SIST EN 16523-1:2015
(Main)Determination of material resistance to permeation by chemicals - Part 1: Permeation by liquid chemical under conditions of continuous contact
Determination of material resistance to permeation by chemicals - Part 1: Permeation by liquid chemical under conditions of continuous contact
This part of EN 16523 specifies a test method for the determination of the resistance of protective clothing, gloves and footwear materials to permeation by potentially hazardous liquid chemicals under the condition of continuous contact.
This test method is applicable to the assessment of protection against liquid chemicals that can be collected only by liquid or gaseous collecting media.
Bestimmung des Widerstands von Materialien gegen die Permeation von Chemikalien - Teil 1: Permeation von flüssigen Chemikalien unter Dauerkontakt
Dieser Teil der EN 16523 legt ein Prüfverfahren für die Bestimmung des Widerstands von Schutzkleidungs-material, Schutzhandschuh- und Fußschutzmaterial gegen die Permeation von möglicherweise gefahr-bringenden flüssigen chemischen Stoffen bei Dauerkontakt fest.
Dieses Prüfverfahren gilt für die Beurteilung des Schutzes gegen flüssige chemische Stoffe, die nur mit flüssigen oder gasförmigen Sammelmedien erfasst werden können.
Détermination de la résistance des matériaux à la perméation par des produits chimiques - Partie 1 : Perméation par un produit chimique liquide dans des conditions de contact continu
La présente partie de l’EN 16523 spécifie une méthode d'essai pour la détermination de la résistance des
matériaux utilisés dans la confection de vêtements de protection, gants et chaussures à la perméation par des
produits chimiques liquides potentiellement dangereux, dans des conditions de contact continu.
La présente méthode d'essai s'applique à l'évaluation de la protection contre les produits chimiques liquides qui ne
peuvent être collectés qu'au moyen d'un milieu collecteur liquide ou gazeux.
Ugotavljanje odpornosti materiala proti pronicanju kemikalij - 1. del: Pronicanje tekočih kemikalij pri pogojih neprestanega stika
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Bestimmung des Widerstands von Materialien gegen die Permeation von Chemikalien - Teil 1: Permeation von flüssigen Chemikalien unter DauerkontaktDétermination de la résistance des matériaux à la perméation par des produits chimiques - Partie 1 : Perméation par un produit chimique liquide dans des conditions de contact continuDetermination of material resistance to permeation by chemicals - Part 1: Permeation by liquid chemical under conditions of continuous contact13.340.01Varovalna oprema na splošnoProtective equipment in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16523-1:2015SIST EN 16523-1:2015en,fr,de01-junij-2015SIST EN 16523-1:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 374-3:2003/AC:2006SIST EN 374-3:20031DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 16523-1:2015
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16523-1
February 2015 ICS 13.340.01 Supersedes EN 374-3:2003English Version
Determination of material resistance to permeation by chemicals - Part 1: Permeation by liquid chemical under conditions of continuous contact
Détermination de la résistance des matériaux à la perméation par des produits chimiques - Partie 1 : Perméation par un produit chimique liquide dans des conditions de contact continu
Bestimmung des Widerstands von Materialien gegen die Permeation von Chemikalien - Teil 1: Permeation durch eine flüssige Chemikalie unter Dauerkontakt This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 December 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16523-1:2015 ESIST EN 16523-1:2015
EN 16523-1:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page
Foreword .4 Introduction .5 1 Scope .6 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Test principle .9 5 Collecting media .9 5.1 Gaseous collecting medium .9 5.2 Liquid collecting medium .9 5.3 Limitation due to collecting media.9 6 Apparatus . 10 6.1 Permeation cells . 10 6.1.1 Standard permeation cell . 10 6.1.2 Alternative permeation cells . 11 6.2 Temperature controlled room, cabinet or water bath . 12 6.3 Supply of gas for gaseous collecting medium (dry air or nitrogen) . 12 6.4 Liquid pump and stirrer (in case of a liquid collecting medium) . 12 6.5 Equipment for the quantitative determination of the challenge chemical or its components in the collecting medium . 12 6.6 Time measuring device . 12 7 Test specimens . 12 8 Procedure . 13 8.1 Calibration . 13 8.2 Preparation of test specimens and apparatus . 13 8.3 Test procedure . 13 8.4 Calculation of results . 15 8.4.1 Open loop system: Permeation rate (PR) . 15 8.4.2 Closed loop system Permeation rate (PR) . 15 8.5 Expression of results . 16 8.6 Uncertainty of measurement . 16 9 Test report . 16 Annex A (informative)
Types of permeation behaviour . 18 Annex B (informative)
Physical assessment of the samples. 20 B.1 General . 20 B.2 Visual appearance . 20 B.3 Thickness . 20 B.4 Mass . 20 B.5 Hardness . 20 Annex C (informative)
Examples of appropriate techniques for the detection of chemicals. 21 Annex D (informative)
Examples of appropriate techniques to assess flow and stirring for permeation with liquid collecting medium . 22 SIST EN 16523-1:2015
EN 16523-1:2015 (E) 3 D.1 For the open loop system . 22 D.2 For open and closed loop system . 22 D.3 For open and close loop system . 23 Annex E (informative)
Example of permeation cell . 24 Annex F (informative)
Results of the interlaboratory trials . 26 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC on PPE . 27 Bibliography . 28
SIST EN 16523-1:2015
EN 16523-1:2015 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 16523-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 162 “Protective clothing including hand and arm protection and lifejackets”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2015 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 374-3:2003. In comparison with EN 374-3:2003, the entire document has been revised. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. EN 16523, Determination of material resistance to permeation by chemicals, is composed with the following parts: — Part 1: Permeation by liquid chemical under conditions of continuous contact [the present document]; — Part 2: Permeation by gaseous chemical under conditions of continuous contact. NOTE CEN/TC 162 WG 13 has foreseen to work on other test methods in the future that will spread in several standard parts: — Permeation by solid chemical under conditions of continuous contact; — Permeation by chemical under conditions of intermittent contact; — Permeation by chemical of seams, joins, assemblages and closers; — Permeation by chemical in a form of droplets; — Guide on testing and interpretation. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 16523-1:2015
EN 16523-1:2015 (E) 5 Introduction Users involved in the production, use, transportation, and emergency response with liquid chemicals can be exposed to numerous compounds capable of causing harm upon contact with the human body. The harmful effects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma such as skin irritation and burn to chronic degenerative disease, such as cancer. Since engineering controls may not eliminate all possible exposures, attention is often placed on reducing the potential for direct skin contact through the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) that resists permeation, penetration and degradation. The test method described in this part of EN 16523 is intended to be used to evaluate the barrier effectiveness of materials used for protective clothing, gloves and footwear materials against permeation by liquid chemicals. This method does not assess the chemical degradation or penetration of the material. Resistance to penetration by liquid chemicals can be determined by using for example ISO 6530 [10] while resistance to penetration by liquid chemicals under pressure can be determined by using for example ISO 13994 [11]. Resistance to chemical degradation can be determined by EN 374-4 [2] for gloves and EN 13832-1:2006, 4.2 [3] for footwear.
This method provides tests results in terms of breakthrough time. This parameter is a key measure of the effectiveness of a material to act as a barrier to the challenge chemical. Such information is used in the comparison of the performances of PPE materials during the process of selecting PPE for protection from hazardous chemicals. Long breakthrough times are characteristic of high permeation resistance. Breakthrough time does not provide a correlation between protection and the toxicity of the chemicals tested, only cumulative permeation can provide this information. It has been assumed in the drafting of this part of EN 16523 that the execution of its provisions will be entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people with a sound understanding of analytical chemistry. Appropriate precautions should be taken when carrying out this type of testing in order to avoid injury to health and contamination of the environment. A future part of EN 16523 will explain the use of the series of standards EN 16523. SIST EN 16523-1:2015
EN 16523-1:2015 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a test method for the determination of the resistance of protective clothing, gloves and footwear materials to permeation by potential hazardous liquid chemicals under the condition of continuous contact. This test method is applicable to the assessment of protection against liquid chemicals that can be collected only by liquid or gaseous collecting media. This test method is not adapted for the assessment of chemical mixtures, except for aqueous solutions. This standard is used with the specifications given in the products standards (for example EN 374-1 for gloves) where the following information is defined: — any pre-conditioning; — precise sampling (place, size, number); — associated levels of performance. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 374-1, Protective gloves against chemicals and micro-organisms - Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 analytical technique method of identifying and quantifying the amount of permeated chemical in the collection medium Note 1 to entry: Such methods are often specific to individual chemical and collection-medium combinations. EXAMPLE Applicable analytical techniques can include ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR) spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, pH measurement, ion chromatography, conductimetry, colourimetry, atmospheric analytical detector tubes and radionuclide tagging/detection counting. Although liquid and/or gas chromatography are separation techniques rather than detection methods they can be used in conjunction with suitable detectors to quantify the amount of permeated chemical in the collection medium (see Annex C). 3.2 liquid challenge chemical liquid chemical that is used to challenge the protective clothing, gloves and footwear material specimen 3.3 collecting medium liquid or gas on the inner “clean” side of the test sample in which any permeated chemical is collected 3.4 response time time between the actual arrival of the challenge chemical on the collecting side of the specimen and the time when the analytical instrumentation responds to it SIST EN 16523-1:2015
EN 16523-1:2015 (E) 7 3.5 limit of quantification minimum quantity of a substance which can be measured Note 1 to entry: It is the value where the uncertainty of measurement is equal to 50 % of the determined value. 3.6 loop
3.6.1 closed loop system in which the collecting medium is re-circulated or stirred through the sampling compartments of the test cell Note 1 to entry: Closed loop systems are not commonly used with gaseous collection media. 3.6.2 open loop system where the collecting medium passes through the sampling compartment of the test cell without re-circulation Note 1 to entry: Open loop systems may be used with either liquid or gaseous collection media. 3.7 minimum detectable permeation rate MDPR lowest rate of permeation that is measurable with the complete permeation-test system Note 1 to entry:
This value is not necessarily the intrinsic limit of detection for the analytical instrument. Note 2 to entry: MDPR is usually based upon 3 times the average background noise. Note 3 to entry: Useful information can be found on the following websites: — http://www.measurementuncertainty.org/guide/app_f.thml; — http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1997/pdf/6902x0297.pdf. 3.8 normalized breakthrough time NBT time at which the permeation rate reaches the normalization permeation rate
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1: SIST EN 16523-1:2015
EN 16523-1:2015 (E) 8
Key Y
permeation rate in µg cm−2 min
a normalized permeation rate (NPR) t
time
b minimum detectable permeation rate (MDPR) 1
steady-state permeation t2 normalized breakthrough time (NBT) Figure 1 — Schematic permeation graph showing actual and normalized breakthrough times 3.9 normalized permeation rate NPR arbitrary fixed figure of 1,0 µg cm−2 min−1 Note 1 to entry: This optimized figure is a compromise between test method parameters (mixing, flow rate, detection limits, etc.) and the scientific analysis possibilities at the present time, to ensure a better repeatability and reproducibility of the test. Note 2 to entry: In some standards, the NPR is fixed at a lower concentration (for example 0,1 µg cm-2 min−1). However, the parameters of the other standards, flow rate, mixing are often less severe than the present test method. The tests are only designed to evaluate protective clothing, gloves and footwear. 3.10 permeation process by which a chemical moves through a PPE (protective clothing, gloves and footwear) material, on a molecular level (see Annex A) and which involves the following: — absorption of molecules of the chemical into the contacted (outside) surface of a material; — diffusion of the absorbed molecules in the material; — desorption of the molecules from the opposite (inside) surface of the material 3.11 permeation rate mass of challenge chemical permeating unit area of the protective clothing, gloves and footwear per unit time Note 1 to entry: The permeation rate is expressed in µg cm −2 min−1. SIST EN 16523-1:2015
EN 16523-1:2015 (E) 9 3.12 steady-state permeation rate SSPR constant rate of permeation that occurs after breakthrough when the chemical contact is continuous and all forces affecting permeation have reached equilibrium
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1. Note 2 to entry: Steady-state permeation may not be achieved during the period for which permeation testing is conducted. 4 Test principle The resistance of protective clothing, gloves and footwear material to permeation by a liquid chemical is characterized by measuring through the normalized breakthrough time (NBT). In the permeation test apparatus, the protective clothing, gloves or footwear material separates the challenge chemical from the collecting medium. The collecting medium, which can be a gas or a liquid, is analysed quantitatively for its concentration of the chemical as a function of time. 5 Collecting media 5.1 Gaseous collecting medium A gaseous collecting medium is usually used under continuous flow conditions for the collection of permeating molecules that are capable of vaporizing in sufficient quantities for analysis. The gaseous collection medium shall be a gas or gas mixture which does not interfere with the detection of the challenge chemical and does not itself permeate or degrade the material under test. The quality of the gas supply shall be of sufficient consistency over the duration of the test that changes do not interfere with detection of the challenge chemical. NOTE Dry air or nitrogen are often used. 5.2 Liquid collecting medium A liquid collecting medium is usually used for the collection of permeated molecules of low volatility that are soluble in the collecting medium under the conditions of the test in sufficient quantities for analysis. Water is generally used or other liquid which does not influence the resistance of a material to permeation. NOTE Water grade 3 (EN ISO 3696) is often used. 5.3 Limitation due to collecting media It should be recognized that there are circumstances under which the above criteria are mutually exclusive. For example, when testing a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) fabric for resistance to permeation by involatile isocyanates, it will be found that the challenge chemical is insoluble in aqueous collection media and that the test fabric is readily permeated or degraded by virtually all non-aqueous liquids. Under such circumstances testing is, unfortunately, not possible. In the case of water soluble test specimen (e.g. PVAL-polyvinyl alcohol), an alternative collecting medium shall be used. It shall have no effect on the glove material. SIST EN 16523-1:2015
EN 16523-1:2015 (E) 10 6 Apparatus 6.1 Permeation cells 6.1.1 Standard permeation cell Components of the permeation test system that can be in contact with the challenge chemical shall not interact with it. The permeation cell consists of two compartments, separated by the test specimen. The specimen's outer surface is in contact with the challenge chemical, whereas the specimen's inner surface is in contact with a collecting medium. The permeation cell is constructed of two sections with an internal diameter of 51 mm at their open ends (see Figures 2 and 3). The section containing the challenge chemical, Lc is at least 10 mm long; the section containing the collecting medium is 35 mm long. The limit deviation for each dimension shall not be greater than ± 2 mm (see Figures 2 and 3). The cell assembly shall not leak and seals are used (see Figure 4). The material(s) used for the cell shall not interact with the challenge chemical (chemical reaction, adsorption, retention, etc.). NOTE Glass permeation cells are often used. Dimensions in millimetres
Key 1
sampling compartment for collecting medium 3 outlet collecting medium 2
inlet collecting medium
NOTE Dimensional deviations: ± 2 mm. Figure 2 — Important dimensions for the sampling compartment for collecting medium SIST EN 16523-1:2015
EN 16523-1:2015 (E) 11 Dimensions in millimetres
Key 1 sampling compartment for challenge chemical 2 fill pipe Figure 3 — Important dimensions for the sampling compartment for challenge chemical Dimensions in millimetres
Key 1
sample 3 challenge chemical wetting all the sample 2
seals
4 closing system NOTE The cells can be assembled horizontally or vertically. Figure 4 — Cell assembly The open ends of the sections are fitted with connecting joints. The inlet of the section containing the challenge chemical may be closed by a stopper or a valve. 6.1.2 Alternative permeation cells Alternative permeation cells may also be used, provided the precision, bias and results of the test results are found to be equivalent with the reference cell described in 6.1.1. SIST EN 16523-1:2015
EN 16523-1:2015 (E) 12 This should be demonstrated accordingly to the requirement of EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005, 5.4,. If an alternative permeation cell is used it shall be reported in the test report. 6.2 Temperature controlled room, cabinet or water bath Temperature controlled room (cabinet or water bath) at 23 C, able to maintain the temperature of the permeation cell constant to within ± 1 °C over the complete duration of the test. The use of water baths shall be restricted to the testing of PPE (protective clothing, gloves and footwear) material without textile liner, except when adequate measures are taken to prevent the migration of water, e.g. by enclosing the permeation cell in a waterproof bag. 6.3 Supply of gas for gaseous collecting medium (dry air or nitrogen) A gas supply, and a flow meter, shall be connected to the inlet of the collector compartment of the permeation cell. The rate of flow through this compartment shall be (5 ± 0,5) volume changes per minute. The volume of the collector compartment shall be measured accurately. NOTE 1 The volume can be measured by weighing the cell before and after filling the compartment with water. NOTE 2 The required flow rate can be obtained preferably by a flow regulator or at least by a suitable control of the gas pressure at the inlet of the collector compartment or by using a pump at the outlet of the analyser. The choice of configuration is generally determined by the method of collection and/or detection of the challenge chemical. 6.4 Liquid pump and stirrer (in case of a liquid collecting medium) The liquid in the collector compartment shall be stirred to ensure the complete mixing in all parts of the compartment. Annex D provides the possible procedures. The flow rate and stirring speed shall be kept constant to within ± 10 %. No part of the pump, stirrer or any other equipment connected to it shall contaminate the liquid passing through the collector compartment of the permeation cell. 6.5 Equipment for the quantitative determination of the challenge chemical or its components in the collecting medium The analytical system shall be sufficiently sensitive for the challenge chemical to measure the defined NPR. The response time of the analytical system shall be measured or calculated. If the response time is greater than 60 s, the breakthrough time shall be corrected by the real response time. The pressure and flow of the collecting medium shall be kept constant regard less of the type of analytical apparatus used. When possible, the analytical technique should permit to identify the analysed chemical (e.g. mass spectrometry instead of FID in the case of chromatography). The analytical equipment can include instruments responding directly to concentration changes in the stream of gas or liquid. Absorbers and sampling equipment associated with specific analytical techniques may also be used. Examples of suitable analytical detection techniques are UV- and IR-spectrophotometry, gas and liquid chromatography, colourimetry and radionuclide tagging detection counting (see Annex C). 6.6 Time measuring device A device capable of measuring elapsed time to the nearest second. 7 Test specimens This European Standard does not define from where to select the test specimens. The selection of the test specimens shall be given in the products specifications standards (for example EN 374-1 for gloves). SIST EN 16523-1:2015
EN 16523-1:2015 (E) 13 The test for a protective clothing, glove or footwear material is performed on 3 test specimens, unless otherwise specified in the product standard. For multilayer protective clothing, glove or footwear material, in case of unbonded layers, the internal layers without any effect on the chemical protection can be removed (e.g. thermal insulation layer). The test specimen shall be of a sufficient size and shape so as to completely separate the challenge and collection sides of the test cell (about 68 mm in the case of the reference cell). 8 Procedure 8.1 Calibration The response of the collecting and analytical test systems to the challenge chemical shall be calibrated in order to determine the analytical sensitivity (MDPR) and the response time. For open loop system and closed loop system, a calibration curve shall be drawn covering the appropriate concentration range. The calibration may not be linear. Usually the calibration curve includes a blank, the limit of quantification of the analytical technique, and the normalized permeation rate. 8.2 Preparation of test specimens and apparatus If not otherwise specified in the products standard: — Three test specimens shall be tested. — They shall be conditioned for at least 16 h at a temperature of (23 ± 2) °C. The test specimen shall be mounted between the two halves of the permeation cell. It shall not be distorted or under tension when so positioned. The outer surface of the protective clothing, glove or footwear material shall be in contact with the challenge chemical. The assembly shall then be tightened to ensure the system is leak tight. The assembled permeation cell shall
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.