SIST EN 13145:2004+A1:2012
(Main)Railway applications - Track - Wood sleepers and bearers
Railway applications - Track - Wood sleepers and bearers
This European Standard defines wood species, quality requirements, origin, manufacturing conditions, forms, dimensions and tolerances as well as the durability and preservation of wood sleepers and bearers for use in railway tracks. It does not cover specific finishing processes which may be required by the customer. It does not apply to other track timbers.
Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Gleis- und Weichenschwellen aus Holz
Diese Europäische Norm bezeichnet Holzarten, Qualitätsanforderungen, Herkunft, Bearbeitungsbedingungen, Formen, Abmessungen und Toleranzen sowie die Dauerhaftigkeit und die Konservierung der Gleis- und Weichenschwellen aus Holz zur Anwendung im Gleisbau. Sie behandelt keine besonderen Verfahren zur Endfertigung, welche kundenseitig gefordert werden. Ferner gilt diese Norm nicht für andere Hölzer im Gleisbau.
Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Traverses et supports en bois
Cette norme européenne définit les essences, les exigences de qualité, l’origine, les conditions de fabrication, les formes, dimensions et tolérances, tout comme la durabilité et le traitement de préservation des traverses et supports en bois utilisés dans les voies ferrées. Elle ne couvre pas les finitions spécifiques pouvant être demandées par le client. Elle ne s’applique pas aux autres pièces de bois utilisées dans la voie.
Železniške naprave - Zgornji ustroj - Leseni pragi in kretniški leseni pragi
Ta evropski standard opredeljuje vrste lesa, zahteve glede kakovosti, izvor, pogoje izdelave, oblike, mere in odstopanja ter trajnost in ohranjanje lesenih pragov in kretniških lesenih pragov, ki se uporabljajo pri železniškem zgornjem ustroju. Ne zajema posebnih postopkov dodelave, ki jih morda zahteva kupec. Ne velja za drug les za zgornji ustroj.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Železniške naprave - Zgornji ustroj - Leseni pragi in kretniški leseni pragiBahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Gleis- und Weichenschwellen aus HolzApplications ferroviaires - Voie - Traverses et supports en boisRailway applications - Track - Wood sleepers and bearers79.040Les, hlodovina in žagan lesWood, sawlogs and sawn timber45.080Rails and railway componentsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13145:2001+A1:2011SIST EN 13145:2004+A1:2012en,fr,de01-januar-2012SIST EN 13145:2004+A1:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 13145:2004+A1:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13145:2001+A1
October 2011 ICS 79.040; 93.100 Supersedes EN 13145:2001English Version
Railway applications - Track - Wood sleepers and bearers
Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Traverses et supports en bois
Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Gleis- und Weichenschwellen aus Holz This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 December 2000 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 6 September 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13145:2001+A1:2011: ESIST EN 13145:2004+A1:2012
EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .31 Scope .42 Normative references .43 Terms and definitions .44 Species .95 Forms, dimensions and tolerances .95.1 Forms .95.1.1 Sleepers .95.1.2 Bearers . 105.2 Dimensions . 105.3 Tolerances . 106 Defects and quality features . 116.1 Raw materials . 116.2 Untreated sleepers and bearers . 117 Durability and preservation . 147.1 Durability . 147.2 Preservation . 157.2.1 Sleepers and bearers . 157.2.2 Wood preservative . 157.2.3 Penetration . 157.2.4 Retention . 158 Factory production control . 169 Marking . 16Annex A (informative)
Most commonly used dimensions for sleepers and bearers . 17Annex ZA (informative)
!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC" . 19 SIST EN 13145:2004+A1:2012
EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13145:2001+A1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2012. !This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of
EU Directive 2008/57/EC. For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document." This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2011-09-06. This document supersedes EN 13145:2001. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! ". Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
SIST EN 13145:2004+A1:2012
EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard defines wood species, quality requirements, origin, manufacturing conditions, forms, dimensions and tolerances as well as the durability and preservation of wood sleepers and bearers for use in railway tracks. It does not cover specific finishing processes that may be required by the customer. It does not apply to other track timbers. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 252 Field test method for determining the relative protective effectiveness of a wood preservative in ground contact EN 335-1 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Definition of hazard classes of biological attack - Part 1: General EN 350-2 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Natural durability of solid wood - Part 2: Guide to natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in Europe EN 351-1 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Preservative-treated solid wood - Part 1: Classification of preservative penetration and retention EN 599-1 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Performance of wood preservatives as determined by biological tests - Part 1: Specification according to hazard class EN 844-3:1995 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 3: General terms relating to sawn timber EN 844-7:1997 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 7: Terms relating to the anatomical structure of timber EN 844-9:1997 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 9: Terms relating to features of sawn timber EN 844-10:1998 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 10: Terms relating to stain and fungal attack EN 844-11:1998 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 11: Terms relating to degrade by insects 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 wood sleeper wood beam which supports running rails, check rails and where appropriate conductor rails at right angles to its axis. Usually the beam supports two running rails to form one track 3.2 wood bearer wood beam, similar to a sleeper but generally longer, used to support running rails, check rails and where appropriate conductor rails, crossings and operating mechanisms in switches and crossings SIST EN 13145:2004+A1:2012
EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 5 3.3 heartwood inner zone of wood that, in the growing tree, has ceased to contain living cells or to conduct sap
[EN 844-7:1997] 3.4 sapwood outer zone of wood that, in the growing tree, contains living cells and conducts sap [EN 844-7:1997] 3.5 included sapwood presence in the heartwood of a complete or incomplete ring having the colour and the properties of sapwood [EN 844-9:1997] 3.6 red heart in beech red or brown stain affecting the central portion of beech wood, sharply defined [EN 844-10:1998] 3.7 grey, purple heart grey or purple discoloration of the heartwood due to fungal attack 3.8 grain general direction or arrangement of fibres [EN 844-7:1997] 3.9 edge grain timber converted so that the growth rings meet the upper face of the sleeper or bearer at an angle greater than 45° when measured at the centre of the upper face (see figure 1) Figure 1 - Edge grain The line a-b is a tangent to the growth ring where it meets the upper face of the sleeper or bearer. The angle is measured at c 3.10 annual ring growth ring corresponding to an annual period of growth [EN 844-7:1997] 3.11 wane original rounded surface of a log, with or without bark, on any face or edge of sawn timber (see figure 2)
[EN 844-3:1995] abc SIST EN 13145:2004+A1:2012
EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 6
Figure 2 - Wane 3.12 chairing area for sleepers, the chairing area is the area on the upper surface covering a length of 250 mm on both sides of the centre of each rail to be mounted For bearers, the chairing area covers the whole length with the exception of 250 mm at each end. 3.13 rot decomposition of wood by fungi or other micro-organisms resulting in softening, progressive loss of mass and strength, and often a change of texture and colour [EN 844-10:1998] 3.14 knot portion of a branch embedded in the wood [EN 844-9:1997] 3.15 sound knot knot showing no indication of rot [EN 844-9:1997] 3.16 intergrown knot knot that, on the surface considered, is intergrown with the surrounding wood for more than 3/4 of its cross-sectional perimeter [EN 844-9:1997] 3.17 dead knot knot that, on the surface considered, is intergrown with the surrounding wood for less than 1/4 of its cross sectional perimeter [EN 844-9:1997] 3.18 loose knot dead knot that is not held firmly in place [EN 844-9:1997] 3.19 unsound knot knot affected by rot [EN 844-9:1997] 3.20 indent recess caused by mechanical removal of an unsound knot down to the sound part of the timber 3.21 bark pocket bark that is partly or wholly enclosed in the wood [EN 844-9:1997] SIST EN 13145:2004+A1:2012
EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 7 3.22 fissure longitudinal separation of fibres [EN 844-9:1997] 3.23 split fissure that extends from one surface to another [EN 844-9:1997] 3.24 frost crack radial fissure caused by frost action on the standing tree that extends from the sapwood to the pith and for a certain distance longitudinally [EN 844-9:1997] NOTE: Frost crack is accompanied by darkening of the adjacent wood and deviation of the annual rings. 3.25 check short, narrow and shallow fissure [EN 844-9:1997] NOTE: Caused by drying. 3.26 end shake fissure showing on the end surface [EN 844-9:1997] NOTE: For sawn timber, possibly extending to a face or edge. 3.27 heart shake radial end shake originating at the pith [EN 844-9:1997] 3.28 ring shake fissure following the line of a growth ring [EN 844-9:1997] 3.29 spring lengthwise curvature of a piece of timber normal to the edge (see figure 3) [EN 844-3:1995]
top view Figure 3 - Spring SIST EN 13145:2004+A1:2012
EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 8 3.30 bow lengthwise curvature of a piece of timber normal to the face (see figure 4) [EN 844-3:1995]
side view Figure 4 - Bow 3.31 cup curvature of a piece of timber across the width of the face (see figure 5) [EN 844-3:1995]
Figure 5 - Cup 3.32 twist lengthwise spiral distortion of a piece of timber (see figure 6) [EN 844-3:1995]
Figure 6 - Twist 3.33 resin pocket lens-shaped cavity in timber containing, or that has contained, a resin [EN 844-9:1997] 3.34 gum vein vein in timber containing, or that has contained, a resinous substance 3.35 bore hole hole or tunnel in timber caused by insects [EN 844-11:1998] 3.36 pith zone within the first growth ring that consists chiefly of soft tissue [EN 844-7:1997] 3.37 creosote oil distilled from coal tar 3.38 tropical hardwood hardwood grown in the tropics and all other southern hemisphere forests SIST EN 13145:2004+A1:2012
EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 9 4 Species The requirements of this European Standard relate to the following recommended wood species (see table 1). Table 1 - List of wood species Botanical name Common name (for guidance only) European hardwoods
Quercus robur Quercus petraea Quercus pubescens European oak Fagus sylvatica Beech European softwoods
Pinus sylvestris Scots pine Pinus pinaster (Pinus maritima) Maritime pine Pinus pinea Stone pine Pinus nigra Corsican/Austrian pine Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir Larix Sp.1) Larch Tropical hardwoods
Lophira alata Azobé, Ekki, Bongossi Shorea laevis, Shorea sp. div. 1) Bangk
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