oSIST prEN 1366-9:2023
(Main)Fire resistance tests for service installations - Part 9: Single compartment smoke extraction ducts
Fire resistance tests for service installations - Part 9: Single compartment smoke extraction ducts
This part of EN 1366 specifies a test method for determining the fire resistance of smoke extraction ducts that are used for single compartment applications only. In such applications, the smoke extraction system is only intended to function up to flashover (typically 600 °C).
This method of test is only suitable for ducts constructed from non-combustible materials (euro class A1 and A2-s1, d0).
It is applicable only to four sided and circular ducts. One-, two- and three-sided ducts are not covered. This standard is applicable only for the standard sizes or smaller as described.
This test method of part 9 is applicable only to smoke extraction ducts that do not pass into other fire compartments. For smoke extraction ducts that pass into other compartments, the method of test described in EN 1366-8 is used.
The smoke extraction duct is part of the smoke extraction system which also includes smoke control dampers and smoke extract fans.
Feuerwiderstandsprüfungen für Installationen - Teil 9: Entrauchungsleitungen für einen Einzelabschnitt
Dieser Teil von EN 1366 legt ein Prüfverfahren zur Ermittlung der Feuerwiderstandsfähigkeit von Entrauchungsleitungen fest, die nur für die Anwendung in einem Einzelabschnitt eingesetzt werden. Bei solchen Anwendungen ist beabsichtigt, dass die Rauchabzugsanlage nur bis zum Flashover (typischerweise 600 °C) arbeitet.
Dieses Prüfverfahren ist nur für aus nichtbrennbaren Baustoffen (Euroklasse A1 und A2-s1, d0) konstruierte Leitungen geeignet.
Es ist nur für vierseitige und kreisförmige Leitungen geeignet. Ein-, zwei- und dreiseitige Leitungen werden nicht abgedeckt. Diese Norm gilt nur für Standardmaße oder kleiner, wie beschrieben.
Dieses Prüfverfahren von Teil 9 gilt nur für Entrauchungsleitungen, die nicht in weitere Brandabschnitte führen. Für Entrauchungsleitungen, die durch weitere Brandabschnitte hindurchführen, ist das in EN 1366 8 beschriebene Prüfverfahren anzuwenden.
Die Entrauchungsleitung ist Bestandteil der Rauchabzugsanlage, welche ebenfalls Entrauchungsklappen und Rauchabzüge umfasst.
Essais de résistance au feu des installations techniques - Partie 9 : Conduits d'extraction de fumées relatifs à un seul compartiment
La présente partie de l’EN 1366 spécifie une méthode d’essai pour déterminer la résistance au feu des conduits d’extraction de fumées qui sont utilisés pour des applications relatives à un seul compartiment. Dans de telles applications, le système d’extraction de fumées vise à fonctionner seulement jusqu’à l’embrasement généralisé (600 °C en général).
Cette méthode d’essai n’est valable que pour des conduits fabriqués avec des matériaux non combustibles (Euroclasse A1 et A2-s1, d0).
Les essais ne s’appliquent qu’aux conduits à quatre faces et aux conduits circulaires. Les conduits à une seule face, à deux ou trois faces ne sont pas couverts. La présente norme ne s’applique qu’aux tailles normales ou inférieures conformément à la description.
Cette méthode d’essai de la partie 9 est applicable seulement aux conduits d’extraction de fumées qui ne passent pas dans d’autres compartiments feu. Pour les conduites d’extraction de fumées qui passent dans d’autres compartiments, il convient d’utiliser la méthode d’essai décrite dans l’EN 1366-8.
Le conduit d’extraction de fumées fait partie intégrante du système d’extraction de fumées qui comprend également des volets de désenfumage et des ventilateurs de désenfumage.
Preskusi požarne odpornosti servisnih inštalacij - 9. del: Kanali za odvod dima iz enega požarnega sektorja
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1366-9:2023
01-julij-2023
Preskusi požarne odpornosti servisnih inštalacij - 9. del: Kanali za odvod dima iz
enega požarnega sektorja
Fire resistance tests for service installations - Part 9: Single compartment smoke
extraction ducts
Feuerwiderstandsprüfungen für Installationen - Teil 9: Entrauchungsleitungen für einen
Einzelabschnitt
Essais de résistance au feu des installations techniques - Partie 9 : Conduits d'extraction
de fumées relatifs à un seul compartiment
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1366-9
ICS:
13.220.50 Požarna odpornost Fire-resistance of building
gradbenih materialov in materials and elements
elementov
91.060.40 Dimniki, jaški, kanali Chimneys, shafts, ducts
oSIST prEN 1366-9:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 1366-9:2023
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1366-9
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2023
ICS 13.220.50 Will supersede EN 1366-9:2008
English Version
Fire resistance tests for service installations - Part 9:
Single compartment smoke extraction ducts
Essai de résistance au feu des installations de service - Feuerwiderstandsprüfungen für Installationen - Teil 9:
Partie 9 : Conduits d'extraction de fumées relatifs à un Entrauchungsleitungen für einen Einzelabschnitt
seul compartiment
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 127.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1366-9:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Test equipment . 6
5 Test conditions . 9
6 Test specimen . 10
7 Installation of test specimen . 10
8 Conditioning . 11
9 Application of instrumentation . 12
10 Test procedure . 14
11 Performance criteria . 16
12 Test report . 17
13 Direct field of application of test results . 18
Annex A (informative) Measurement of volume/mass flow . 33
A.1 Hints on measuring volume flow or mass flow with differential pressure devices . 33
A.2 Density . 33
A.3 Absolute Pressure (barometric pressure) . 33
A.4 Viscosity . 34
A.5 Characteristic data of the inlet nozzles according to Figure 10 . 34
Annex B (informative) Measurement of oxygen content . 37
Annex C (informative) The usage of correction factors for the consideration of different
parameters . 40
Bibliography . 44
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European foreword
This document (prEN 1366-9:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 127 “Fire safety
in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1366-9:2008.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
— Method for determination of reduction in internal cross-section area is added;
— Positions for measurement of deflection of cross-section outside furnace are defined;
— Introduction of an alternative oxygen sampling probe;
— Use of two separate O analysers based on paramagnetic measurement method for the two sampling
2
points is mandatory;
— Direct field of application for vertical parts of duct within the smoke compartment, without
penetrating any wall/floor where fire resistance is required.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
EN 1366, Fire resistance tests for service installations consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: Ventilation ducts
— Part 2: Fire dampers
— Part 3: Penetration seals
— Part 4: Linear joint seals
— Part 5: Service ducts and shafts
— Part 6: Raised access and hollow core floors
— Part 7: Conveyor systems and their closures
— Part 8: Smoke extraction ducts
— Part 9: Single compartment smoke extraction ducts
— Part 10: Smoke control dampers
— Part 11: Fire protective Systems for cable systems and associated components
— Part 12: Non-mechanical fire barrier for ventilation ductwork
— Part 13: Chimneys
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Introduction
This part of this European Standard has been prepared because a method of test for smoke extraction
ducts used in single compartment applications has become necessary. This test exposes a smoke
extraction duct to conditions intended to represent the pre-flashover stage of a fire.
Leakage is measured at both ambient temperature and exposure at 600 °C. During the tests, air/gases are
drawn through the duct at a differential pressure between the inside and outside of the duct. Leakage is
determined at ambient temperature by sealing the openings in the duct located in the furnace and taking
flow measurements through a flow measuring device located just before the extraction fan. With respect
to determining leakage at 600 °C, oxygen-measuring techniques are used.
CAUTION — The attention of all persons concerned with managing and carrying out this fire resistance
test is drawn to the fact that fire testing may be hazardous and that there is a possibility that toxic and/or
harmful smoke and gases may be evolved during the test. Mechanical and operational hazards may also
arise during the construction of the test elements or structures, their testing and disposal of test residues.
An assessment of all potential hazards and risks to health should be made and safety precautions should
be identified and provided. Written safety instructions should be issued. Appropriate training should be
given to relevant personnel. Laboratory personnel should ensure that they follow written safety
instructions at all times.
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1 Scope
This part of EN 1366 specifies a test method for determining the fire resistance of smoke extraction ducts
that are used for single compartment applications only. In such applications, the smoke extraction system
is only intended to function up to flashover (typically 600 °C).
This method of test is only suitable for ducts constructed from non-combustible materials (euro class A1
and A2-s1, d0).
It is applicable only to four sided and circular ducts. One-, two- and three-sided ducts are not covered.
This standard is applicable only for the standard sizes or smaller as described.
This test method of part 9 is applicable only to smoke extraction ducts that do not pass into other fire
compartments. For smoke extraction ducts that pass into other compartments, the method of test
described in EN 1366-8 is used.
The smoke extraction duct is part of the smoke extraction system which also includes smoke control
dampers and smoke extract fans.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1363-1, Fire resistance tests - Part 1: General requirements
EN 1363-2, Fire resistance tests - Part 2: Alternative and additional procedures
EN 1366-1, Fire resistance tests for service installations - Part 1: Ducts
EN 1507, Ventilation for buildings - Sheet metal air ducts with rectangular section - Requirements for
strength and leakage
EN 12237, Ventilation for buildings - Ductwork - Strength and leakage of circular sheet metal ducts
EN 60584-1, Thermocouples - Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances (IEC 60584-1)
EN ISO 5167-1, Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular
cross-section conduits running full - Part 1: General principles and requirements (ISO 5167-1)
EN ISO 13943, Fire safety - Vocabulary (ISO 13943)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1363-1 and EN ISO 13943 and
the following apply.
3.1
single compartment smoke control system ducts
ducts for use within single fire compartment application
3.2
suspension devices
components used for suspending and fixing a duct from a floor soffit or supporting a duct from a wall
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3.3
supporting construction
wall which the duct passes through in the test
3.4
single fire compartment
fire area of a single compartment building bounded by fire-resistant elements
3.5
smoke zone (zones)
areas into which a construction work is divided for the extraction of smoke and hot gases and served by
a SHEV (or sub-system of a SHEV), which is initiated by a signal from a single or group of initiation devices
associated with the zone
3.6
compensator
device that is used within ducts to prevent damage from the forces generated by expansion
3.7
smoke and heat exhaust ventilation system
SHEVS
products and/or components jointly selected to exhaust smoke and heat in order to establish a buoyant
layer of warm gases above cooler and cleaner air
4 Test equipment
4.1 General
In addition to the test equipment specified in EN 1363-1, the equipment in 4.2 to 4.4 is required. The
overall test arrangement is shown in Figure 1. Details of instrumentation and other details are shown in
Figures 2 to 10.
4.2 Furnace
The furnace shall be capable of subjecting smoke extraction ducts to the standard heating and pressure
conditions specified in EN 1363-1 and be suitable for testing ducts in the horizontal orientation (see
Figure 1).
4.3 Perforated plate
The perforated plate controls the flow through the duct so that the required differential pressure, see
Table 1, can be achieved. Depending on the end-use conditions, a pressure level from Table 1 shall be
selected. These levels correspond to typical values used in smoke extraction design.
The plate shall be positioned (250 ± 50) mm from where the duct passes through the furnace wall
(see Figures 1 and 2).
The plate shall be made from austenitic heat-resisting steel (grade number 1.4835) in accordance with
EN 10095 Heat resisting steels and nickel alloys. The number of holes and dimensions are given in Tables 2
and 3. The thickness of the plates shall be (2,5 ± 0,5) mm.
Table 2 gives details of perforated plates for standard rectangular ducts of size 1 000 mm x 250 mm. For
smaller sizes, the number of holes will be reduced proportional to the smaller cross-section (a change to
larger sizes is not permitted; see 6.1.2 and Table 5).
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Table 3 gives details of perforated plates for standard circular ducts of diameter 560 mm. For smaller
sizes, the number of holes will be reduced proportional to the cross-section (a change to larger sizes is
not permitted; see 6.1.2 and Table 5).
Further details of the plate are shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4.
Table 1 — Differential pressures between inside and outside the duct for smoke extraction
ductwork
Differential pressure for fire
Operating differential pressure
a
at ambient temperature
Pressure level test and pre-test calibration
Pa
Pa
1 −500 −150
2 −1 000 −300
3 −1 500 −500
a
See Clause 5.
Table 2 — Details of perforated plates for testing rectangular ducts (see Figure 2)
a
Pressure level
Specification for perforations
1 2 3
Total number of holes 550 407 324
Number of holes - horizontally 50 37 36
Number of holes - vertically 11 11 9
Diameter of hole (mm) 10 10 10
Horizontal distance from rim e (mm) 15 15 20
Vertical distance from rim c (mm) 15 15 20
Mounting hole separation a (mm) 19,8 26,9 27,4
Mounting hole separation b (mm) 21,8 22 26,3
a
See Clause 5.
Table 3 — Details of perforated plate for testing circular ducts (see Figure 3)
a
Specification for perforations Pressure level
1 2 3
Total number of holes 541 403 319
Diameter of hole (mm) 10 10 10
Horizontal distance from rim e (mm) 20,8 22,2 27,5
Mounting hole separation a (mm) 20,8 22,2 27,5
a
See Clause 5.
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4.4 Inlet nozzles (fire test)
Each nozzle shall have an internal dimension of 160 mm (see Figure 10, suitable for the standard sizes of
ducts specified in 6.1) in accordance with EN ISO 5167-1 and shall be suitably mounted to the end of the
duct with its piezometric ring connected to appropriate differential pressure measuring equipment. The
measuring device shall be capable of measuring to an accuracy of ± 5 %.
NOTE Nozzles according to ISO 5221 are also suitable.
4.5 Ambient temperature leakage measuring device
The measuring device shall be capable of measuring to an accuracy of + 5 % and suitably mounted at the
end of the duct, connected to appropriate differential pressure measuring equipment. Descriptions of
possible measuring device are given in EN ISO 5167-1 and ISO 5221.
4.6 Pressure sensors for differential pressure control
A tube sensor as specified in EN 1363-1 shall be located at the end of the duct, inside the duct, at the level
of its centre line. A second sensor (e.g. an open end of a measuring tube) shall be located on the same
level outside the duct.
A flow control damper shall be provided for a fine control for maintaining the required differential
pressure. Alternatively, another suitable device such as a variable speed fan may be used. Any flow
control damper shall be attached to the extract fan connecting duct (see 4.8).
4.7 Welded connecting tube
A welded connecting tube is a tube designed to provide a suitable gas tight connection between the inlet
nozzles and the oxygen measuring probes shall be provided (for details see Figure 6).
4.8 Extract fan connecting duct
An extract fan connecting duct is a duct designed to connect between the test specimen and the extraction
fan. An inlet opening may be provided if a flow control damper is used for fine control of the differential
pressure (see 4.6).
4.9 Extraction fan
An extraction fan is a fan for extracting gas under test with a suction capacity of at least 2 x V where V
n n
3
is the required capacity, e.g. for a stated cross-section of V = 0,25 m x 1 m, 2 x V = 0,5 m /s.
n n
The characteristic curves of the fan shall be horizontal for the actual airflow. The capacity of the fan shall
not change by more than 10 % in the event of a drop in the pressure of up to 50 Pa.
4.10 Thermocouples
Sheathed thermocouples for measuring the gas temperature adjacent to the nozzles of nickel
chromium/nickel aluminium type K wire as defined in EN 60584-1, with a nominal diameter of 1,5 mm
to 3 mm. The thermocouples shall measure with an accuracy of ± 15 K. The position is shown in
Figures 5 and 6, item 15.
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4.11 Oxygen measuring equipment
Equipment for measuring the oxygen content of gases shall be provided. This system shall consist of two
separate systems consisting of O analysers based on paramagnetic cell measurement method together
2
with appropriate equipment for cooling, filtering and drying the gases. Appropriate connecting tubes and
probes shall be provided. The 90 % response time of the complete system shall be 20 s maximum. The
accuracy shall be better than ± 0,1 vol %.
4.12 Oxygene measurement probes
Steel probes for extracting the furnace gas from the inside of the duct at the locations G1 and G2 on
Figure 5. The end of the probe shall be located in the centre point of the duct cross-section.
An alternative gas probe according to Figure 11 can be used.
Both types of gas probes are described in 9.3.
4.13 Restraint equipment
Restraining equipment shall be applied as for duct B in EN 1366-1.
4.14 Deflection measurements
Deflection measurements shall be taken for determining the reduction of internal cross-section area at
ambient temperature and during the fire test. The measurement shall be done with an accuracy of
± 1 mm.
The interval between a complete set of measurements shall not exceed 15 min, in any case near prior to
any classification time period.
NOTE Even if the deflection is measured outside the furnace, it reflects the behaviour of the cross-section of
the duct.
5 Test conditions
5.1 Differential pressure conditions
Depending on the end-use conditions, a pressure level from Table 1 shall be selected. These levels
correspond to typical values used in smoke extraction design.
5.2 Heating conditions
The heating conditions and the furnace atmosphere shall conform to those specified in EN 1363-1 (or, if
applicable, EN 1363-2) until 600 °C is reached. The mean temperature of the six furnace thermocouples
shall reach 600 °C between 5 min to 10 min from igniting the first furnace burner. After 10 min this
temperature shall be maintained with a tolerance of +70 °C and -0 °C for the rest of the test.
The furnace pressure shall be controlled to (15 ± 3) Pa throughout the test at the mid-height position of
the duct in the furnace.
Details of test conditions within the duct during the test are given in Clause 10.
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6 Test specimen
6.1 Size
6.1.1 Length
The minimum lengths of the parts of the test specimen inside and outside the furnace shall be as given in
Table 4 (see also Figure 1).
Table 4 — Minimum length of test specimen
Minimum length (m)
Orientation
Inside furnace Outside furnace
Horizontal 3,0 4,2
6.1.2 Cross-section
The sizes of duct given in Table 5 shall be tested unless smaller cross-sections are required for specific
applications.
Table 5 — Cross-section of test specimen (standard size)
Rectangular Circular
Width (mm) Height (mm) Diameter (mm)
1 000 250 560
6.2 Number
One test specimen shall be tested for each type of installation to be evaluated.
6.3 Design
The test shall be made on a test specimen representative of the complete duct. Each type of duct requires
a different approach, and an attempt shall be made to reproduce the edge conditions and the method of
fixing or support inside and outside the furnace representative of that used in practice. The distance
between hangers or supports shall be representative. Where compensators are used in practice, then
they shall be incorporated in the test specimen. In this case, the compensator shall be located outside the
furnace, approximately 250 mm downstream from the perforated plate (see Figure 5).
7 Installation of test specimen
7.1 General
The test specimen shall be installed, as far as practicable, in a manner representative of its use in practice.
The fire-stopping at the penetration through the supporting construction shall be sufficient to prevent
leakage of furnace gases.
Parts of the ducts within the furnace shall be exposed to fire from all sides over their whole length.
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7.2 Supporting construction
As supporting construction to close the furnace shall be built from aerated concrete with a thickness of
150 mm.
7.3 Duct arrangement
7.3.1 A single duct may be tested in the furnace, or alternatively, two or more ducts may be tested in
the same furnace, provided that there is sufficient furnace power and space to do so, in accordance with
the dimensions shown in Figure 1.
7.3.2 Ducts shall be arranged as shown in Figure 1. The end of the ducts within the furnace shall be
closed by materials and construction same as the duct itself.
7.3.3 The test arrangement shall include at least one joint inside the furnace and at least one joint
outside it (see Figure 1). Any stiffeners used to maintain the cross-section of the duct shall be arranged
at the positions and centres specified by the sponsor. The distance between joint and hangers shall not
be less than intended in practice. If the minimum distance has not been specified, hangers shall be
arranged so that the joint at mid-span lies midway between them. Centres of the hangers should be
specified by the manufacturer and shall be representative of practice.
7.3.4 Two openings shall be provided, one on each vertical side of the duct inside the furnace. The
openings shall be positioned (500 ± 25) mm from the end of the duct. Each opening shall have the same
width/height ratio as the cross-section of the duct and have a total opening area of (50 ± 5) % of the
cross-sectional area of the duct. For circular ducts, the openings shall be rectangular with a width/height
ration of 4:1. The total area of the openings shall be 50 % ± 10 % of the internal cross-sectional area of
the duct.
7.3.5 There shall be a clearance of (500 ± 50) mm between the top of the duct and the ceiling and at
least 500 mm between the underside of the duct and the floor. Similarly, there shall be a clearance of at
least 500 mm between the sides of the duct and furnace walls.
7.4 Restraint of ducts
7.4.1 Inside the furnace
All ducts shall be fully restrained in all directions at the furnace wall or floor remote from the penetration
point. Where there is the possibility of the furnace wall moving then the fixings shall be made
independently of the furnace structure.
7.4.2 Outside the furnace
The horizontal duct shall be restrained outside the furnace. The restraining point shall be located at a
position (500 ± 50) mm from the end of the duct and shall provide restraint on movement in horizontal
directions but shall allow movement in vertical directions (see Figure 7). The frame used to apply the
restraint shall be rigid and have sufficient strength to resist all horizontal forces.
7.5 Perforated plate
The perforated plate shall be located (250 ± 50) mm from the external face of the supporting construction.
Provision shall be made for the plate to be removed, if necessary during the pre-test calibration described
in 10.1.
8 Conditioning
8.1 General
Conditioning of the test construction shall be in accordance with EN 1363-1.
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8.2 Water based sealing materials
Water-based materials (e.g. mortar, concrete …) used to seal the gap between the supporting construction
and the duct where the gap is ≤ 25 mm wide shall be conditioned for at least seven days before fire testing.
Water-based materials used to seal the gap between the supporting construction and the duct assembly
where the gap is > 25 mm wide shall be conditioned for at least 28 days before fire testing.
9 Application of instrumentation
9.1 Thermocouples
9.1.1 Furnace thermocouples (plate thermometers)
Plate thermometers shall be provided in accordance with EN 1363-1 and shall be positioned as shown in
Figure 8. For all ducts the plate thermometers shall be oriented so that side ‘A’ faces the walls of the
furnace opposite the duct being evaluated.
9.1.2 Gas temperature within flow nozzles
The gas temperature thermocouples (type K according to EN 60584-1) adjacent to the nozzles shall be
arranged with the measuring junction located at the centre line of each nozzle. The distance between the
measuring junctions and the inlet of the nozzle is shown in Figures 5 and 6. An alternative thermocouple
may be used provided it can be shown to have equivalent response time.
9.2 Pressure
9.2.1 Furnace pressure
Furnace pressure shall be measured in accordance with Clause 5.
9.2.2 Differential under-pressure in duct
For measurement of the differential pressure between the inside and outside the of duct, the pressure
probe shall be located horizontally 50 mm from the end of the duct in level with the centre line of the
inlet nozzles as shown in Figures 5 and 6 as item no. D1 (pressure sensor in accordance with 4.6 or
alternative a four-point-measurement –piezometric-ring).
9.3 Oxygen measurements
Oxygen measurements shall be made using a sensor manufactured from stainless steel tube, having
approximate dimensions 6 mm outside diameter and 5 mm internal diameter, which shall be located
inside the duct 100 mm upstream from the perforated plate on the centre line of the duct (G1). A second
sensor (G2) shall be located after the nozzles at a distance of 100 mm on the centre line of the connecting
box (see Figures 5 and 6 for details). Each sensor is connected by suitable pipework to its own single
oxygen-measuring instrument.
Alternatively, the oxygen sensors can be manufactured from stainless steel tube, 1 200 mm long, having
approximate dimensions 10 mm outside diameter and 8 mm internal diameter. In that half opposite to
the open end of the tube, there are 20 holes of 3 mm diamet
...
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