification (3.244) method utilizing techniques and tools such as math models (3.155), compilation
similarity assessments (3.24), validation (3.243) of records (3.194), etc., to confirm that verification
requirements (3.201) have been satisfied
3.13
anomaly
gap between a current situation and an expected one
Note 1 to entry: An anomaly justifies an investigation that can lead to the discovery of a nonconformance, a defect
(3.79) or a “non-lieu” (deviation (3.86) without impact, e.g. product (3.173) peculiarity).
Note 2 to entry: A deviation may be declared, foreseen or requested.
Note 3 to entry: An anomaly is often detected in comparison with what seems to be standard or with the
expected use.
3.14
applicable document
document (3.88) that contains provisions (3.181) which, through reference in the source document,
incorporates additional provisions in the source document
Note 1 to entry: In this context, a provision is an expression that takes the form of a statement, an instruction, a
recommendation or a requirement (3.201).
3.15
approval
formal agreement by a designated management (3.146) official to use or apply an item (3.134) or
proceed with a proposed course of action (3.9)
Note 1 to entry: Approvals shall be documented.
Note 2 to entry: Approval implies that the approving authority has verified that the item conforms to its
requirements (3.201).
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.11]
3.16
as-built configuration
configuration (3.50) of one product (3.173) item (3.134) identified by its gaps of conformity (3.60) with
respect to its applicable configuration
Note 1 to entry: The relevant “as-designed configuration (3.19)” corresponds to the same “part number”.
Note 2 to entry: “As-built configuration” includes any impacts from technical events, anomalies, repairs (3.199),
life potential consumption that occurred before the product delivery and any potential modifications (3.156)
applied on the product but not embodied in the relevant design (3.82, 3.83) data file.
3.17
as-built configuration list
ABCL
reporting instrument defining the “as-built status” for each serial number of a configuration item (3.55)
subject to formal acceptance (3.2, 3.3)
Note 1 to entry: The ABCL shall identify the “as-manufactured” and “as-tested” statuses applicable to a part
comprising a configuration item.
Note 2 to entry: Using the configuration item data list (3.56) as a reference, any difference between the ABCL and
the CIDL (3.56) shall be documented in the ABCL with reference to the applicable NCR and RFW (3.200).
3.18
as-delivered configuration
as-built configuration (3.16) at the time of delivery
3.19
as-designed configuration
current design (3.82, 3.83) status at any point of time providing the complete definition of a configuration
item (3.55)
Note 1 to entry: The starting point of the “as-designed” configuration (3.50) with regard to the “as-planned”
configuration is based on changes (3.39) the company has approved internally but has not yet incorporated in the
design, and on changes already implemented but not yet approved in the “as-planned” configuration.
3.20
as-ordered configuration
contractual configuration
configuration (3.50) of a product (3.173) configuration item (3.55), effectively given by its contractual
approved changes (3.39) from the configuration baseline (3.51)
Note 1 to entry: At a given moment, a product may have several applicable configurations.
3.21
as-planned configuration
planned to be built statement for each configuration item (3.55) unit (3.93) being delivered
Note 1 to entry: The as-planned configuration (3.50) is composed of the current configuration baseline (3.51)
and any changes (3.39) that the company has approved internally but has not yet embodied in the current
configuration baseline.
3.22
as-qualified configuration
as-built configuration (3.16) that was certified to have satisfactorily passed specified qualification
tests (3.187)
3.23
assembly
combination of parts, components (3.48) and units (3.93) that form a functional entity
[SOURCE: ISO 10786:2011, 3.5, modified — The definition has been editorially revised.]
3.24
assessment
systematic process (3.171) of collecting and analysing data to determine the current status of a product
(3.173), a process, a system (3.234), a person or an organization (3.163)
3.25
assurance
planned and systematic activities implemented, and demonstrated as needed, to provide adequate
confidence that an entity fulfils its requirements (3.201)
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.13]
3.26
audit
systematic, independent and documented process (3.171) for obtaining objective evidence and
evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which the audit criteria are fulfilled
Note 1 to entry: The fundamental elements of an audit include the determination of the conformity (3.60) of an
object according to a procedure (3.170) carried out by personnel not being responsible for the object audited.
Note 2 to entry: An audit can be an internal audit (first party), or an external audit (second party or third party),
and it can be a combined audit or a joint audit.
4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Note 3 to entry: Internal audits, sometimes called first-party audits, are conducted by, or on behalf of, the
organization (3.163) itself for management (3.146) review (3.203) and other internal purposes, and can form the
basis for an organization’s declaration of conformity. Independence can be demonstrated by the freedom from
responsibility for the activity being audited.
Note 4 to entry: External audits include those generally called second and third-party audits. Second party audits
are conducted by parties having an interest in the organization, such as customers (3.78), or by other persons
on their behalf. Third-party audits are conducted by external, independent auditing organizations such as those
providing certification (3.37)/registration of conformity or governmental agencies.
Note 5 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system
(3.147) standards (3.228) given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part
1. The original definition and Notes to entry have been modified to remove effect of circularity between audit
criteria and audit evidence term entries, and Notes 3 and 4 to entry have been added.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.13.1]
3.27
authorization
permission granted to an operator by a responsible authority to perform specified space activities
Note 1 to entry: Space activities include conducting space operations, conducting launch operations (3.137),
operating one or more sites, and operating one or more space vehicles (3.225) on or from one or more launch sites.
[SOURCE: ISO 14620-2:2011, 3.2]
3.28
availability
ability of an item (3.134) to be in a state to perform a required function (3.110) under given conditions
at a given instant of time or over a given time interval, assuming that the required external resources
are provided
Note 1 to entry: This ability depends on the combined aspects of the reliability (3.198) performance (3.166), the
maintainability (3.144) performance and the maintenance (3.145) support performance.
Note 2 to entry: Required external resources, other than maintenance resources, do not affect the availability
performance of the item.
Note 3 to entry: When referring to the measure for availability, the preferred term is “instantaneous availability”.
[SOURCE: ISO 16091:2018, 3.1.1]
3.29
breadboard
physical model (3.155) designed to test functionality and tailored to the demonstration need
[SOURCE: ISO 16290:2013, 2.1]
3.30
breakdown structure
framework for efficiently controlling some aspect of the activities of a programme (3.177) or project
(3.178)
[SOURCE: ISO 27026:2011, 3.1.1]
3.31
baseline
set of information which describes exhaustively a situation at a given instant of time or over a given
time interval
Note 1 to entry: It is generally used as a reference for comparison with an analysis (3.12) of subsequent evolutions
of the information.
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.22]
3.32
business agreement
legally binding agreement, for the supply of goods or services, between two or more actors in the
customer-supplier chain
Note 1 to entry: Business agreements are recorded in a variety of forms, such as
— contracts,
— memoranda of understanding,
— inter-governmental agreements,
— inter-agency agreements,
— partnerships,
— bartering agreements,
— purchase orders.
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.25]
3.33
calibration
all operations for the purpose of determining the values of the errors (3.94) and, if necessary, other
metrological properties of a measuring instrument
3.34
catastrophic
capable of causing death or major system (3.234) destruction
3.35
cause
circumstance, condition, event or action (3.9) that produces an effect or gives rise to any action,
phenomenon or condition
Note 1 to entry: Cause and effect are correlative terms (Oxford English Dictionary).
Note 2 to entry: Specific to this document, cause, when used in the context of hazard analysis (3.121), is the action
or condition by which a hazardous event (3.122) is initiated (an initiating event). The cause can arise as the result
of failure (3.98), human error (3.94), design (3.82, 3.83) inadequacy, induced or natural environment (3.92), system
(3.234) configuration (3.50) or operational mode(s).
3.36
caution condition
condition which has the potential to degrade into a warning condition, and which might require specific
action (3.9), including the implementation of special procedures (3.170) or restrictions on the operation
of the system (3.234)
[SOURCE: ISO 14620-1:2018, 3.1.3]
3.37
certification
procedure (3.170) by which a party gives formal assurance that a person or an organization (3.163) acts,
or a product (3.173) is, in compliance with specified requirements (3.201)
Note 1 to entry: Certification can be carried out by a first, second or third party.
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.29]
6 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

3.38
certificate of conformity
documented information that attests to product (3.173) conformity (3.60), conformance to defined
process (3.171), design (3.82, 3.83), and specification (3.227) requirements (3.201)
3.39
change
official numerically issued alterations to a document (3.88) or any portion thereof, usually brought
about by changed conditions or more complete information
Note 1 to entry: Such correction (3.67) may consist of requiring re-issuance and reprinting of the entire
document, or an instruction to replace several pages with a later publication page. However, such documents
must be revised.
Note 2 to entry: “Class 1” (“major” for deviation (3.86)) are changes that impact the contractual/technical
agreement reached between the contractor (3.66) and the customer (3.78). It is necessary that such changes be
submitted to the customer for review (3.203) and approval (3.15) before implementation.
Note 3 to entry: “Class 2” (“minor” for deviation) are changes that do not impact the customer contract (3.65)
and that are necessary for the project (3.178) and its supply chain to meet the technical/contractual requirements
(3.201) and provisions (3.181). Such changes can be implemented after configuration control board (CCB)
approval.
[SOURCE: ISO 21886:2019, 3.7, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added; in Note 2 and 3 to entry, the
words "for deviation" has been added.]
3.40
change request
document (3.88) containing a call for a change (3.39) of a requirement (3.201) of a product (3.173) or
process (3.171)
Note 1 to entry: It is of great importance in the change management (3.146) process.
Note 2 to entry: A change request is declarative (i.e. it states what it is necessary to accomplish) but leaves out
how the change should be carried out.
3.41
characteristic
distinguishing feature
Note 1 to entry: A characteristic can be inherent or assigned.
Note 2 to entry: A characteristic can be qualitative or quantitative.
Note 3 to entry: There are various classes of characteristic, such as the following:
a) physical (e.g. mechanical, electrical, chemical or biological characteristics);
b) sensory (e.g. related to smell, touch, taste, sight, hearing);
c) behavioural (e.g. courtesy, honesty, veracity);
d) temporal (e.g. punctuality, reliability (3.198), availability (3.28), continuity);
e) ergonomic (e.g. physiological characteristic, or related to human safety (3.210));
f) functional (e.g. maximum speed of an aircraft).
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.10.1]
3.42
clean room
clean area controlled according to specified levels
Note 1 to entry: Levels specified include humidity, temperature, particulates number versus size and volume and
chemical contamination (3.62).
3.43
commissioning
certification (3.37) of a spacecraft (3.224) as ready for mission (3.154) operations
[SOURCE: ISO 10784-1:2011, 3.1.1]
3.44
common-cause failure
failure (3.98) of multiple items (3.134) occurring from a single cause (3.35) which is common to all of them
[SOURCE: ISO 14620-1:2018, 3.1.4]
3.45
common-mode failure
failure (3.98) of multiple identical items (3.134) that fail in the same mode
Note 1 to entry: Common mode failures are a particular case of common-cause failures (3.44).
[SOURCE: ISO 14620-1:2018, 3.1.5]
3.46
common-mode fault
fault (3.101, 3.102) of multiple items (3.134) that exhibit the same fault mode
3.47
competence
demonstrated ability to apply knowledge and skills
Note 1 to entry: Technical competence is defined by the know-how, such as working practices, special skills
(“tours de main”), mastery of technology, etc.
Note 2 to entry: Cognitive competence is knowledge, such as specific fundamental knowledge, scientific “capital”,
expertise in a domain, history, etc.
Note 3 to entry: Methodological competence is defined by the working methods, such as problem solving, manner
of decision.
Note 4 to entry: Experimental competence is the experience related to relations with different interlocutors (e.g.
customer (3.78) relations), to participation, to events, to “personal” actions (3.9), etc.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.10.4, modified — “[.]to achieve intended results” has been removed
from definition; Notes 1 and 2 to entry had been replaced with new ones; Notes to entry 3 and 4
have been added.]
3.48
component
part
set of materials (3.148), assembled according to defined and controlled processes (3.171), which cannot
be disassembled without destroying its capability and which performs a simple function (3.110) that
can be evaluated against expected performance (3.166) requirements (3.201)
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.37, modified — NOTE 1 and 2 have been removed.]
8 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

3.49
concession
permission to use or release a product (3.173) or service that does not conform to specified
requirements (3.201)
Note 1 to entry: A concession is generally limited to the delivery of products and services that have nonconforming
characteristics (3.41) within specified limits and is generally given for a limited quantity of products and services
or period of time, and for a specific use.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.12.5]
3.50
configuration
interrelated functional and physical characteristics (3.41) of a product (3.173) or service defined in
product configuration (3.50) information
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.10.6]
3.51
configuration baseline
approved product (3.173) configuration (3.50) information that establishes the characteristics (3.41) of
a product or service at a point in time that serves as reference for activities throughout the life cycle
(3.141) of the product or service
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.10.7]
3.52
configuration control
coordinated activities for controlling modifications (3.156) to a configuration baseline (3.51)
Note 1 to entry: Request for deviations (3.86) are also considered modifications to a configuration baseline.
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.41]
3.53
configuration document
document (3.88) that defines the requirements (3.201) for the function (3.110), design (3.82, 3.83), build,
production, and verification (3.244) for a configuration item (3.55)
Note 1 to entry: For space systems, configuration documents can include documents relating to the operation
and disposal of the configuration item.
[SOURCE: ISO 21886:2019, 3.4]
3.54
configuration identification
coordinated activities to establish rules for configuration item (3.55) selection, configuration baseline
(3.51) content definition, and product (3.173) and document (3.88) identifiers definition
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.43]
3.55
configuration item
entity within a configuration (3.50) that satisfies an end use function (3.110)
[SOURCE: ISO 10007:2017, 3.3]
3.56
configuration item data list
CIDL
document (3.88) generated from the central configuration (3.50) database giving the current design
(3.82, 3.83) status of a configuration item (3.55) at a given point of time in sufficient detail and/or
providing its complete definition
Note 1 to entry: A CIDL includes the list of applicable changes (3.39) not yet incorporated into the baseline (3.31)
documentation (3.89) and deviations (3.86).
3.57
configuration management
activity for establishing and maintaining consistent records (3.194) of the status of and changes (3.39)
to the performance (3.166) parameters of a product (3.173) and its functional and physical attributes
compared to product design (3.82, 3.83) and operational requirements (3.201)
Note 1 to entry: Configuration management is applied throughout the entire life cycle (3.141) of the product
(3.173) (i.e. development (3.85), production, deployment, operation and disposal).
3.58
configuration status accounting
formalized recording and reporting of configuration (3.50) information, the status of proposed changes
(3.39) and the status of the implementation of approved changes
[SOURCE: ISO 10007:2017, 3.4]
3.59
configuration verification
coordinated activities to determine the conformity (3.60) of the configuration item (3.55) to its
configuration document(s) (3.53)
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.47]
3.60
conformity
fulfilment of a requirement (3.201)
Note 1 to entry: In English the word “conformance” is synonymous but deprecated. In French the word
“compliance” is synonymous but deprecated.
Note 2 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system
(3.147) standards (3.228) given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.
The original definition has been modified by adding Note 1 to entry.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.6.11]
3.61
constraint
characteristic (3.41), result or design (3.82, 3.83) feature which is made compulsory or has been
prohibited for any reason
Note 1 to entry: Constraints are generally restrictions on the choice of solutions in a system (3.234).
Note 2 to entry: Two kinds of constraints are considered, those which concern solutions, and those which concern
the use of the system.
Note 3 to entry: For example constraints can come from environmental and operational conditions, law, standards
(3.228), market demand, investments and means availability (3.28), or the organization's (3.163) policy.
[SOURCE: ISO 21351:2005, 3.1.1, modified — NOTE 4 has been removed.]
10 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

3.62
contamination
introduction of any undesirable molecular or particulate matter (including microbiological matter) into
an item (3.134) or into the environment (3.92) of interest
3.63
contingency procedure
pre-planned procedure (3.170) for execution in response to a departure from specified behavior
3.64
continual improvement
recurring activity to enhance performance (3.166)
Note 1 to entry: The process (3.171) of establishing objectives and finding opportunities for improvement
is a continual process through the use of audit (3.26) findings and audit conclusions, analysis (3.12) of data,
management (3.146) reviews (3.203) or other means and generally leads to corrective action (3.68) or preventive
action (3.169).
Note 2 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system
(3.147) standards (3.228) given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.
The original definition has been modified by adding Note 1 to entry.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.3.2]
3.65
contract
legally enforceable business agreement (3.32) in which payment is part of the conditions
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.52]
3.66
contractor
supplier (3.232) in a contractual situation
3.67
correction
action (3.9) to eliminate a detected nonconformity (3.157)
Note 1 to entry: A correction can be made in advance of, in conjunction with or after a corrective action (3.68).
Note 2 to entry: A correction can be, for example, rework (3.205) or regrade.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.12.3]
3.68
corrective action
action (3.9) to eliminate the cause (3.35) of a nonconformity (3.157) and to prevent recurrence
Note 1 to entry: There can be more than one cause for a nonconformity.
Note 2 to entry: Corrective action is taken to prevent recurrence whereas preventive action (3.169) is taken to
prevent occurrence.
Note 3 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system
(3.147) standards (3.228) given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.
The original definition has been modified by adding Notes 1 and 2 to entry.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.12.2]
3.69
cost breakdown structure
hierarchical structure that depicts elements of cost
3.70
counterfeit part
unauthorized copy, imitation, substitute, or modified part (e. g., material (3.148), part, component
(3.48)), which is knowingly misrepresented as a specified genuine part of an original or authorized
manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: Examples of a counterfeit part can include, but are not limited to, the false identification of marking
or labelling, grade, serial number, date code, documentation (3.89), or performance (3.166) characteristics (3.41).
[SOURCE: EN 9100:2016, modified — The article “an” has been removed from the definition for
consistency with ISO/IEC Directives Part 2, 2018 edition.]
3.71
critical
characteristic (3.41) of a process (3.171), process condition, parameter, requirement (3.201) or
item (3.134) that deserves control and special attention in order to meet the objectives (e.g. of a mission
(3.154)) within given constraints (3.61)
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.55]
3.72
critical
resulting in temporarily disabling but not life-threatening injury, temporary occupational
illness, major detrimental environmental effects, major damage to public or private properties, major
damage to interfacing flight systems (3.234) or major damage to ground facilities
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.56]
3.73
critical characteristic
physical attribute of an article or material (3.148) that, if defective, can cause loss of life or equipment
(3.93), or make the article or material non-functional
3.74
critical design review
CDR
review (3.203) performed prior to fabrication of prototype and after completion of the critical (3.71,
3.72) design (3.82, 3.83)
Note 1 to entry: In the review, drawing specifications (3.227) and test (3.239) result of the engineering model
(3.155) are evaluated to confirm that the result of the critical design satisfies the requirements (3.201) of the
contracts (3.65) and technical specifications (3.238) to allow proceeding with prototype production phase.
3.75
critical hazard
potential risk (3.206) situation that can result in temporarily disabling but not life-threatening injury,
or temporary occupational illness; loss of, or major damage to, flight systems (3.234), major flight
system elements or ground facilities; loss of, or major damage to, public or private property, or short-
term detrimental environmental effects
[SOURCE: ISO 21347:2005, 3.6]
3.76
critical item
item (3.134) that can pose a potential threat to the schedule, cost, performance (3.166) and quality
(3.188) of a project (3.178) or programme (3.177)
Note 1 to entry: A critical item is controlled by a specific action (3.9) plan in order to mitigate emanating risks
(3.206) and to prevent undesirable consequences.
Note 2 to entry: Examples of critical items are:
12 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

— an item not qualified or validated for the application in question (or that has previously caused problems that
remain unresolved);
— an item difficult to demonstrate design (3.82, 3.83) performance;
— an item highly sensitive to the conditions under which it is produced or used (e.g. contamination (3.62),
radiation);
— an item having the potential to degrade the quality of the product (3.173) significantly, and hence the ability
of the end-product to accomplish defined mission (3.154) objectives;
— an item for which major difficulties or uncertainties are expected in the procurement, manufacturing,
assembly (3.23), inspection (3.127), test (3.239), handling, storage and transportation that can have the
potential to lead to a major degradation in the quality of the product.
Note 3 to entry: Critical items (e. g., functions (3.110), parts, software (3.217), characteristics (3.41), processes
(3.171)) have significant effect on the provision (3.181) and use of the products and services; including safety
(3.210), performance, form, fit, function, producibility, service life, etc.; that require specific actions to ensure
they are adequately managed. Examples of critical items include safety critical items, fracture critical items,
mission critical items, key characteristics (3.135), etc.
3.77
critical path
series of activities that determine the earliest completion of the project (3.178)
Note 1 to entry: As a consequence, delay of any one task belonging to the critical path extends the project
duration.
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.58]
3.78
customer
person or organization (3.163) that could or does receive a product (3.173) or a service that is intended
for or required by this person or organization
EXAMPLE Consumer, client, end-user, retailer, receiver of product or service from an internal process (3.171),
beneficiary and purchaser (3.182).
Note 1 to entry: A customer can be internal or external to the organization.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.2.4]
3.79
defect
nonconformity (3.157) related to an intended or specified use
Note 1 to entry: The distinction between the concepts defect and nonconformity is important as it has legal
connotations, particularly those associated with product (3.173) and service liability issues.
Note 2 to entry: The intended use as intended by the customer (3.78) can be affected by the nature of the
information, such as operating or maintenance (3.145) instructions, provided by the provider.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.6.10]
3.80
dependability
ability to perform as and when required
Note 1 to entry: Its main components (3.48) are reliability (3.198), availability (3.28) and maintainability (3.144).
Note 2 to entry: The extent to which the fulfilment of a required function (3.110) can be justifiably trusted.
Note 3 to entry: Dependability shall be considered in conjunction with safety (3.210).
Note 4 to entry: Dependability is used as a collective term for the time-related quality (3.188) characteristics
(3.41) of an item (3.134).
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-01-22]
3.81
derating
action (3.9) when designing a product (3.173) to limit the component (3.48) stresses to specified levels
that are below their ratings in order to increase its reliability (3.198)
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.62]
3.82
design, noun
set of information that defines the characteristics (3.41) of a product (3.173)
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.63]
3.83
design, noun
process (3.171) used to generate the set of information defining the characteristics (3.41) of a
product (3.173)
Note 1 to entry: The design is completed at CDR (3.74) closure.
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.64]
3.84
design review
formal, independent examination of a design (3.82, 3.83) to identify shortcomings that could affect the
fitness for purpose, reliability, maintainability, or maintenance requirements of the item concerned
Note 1 to entry: In this context, “design” includes requirements (3.201), specifications (3.227), drawings, and
supporting documentation (3.89).
Note 2 to entry: Design review is not, by itself, sufficient to ensure the adequacy of the emerging design.
3.85
development
process (3.171) by which the capability to adequately implement a technology or design (3.82, 3.83) is
established before manufacture
Note 1 to entry: This process can include the building of various partial or complete models (3.155) of the products
(3.173) and assessment (3.24) of their performance (3.166).
3.86
deviation
formal authorization (3.27) to depart from the originally specified requirements (3.201) for a product
(3.173), prior to its production
Note 1 to entry: “Waiver (3.245)” is a posterior decision whereas “deviation” is an anterior decision with respect
to production phase.
Note 2 to entry: Deviation can be a permission to use or release a product that does not conform to specified
requirements.
[SOURCE: EN 16601-00-01:2015, 2.3.66, modified — Note 2 to entry has been added.]
14 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

3.87
discrepancy
departures from expected performance (3.166)
Note 1 to entry: They can be the result of nonconforming hardware (3.119) and/or software (3.217), or conditions
occurring in test (3.239) set-up. These differences from expected performance levels can be momentary, non-
repeatable, or permanent.
3.88
document
information and the medium on which it is contained
EXAMPLE Record (3.194), specification (3.227), procedure (3.170) document, drawing, report, standard
(3.228).
Note 1 to entry: The medium can be paper, magnetic, electronic or optical computer disc, photograph or master
sample, or a combination thereof.
Note 2 to entry: A set of documents, for example specifications and records, is frequently called “documentation
(3.89)”.
Note 3 to entry: Some requirements (3.201) (e.g. the requirement to be readable) relate to all types of documents.
However there can be different requirements for specifications (e.g. the requirement to be revision controlled)
and for records (e.g. the requirement to be retrievable).
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.8.5]
3.89
documentation
one mode of information communication
Note 1 to entry: This includes management (3.146) and technical data current as of a given point in time and
may be used to reflect contractor (3.66) to customer (3.78) and/or contractor to contractor agreements and
procedures (3.170). This includes such items (3.134) as program plans, procedures, specifications (3.227), ICDs
(3.133), reports, technical publications, training documentation.
[SOURCE: SSP 30235]
3.90
EEE component
EEE part
device that performs an electrical, electronic or electromechanical (EEE) function (3.110), including
electrooptical devices, and consists of one or more elements so joined together that they cannot
normally be disassembled without destroying the functionality of the device
3.91
end item
combination of parts, assemblies, accessories, and/or attachments integrated to form an equipment
(3.93) unit that can accomplish a specific function (3.110) when used
Note 1 to entry: An end item is complete within itself and classified as such for purposes of separate manufacture,
procurement, drawings, s
...