Characterization of sludges - Determination of calorific value

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the gross calorific value of sludge at constant volume and at the reference temperature 25 °C in a bomb calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified benzoic acid.
The result obtained is the gross calorific value of the sample at constant volume with both the water of the combustion products and the moisture of the sludge as liquid water. In practice, sludges are burned at constant (atmospheric) pressure and the water is not condensed but is removed as vapour with the flue gases. Under these conditions, the operative heat of combustion to be used is the net calorific value of the fuel at constant pressure. In this European Standard the net calorific value at constant volume is described as it requires less additional determinations.
This method is applicable to all kinds of sludges.

Charakterisierung von Schlämmen - Bestimmung des Brenn- und Heizwertes

Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Brennwertes für Schlamm bei konstantem Volumen und bei einer Referenztemperatur von 25 °C in einem Bombenkalorimeter fest, das durch die Ver-brennung zertifizierter Benzoesäure kalibriert wurde.
Das Prüfergebnis ist der Brennwert der Analysenprobe bei konstantem Volumen, bei dem sowohl das Wasser in den Verbrennungsprodukten als auch das im Schlamm enthaltene Wasser in flüssigem Zustand vorliegen. In der Praxis wird Schlamm bei konstantem (atmosphärischem) Druck verbrannt, wobei das Wasser nicht kondensiert, sondern als Wasserdampf zusammen mit den Abgasen abgeführt wird. Unter diesen Bedin¬gungen ist die zu berücksichtigende effektive Verbrennungswärme der Heizwert des Brennstoffs bei konstan¬tem Druck. In dieser Europäischen Norm wird der Heizwert bei konstantem Volumen beschrieben, da er einfacher zu bestimmen ist.
Das Verfahren ist auf alle Schlammarten anwendbar.

Caractérisation des boues - Détermination du pouvoir calorifique

La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode de détermination du pouvoir calorifique supérieur des
boues, à volume constant et à la température de référence de 25 °C dans une bombe calorimétrique
étalonnée par combustion d’acide benzoïque certifié.
Le résultat obtenu est le pouvoir calorifique supérieur de l’échantillon à volume constant, l’eau des produits de
combustion et l’humidité des boues étant à l’état liquide. Dans la pratique, les boues sont brûlées à pression
(atmosphérique) constante et l’eau n’est pas condensée mais retirée sous forme de vapeur avec les produits
de combustion. Dans ces conditions, la chaleur effective de la combustion à utiliser est le pouvoir calorifique
inférieur du combustible, à pression constante. La présente Norme européenne décrit le pouvoir calorifique
inférieur à volume constant, car cela nécessite moins de déterminations supplémentaires.
La présente méthode s’applique à tous les types de boues.

Karakterizacija blata - Določevanje kalorične vrednosti

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Apr-2009
ICS
13.030.20 - Liquid wastes. Sludge
Technical Committee
KAT - Soil quality
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
24-Mar-2009
Due Date
29-May-2009
Completion Date
15-Apr-2009
Directive
89/369/EEC - Prevention of air pollution from new municipal waste incineration plants
Ref Project
EN 15170:2008 - Characterization of sludges - Determination of calorific value

Overview - EN 15170:2008 (Characterization of sludges - Determination of calorific value)

EN 15170:2008 is a CEN European Standard that specifies a laboratory method to determine the gross calorific value of sludges using a bomb calorimeter. Measurements are performed at constant volume and referenced to 25 °C. Calibration is carried out by combustion of certified benzoic acid. The standard reports the gross calorific value with combustion and sludge moisture considered as liquid water; a calculated net calorific value (at constant volume) can be derived from additional data (hydrogen and moisture content). The method is applicable to all kinds of sludges and is intended to support assessment for thermal treatment and energy recovery.

Key topics and technical requirements

  • Measurement principle: Combustion of a weighed sludge sample in a high‑pressure oxygen bomb calorimeter; corrected temperature rise and calibrated effective heat capacity yield gross calorific value.
  • Calibration: Use of calorimetric‑standard benzoic acid with traceable certification.
  • Reference conditions: Constant volume, reference temperature 25 °C; oxygen purity ≥ 99.5% and bomb filling to about 3 MPa.
  • Apparatus & accuracy: Calorimeter with thermostat, stirrer, thermometer with resolution ~0.001 K (short‑term repeatability 0.001 K), balances with 0.1 mg (0.01 mg recommended for very small samples), crucibles, and pressure control (relief at ~3.5 MPa).
  • Corrections and calculations: Allowances for ignition energy, fuse combustion, formation of acids (sulfuric acid correction), and conversion from gross to net calorific values using hydrogen and moisture data.
  • Scope limitations: Gross calorific value represents heat with water condensed; practical combustion at atmospheric pressure uses net calorific value (water as vapor), so calculation steps are needed to obtain operative heating value.

Applications and users

EN 15170 is used by:

  • Environmental and analytical laboratories performing sludge characterization.
  • Wastewater treatment operators assessing sludge suitability for incineration, co‑combustion or energy recovery.
  • Engineers and consultants designing thermal sludge treatment and energy-from-waste systems.
  • Regulatory bodies and auditors verifying fuel value data for mass‑balance and permitting. Practical benefits include reliable comparison of sludge fuels, feedstock evaluation for thermal processes, and data to support feasibility studies for sludge-to-energy projects.

Related standards

  • EN 12832 (sludge vocabulary)
  • EN 12880 (dry residue and water content)
  • EN ISO 16720 (sample pretreatment)
  • ISO 651 / 652 / 1770 / 1771 (thermometers)
  • ISO/TS 12902, ISO 1928, CEN/TS 14918 (additional calorimetric and fuel calculation methods)

Keywords: EN 15170, sludge calorific value, bomb calorimeter, gross calorific value, net calorific value, benzoic acid calibration, sludge characterization, sludge-to-energy.

Frequently Asked Questions

SIST EN 15170:2009 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Characterization of sludges - Determination of calorific value". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the gross calorific value of sludge at constant volume and at the reference temperature 25 °C in a bomb calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified benzoic acid. The result obtained is the gross calorific value of the sample at constant volume with both the water of the combustion products and the moisture of the sludge as liquid water. In practice, sludges are burned at constant (atmospheric) pressure and the water is not condensed but is removed as vapour with the flue gases. Under these conditions, the operative heat of combustion to be used is the net calorific value of the fuel at constant pressure. In this European Standard the net calorific value at constant volume is described as it requires less additional determinations. This method is applicable to all kinds of sludges.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the gross calorific value of sludge at constant volume and at the reference temperature 25 °C in a bomb calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified benzoic acid. The result obtained is the gross calorific value of the sample at constant volume with both the water of the combustion products and the moisture of the sludge as liquid water. In practice, sludges are burned at constant (atmospheric) pressure and the water is not condensed but is removed as vapour with the flue gases. Under these conditions, the operative heat of combustion to be used is the net calorific value of the fuel at constant pressure. In this European Standard the net calorific value at constant volume is described as it requires less additional determinations. This method is applicable to all kinds of sludges.

SIST EN 15170:2009 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.030.20 - Liquid wastes. Sludge. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

SIST EN 15170:2009 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 89/369/EEC. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.

You can purchase SIST EN 15170:2009 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of SIST standards.

Standards Content (Sample)


2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Charakterisierung von Schlämmen - Bestimmung des Brenn- und HeizwertesCaractérisation des boues - Détermination du pouvoir calorifiqueCharacterization of sludges - Determination of calorific value13.030.20Liquid wastes. SludgeICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15170:2008SIST EN 15170:2009en,fr,de01-maj-2009SIST EN 15170:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15170November 2008ICS 13.030.40 English VersionCharacterization of sludges - Determination of calorific valueCaractérisation des boues - Détermination du pouvoircalorifiqueCharakterisierung von Schlämmen - Bestimmung desBrenn- und HeizwertesThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 October 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15170:2008: ESIST EN 15170:2009

Example of a calorimeter.18 Annex B (informative)
Temperature evolution.19 Annex C (informative)
Results of the interlaboratory comparison.20 Bibliography.21
...

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글 제목: SIST EN 15170:2009 - 슬러지의 특성화 - 발열량 결정 글 내용: 이 유럽 표준은 인증된 벤조산 연소에 의해 교정된 폭발열량계에서 정적 압력과 참조 온도 25°C에서 슬러지의 굴절 발열량을 결정하기 위한 방법을 명시합니다. 얻어진 결과는 샘플의 굴절 발열량이며, 연소 생성물의 수분과 슬러지의 수분을 액상 수로 간주합니다. 실제로, 슬러지는 정압에서 연소되며, 물은 응결되지 않고 연기 가스와 함께 수증기로 제거됩니다. 이런 조건에서 사용되는 연소열은 절대 압력에서의 연료의 순발열량입니다. 이 유럽 표준에서는 보다 추가적인 결정이 필요하지 않은 굴절 발열량 계산 방법이 서술되어 있습니다. 이 방법은 모든 종류의 슬러지에 적용될 수 있습니다.

제목: SIST EN 15170:2009 - 슬러지의 특성화 - 발열량 측정 내용: 이 유럽 표준은 슬러지의 총 발열량을 일정한 체적과 25°C의 기준 온도에서 인증된 벤조산의 연소를 통해 보정된 폭발열 측정기를 사용하여 결정하는 방법을 명시합니다. 결과값은 시료의 총 발열량으로, 연소 생성물의 수분과 슬러지의 수분을 액체인 물로 고려합니다. 실제로 슬러지는 상수(기압)에서 연소되고 수분은 플루 가스와 함께 증기로 제거되지만 응용열계산에서는 유체 압력에서 원 연료의 순발열량이 사용됩니다. 이 유럽 표준에서는 추가 측정이 덜 필요하기 때문에 일정한 체적에서의 순발열량을 설명합니다. 이 방법은 모든 종류의 슬러지에 적용될 수 있습니다.

記事のタイトル：SIST EN 15170:2009 - スラッジの特性評価 - 発熱量の測定 記事の内容：この欧州規格は、ボンベ内のバーノ酸の燃焼による較正を通じて、スラッジの総発熱量を定常体積および基準温度25℃で測定する方法を定めています。 測定結果は、試料の総発熱量を表し、燃焼生成物の水分とスラッジの水分の両方を液体水として考慮します。実際にはスラッジは一定の（気圧）で燃焼され、水分はフルーガスと共に蒸気として除去されますが、この条件下では、使用する操作燃焼熱は、一定圧力での燃料の淨発熱量です。この規格では、追加の測定が少ないため、定常体積での淨発熱量を説明しています。 この方法は、あらゆる種類のスラッジに適用することができます。

記事のタイトル：SIST EN 15170:2009 - スラッジの特性化 - 発熱量の決定 記事内容：この欧州規格は、認定された安息香酸の燃焼によって校正された爆発熱計を使用して、定積条件と参照温度25℃でスラッジの総発熱量を決定する方法を指定しています。得られる結果は、試料の総発熱量であり、燃焼生成物の水分とスラッジの水分を液体水として考慮します。実際には、スラッジは定圧で燃焼され、水は凝縮せずに煙突ガスとともに蒸気として除去されます。これらの条件下では、使用される燃焼熱は定圧条件下での燃料の正味発熱量ですが、追加の定量が必要とされます。この欧州規格では、追加の定量が必要ない定積条件下の総発熱量の計算方法が記載されています。この方法は、あらゆる種類のスラッジに適用することができます。

The European Standard, SIST EN 15170:2009, provides a method for determining the gross calorific value of sludge. This is done at a constant volume and a reference temperature of 25 °C using a bomb calorimeter calibrated with certified benzoic acid. The result obtained is the gross calorific value of the sample, considering both the water of the combustion products and the moisture of the sludge as liquid water. Sludges are typically burned at constant atmospheric pressure, where the water is removed as vapor with the flue gases. Under these conditions, the operative heat of combustion is the net calorific value at constant pressure, which requires additional determinations. This method is suitable for all types of sludges.

The article discusses the SIST EN 15170:2009 standard, which outlines a method for determining the gross calorific value of sludge. The method involves using a bomb calorimeter calibrated with benzoic acid to measure the calorific value of the sludge at a constant volume and reference temperature of 25 °C. The result obtained accounts for both the water in the combustion products and the moisture in the sludge. Sludges are typically burned at constant pressure, and in these cases, the net calorific value is used. However, the article focuses on the net calorific value at constant volume as it requires fewer additional determinations. This method is applicable to all types of sludges.