SIST EN 17173:2020
(Main)European CBRNE glossary
European CBRNE glossary
This European Standard contains terms and definitions applications to CBRNE.
Common understanding and communication is important in the implementation of an effective CBRNE response and this communication will be most effective if there is common understanding of the terms used. Many of the terms and definitions listed here have been widely used for many years, while others are the result of cross-cutting experience of areas of CBRNE. The gradual evolution of our understanding of CBRNE and response measures means that CBRNE terminology will continue to develop.
Europäisches CBRNE-Glossar
Diese Europäische Norm enthält Begriffe für CBRNE-Anwendungen.
Allgemeines Verständnis und Kommunikation sind wichtig bei der Umsetzung einer wirksamen CBRNE-Reaktion und diese Kommunikation wird am wirksamsten sein, wenn die verwendeten Begriffe allgemein verstanden werden. Viele der hierin aufgeführten Begriffe sind seit vielen Jahren sehr gebräuchlich, während andere das Ergebnis übergreifender Erfahrung über die verschiedenen CBRNE-Bereiche sind. Die schrittweise Entwicklung unseres Verständnisses hinsichtlich CBRNE und Gegenmaßnahmen bedeutet, dass sich die CBRNE Terminologie weiter entwickeln wird.
Glossaire CBRNE européen
La présente Norme européenne contient les termes et définitions applicables au domaine CBRNE.
Une compréhension et une communication communes sont importantes pour la mise en oeuvre d’une réponse efficace à un incident CBRNE, et cette communication sera d’autant plus efficace s’il y a une compréhension commune des termes utilisés. De nombreux termes et définitions répertoriés ici sont largement utilisés depuis de nombreuses années, alors que d’autres sont le résultat d’une expérience transversale dans le domaine CBRNE. L’évolution progressive de notre compréhension du CBRNE et des mesures de réponse signifie que la terminologie CBRNE va continuer à se développer.
Evropski slovar CBRNE
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 17173:2020
01-november-2020
Evropski slovar CBRNE
European CBRNE glossary
Europäisches CBRNE-Glossar
Glossaire CBRNE européen
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17173:2020
ICS:
01.040.13 Okolje. Varovanje zdravja. Environment. Health
Varnost (Slovarji) protection. Safety
(Vocabularies)
13.300 Varstvo pred nevarnimi Protection against dangerous
izdelki goods
13.310 Varstvo pred kriminalom Protection against crime
SIST EN 17173:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 17173:2020
EN 17173
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.040.13; 13.300; 13.310
English Version
European CBRNE glossary
Glossaire CBRNE européen Europäisches CBRNE-Glossar
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 July 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIO N
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUN G
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17173:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
Annex A (informative) Control areas and zones . 98
Bibliography . 99
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European foreword
This document (EN 17173:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 391 “Societal and
Citizen Security”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2021, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by March 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
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1 Scope
This document contains terms and definitions for CBRNE (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear,
explosive) applications.
Common understanding and communication is important in the implementation of an effective CBRNE
response and this communication will be most effective if there is common understanding of the terms
used. Many of the terms and definitions listed here have been widely used for many years, while others
are the result of cross-cutting experience of areas of CBRNE. The gradual evolution of our understanding
of CBRNE and response measures means that CBRNE terminology will continue to develop.
This document is dedicated to first responders, administrative staff, industry representatives and
researchers.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
A1 and A2
categories to determine the type of packaging for transport of radioactive material, corresponding to the
maximum activity, expressed in Becquerel
Note 1 to entry: A1 refers to a non-dispersible solid radioactive material or a sealed capsule containing
radioactive material.
Note 2 to entry: A2 refers to the normal occurrence of radioactive material.
Note 3 to entry: The maximum Becquerel values for A1 or A2 differ for various nuclides.
Note 4 to entry: See ADR.
3.2
abandoned chemical weapons
chemical weapons, including old chemical weapons, abandoned by a state after 1 January 1925 on the
territory of another state without the consent of the latter
3.3
absorbed dose
energy from ionising radiation absorbed per unit mass
Note 1 to entry: Expressed in the unit gray (Gy). absorbed dose
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3.4
accident
unplanned and unintended event that interrupts an activity and sometimes causes injury or damage,
including operating errors, equipment failures and other mishaps, the consequences or potential
consequences of which are not negligible from the point of view of protection or safety
3.5
active decontamination
employment of chemical, biological or mechanical processes to remove or neutralize chemical, biological
or radioactive materials
Note 1 to entry: Active decontamination is conducted when contamination will adversely affect the operational
capabilities.
Note 2 to entry: There are three levels of active decontamination employed by operational units: immediate,
operational and thorough decontamination.
Note 3 to entry: See “Passive decontamination”.
3.6
Acute Exposure Guideline Level
AEGL
toxicologically substantiated maximum exposure level intended for the protection of the general public
against a once-in-a-lifetime, or rare exposure
Note 1 to entry: It represents the airborne concentration of a substance at or above which it is predicted that the
general public could experience:
1) notable discomfort (AEGL-1);
2) irreversible or other serious, long-lasting effects or an impaired ability to escape (AEGL-2); or
3) life-threatening health effects or death (AEGL-3).
Note 2 to entry: AEGL values are defined for a variety of times of exposure.
Note 3 to entry: See: Exposure limits value.
3.7
Acute Hazard Area
potential area where the radiation levels are expected to be sufficiently high to indicate that active
measures should be adopted to reduce exposure
Note 1 to entry: Unprotected personnel who remains in this area for a significant period can be anticipated to
receive acute hazard doses which are high enough to cause short-term incapacitation, lasting effects to health or
death from acute radiation syndrome.
Note 2 to entry: Operations by first responders within this area are restricted to mission critical tasks only.
Note 3 to entry: See: Acute hazard dose.
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3.8
acute hazard dose
potential receive doses, in the Acute Hazard Area, within 24 hours, which is high enough to cause some
short-term incapacitation, but full recovery is expected
Note 1 to entry: Doses are regulated on national levels.
Note 2 to entry: See: Acute Hazard Area.
3.9
acute infection
rapid onset of disease with a relatively short duration of symptoms and resolution within days (see in
comparison: chronic infection)
Note 1 to entry: Acute viral infections are typically observed with pathogens such as influenza virus and rhinovirus,
but also with very severe infections like Ebola haemorrhagic fever.
Note 2 to entry: It is important to distinguish viral from bacterial infections, because acute bacterial infections can
be treated with antibiotics, while (some) acute viral infections are treated with antiviral drugs.
3.10
European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
ADR
agreement which set requirements for the trans boundary road transport of dangerous goods
Note 1 to entry: See: Dangerous goods.
3.11
ADR classes
classes of dangerous goods
dangerous goods thirteen level classification system which is based on materials hazardous properties
EXAMPLE Explosives, toxic and infectious substances or radioactive material.
3.12
ADR label
regulations for the transport of dangerous goods (ADR) specified hazard symbol labels for dangerous
goods
Note 1 to entry: A label is form of square (i.e. diamond-shaped set at an angle of 45°), in distinctive colours, and in
generally contains a hazard symbol. A label also contains a class number, an UN number, or a word or phrase
describing the hazard (e.g. FLAMMABLE).
3.13
aerogenic infection
airborne infection
infection with viruses, bacteria or fungi (or their spores) by inhalation of the organisms
Note 1 to entry: It can be distinguished between droplets (organisms that are suspended in the air on water
droplets, > 100 µm) or aerosols (organisms suspended on nuclei of droplets, dust particles or other carrier
substances < 10 µm).
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3.14
Agent Orange
military term for a mixture of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
(TCDD)
Note 1 to entry: It was used as a defoliant from 1965 to 1971 during the Vietnam War.
3.15
agroterrorism
deliberate malicious introduction of an animal or plant disease into the food chain with the goal of
generating fear, causing economic losses and impaired food security by disruption or damage of a
country's agriculture, and/or undermining social stability
3.16
alarm
indication from any source (signal or message from a person or device) that an emergency exists or a
chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear attack or release other than attack may have occurred and
required actions to response
Note 1 to entry: See: Instrument alarm, warning.
3.17
alarm level
lowest measurement value of the concentration of a substance, which can be detected by a sensor with
confidence
Note 1 to entry: Alarm levels can be set by calibration and can be adjustment.
Note 2 to entry: Alarm levels typically are descripted low level, medium level and high level.
Note 3 to entry: Alarm levels are referred to as the detection limit or sensitivity.
3.18
ambient dose equivalent
operational quantity used for assessing effective dose in area monitoring
Note 1 to entry: The ambient dose equivalent H*(d) at a point in a radiation field is the dose equivalent that would
be produced by the corresponding expanded at a depth d on the radius opposing the direction of the aligned field.
3.19
ambient monitoring
methods for identifying hazardous substances and determining their amount in air, dust, soil and water
or materials in order to monitor human or animal exposure
3.20
ammunition
generic term related mainly to articles of military application consisting of all kind of bombs, grenades,
rockets, mines, projectiles and other similar devices
Note 1 to entry: For civilian purposes ammunition is used for small firearms.
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3.21
analysis time
time that a detection instrument needs to detect and identify a threat substance
Note 1 to entry: The analysis time is an important performance indicator for a detection instrument when detection
is to be performed in a time sensitive scenario.
3.22
analytical technique
fundamental scientific phenomenon that has proved useful for providing information on the composition
of substances
3.23
analytic method
specific application of analytic technique to solve an analytic problem
3.24
annual limit of intake
ALI
activity of a specific radionuclide, which, if inhaled or ingested by a worker or member of the general
public, corresponds to the corresponding annual dose limit
3.25
antidote
drug (with a known action mechanism) given to a patient to counteract the toxic effects of a poison by
modifying its toxicokinetics or toxicodynamics, and whose administration reliably produces a significant
benefit
3.26
antitoxin
antibodies derived from plants, animals or microorganisms that counteract a specific toxin
Note 1 to entry: OR An antibody with the ability to neutralize a specific toxin.
3.27
as low as reasonably achievable
ALARA
risk management principle that mandates the minimum exposure of personnel to chemical, biological,
radiological and nuclear hazards, subject only to the overriding demands of the operational mission
3.28
assembly point
area at the outer cordon for people assembling and awaiting evacuation from the scene
See: Assistance centre, Annex A.
3.29
assessment
process and the result of analysing systematically and evaluating the hazards associated with agents,
sources and practices, and associated protection and safety measures
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3.30
assistance centre
any facility (whether physical or virtual) set up during response to and recovery from an emergency to
provide a range of assistance to different categories of people affected by the emergency
3.31
asymptomatic carrier
healthy carrier
person, animal or other organism which contracted an infectious agent without showing any apparent
signs of the disease
Note to entry 1: Asymptomatic carriers are capable of transmitting the agent to others.
3.32
atomic energy
electric energy or heat that is produced by making use of the release of energy from nuclear reactions,
more specifically in the fission or the fusion of the nucleus
3.33
authorised carrier
person or entity which arranges the transport of radioactive material including special fissile material on
its own behalf or on behalf of others, in their name or on its own, even if using the means of others
responsible for the staff, vehicles and structures which are made available
Note 1 to entry: In some countries, carriers previously approved by the competent authorities can only carry out
transportation by land, sea or air of special fissionable material in any quantity of radioactive material.
Note 2 to entry: See: Carrier.
3.34
autoignition temperature
lowest temperature at which substances will spontaneously ignite in a normal atmosphere without an
external source of ignition, such as a flame or spark
Note 1 to entry: This temperature falls as the pressure or concentration of oxygen increases.
3.35
avirulent
lacking virulence (ability) of bacterium, virus, fungus or parasite infect an animal and/or human without
inducing a clinical disease
Note 1 to entry: Infection can be verified by determining the immune response.
3.36
background radiation
continuously present radiation in the environment which is emitted from a variety of natural and artificial
sources
Note 1 to entry: See: Natural background radiation.
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3.37
bacterium
prokaryotic, in most cases a single-cell, self-reproducing microorganism of few micrometres in size,
lacking a true nucleus and organelles
Note 1 to entry: It is surrounded by a cytoplasmic membrane and in most cases additionally by a cell wall.
Note 2 to entry: Some of bacterium are capable to induce disease in humans, animals or plants.
3.38
binary device
chemical weapon or system containing relatively non-toxic substances (precursors or key components),
producing a chemical warfare agent when mixed and allowed to react
Note 1 to entry: When the ammunition (bomb, projectile, grenade, etc.) is fired, the initial substances are mixed and
allowed to react, producing a chemical warfare agent.
3.39
binary explosive
two component explosive which contains two safe-to-handle compounds
Note 1 to entry: The final explosive is prepared by mixing both compounds before use.
3.40
Biological agent
B
microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi or endoparasites including genetically modified organisms) and
biological toxins which may induce an infection, disease or allergy in humans, animals or plants
Note 1 to entry: Biological agents can be misused in criminal acts, bioterrorism or biological warfare.
3.41
biological hazard
biohazard
biological substances like microorganisms or biological toxins that pose a threat to the health of humans,
animals or to other living organisms
Note 1 to entry: National and international authorities have categories of various agents and diseases in levels of
biohazard.
Note 2 to entry: See: Biological agents.
3.42
biological toxin
biotoxin
toxic substance explicitly derived from living organisms, like non-replicative, non-infectious material but
which can be extremely hazardous even in small quantities
Note 1 to entry: Biological toxin can be used for contaminating of food, water supplies and to target specific
individuals.
Note 2 to entry: Toxin that have been considered to be used as weapon include ricin, abrin, botulinum,
staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and Tricholthecene Mycotoxins (T2s).
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3.43
biological weapon
device, that consist of the biological agent and the dissemination mechanism and releases a biological
agent or pathogen such as bacteria or viruses that are harmful to humans or animals and/or vegetation
3.44
Biological Weapons Convention
BWC
arms control agreement, Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling
of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
Note 1 to entry: The BWC was the first multilateral disarmament treaty banning an entire category of weapons.
Note 2 to entry: It opened for signature in 1972, entered into force in 1975, and enjoys almost universal membership
today.
3.45
biomarker
measurable characteristic (e.g. substance or alteration), which can be used as an indicator for a biological
state like exposure or illness
3.46
biomonitoring
biological monitoring
measures to examine harmful substances or metabolites in exposed individuals body fluids (bound to
proteins or nucleic acids) to estimate body burden and potential health risk
3.47
biorisk
combination of the probability of occurrence of a particular harmful event and the severity of the harm
when the source of harm is a biological agent
Note 1 to entry: The source of the biological agent can be a natural, unintentional exposure, accidental release or
loss, theft, misuse, diversion, unauthorised access or intentional unauthorised release.
3.48
biosafety
development and implementation of administrative policies, work practices, facility design and safety
equipment to prevent the transmission of biological agents to laboratory personnel, other persons and
the environment
3.49
biosecurity
measures of the protection of high-consequence microbial agents, technologies, materials and toxins as
well as critical relevant information against theft or diversion by those who intend to misuse them
intentionally
3.50
bioterrorism
threat of or an intentional release or dissemination of biological agents to cause fear, illness or death in
humans, animals or plants and/or disrupt social, economic or political stability
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3.51
bioterrorism-relevant agent
biological agent with the potential to be used by non-state actors in a terrorist attack (bioterrorism)
3.52
blast
rapid expansion of gases at high pressure and temperature by a result of an explosion
3.53
blasting
process to loosening e.g. rocks and soil by the use of explosives
Note 1 to entry: See: Blasting explosive, civilian explosive.
3.54
blasting explosive
explosive in civil use, e.g. in quarrying, road construction, and demolition
Note 1 to entry: See: Civilian explosive.
3.55
blister agent
vesicant
chemical warfare agent that cause blistering of the skin (chemical burns) as well as severe skin, eye and
mucosal pain and irritation
Note 1 to entry: Larger doses can cause death. Effects arise from liquid or vapour contact with any exposed skin and
mucous membranes (airways, eyes).
EXAMPLE ‘mustards’: sulphur mustard and nitrogen mustard, ‘arsenicals’: Lewisite and phosgene oxime (not
a ‘true vesicant’, but able to create solid lesions).
3.56
blood agent
chemical warfare agent that injures a person by interfering with cell respiration
Note 1 to entry: Is used as an umbrella term or synonym for cyanides.
3.57
boiling point
temperature at which a substance starts to change from the liquid into the gaseous physical state
3.58
bomb
explosive device that is placed, dropped, thrown or projected, designed to explode on impact or when
detonated by a timing, proximity, or remote-control device
3.59
bomb suit
protective suit designed to protect against the shock from a blast as well as shrapnel from the bomb
Note 1 to entry: Used by Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) personnel.
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3.60
booby trap
device (normally improvised) designed to be triggered by an unsuspecting victim
Note 1 to entry: There are numerous common varieties of booby traps designed to trigger an explosive device with
the intention to cause severe injury or death.
Note 2 to entry: See: IED.
3.61
booster
Part of the explosive train whose function is to transfer and enhance the detonation wave from the
initiating explosive to a level sufficient to detonate the next part of the explosive train (other booster or
main charge)
3.62
brisance
DEPRECATED: measure of the work capacity of a high explosive e.g. accelerating matter such as metal
fragments
Note 1 to entry: The detonation pressure is the major factor that has influence on brisance.
Note 2 to entry: Brisance is an obsolete term.
3.63
bulk detection
act of finding large (bulk) quantities of explosives
Note 1 to entry: See: Trace detection, explosives detection system.
3.64
burster
bursting charge
small charge of explosive to open projectiles, or other ammunition in order to disperse their contents
3.65
calibration gas
reference gas or gas mixture used as comparative standard in the calibration of analytical instruments
Note 1 to entry: A calibration gas is of a precisely defined nature or composition, like zero gas.
Note 2 to entry: A calibration gas is traceable to a national or international standard. Traceability is the unbroken
chain of comparisons to an acceptable international standard.
Note 3 to entry: The calibration gas standard establishes a known analyser response to a certified chemical
component concentration.
3.66
calibration
comparison between equipment items, one of which is a measurement
standard of known accuracy, to detect, correlate, adjust and report any variation in the accuracy of the
items
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3.67
canine detection
use of dog for detection of e.g. explosives or drugs
Note 1 to entry: See: Explosive Detection Dog.
3.68
cap sensitivity
measure of the minimum energy, pressure, or power required for initiation of a detonation
3.69
capability
demonstrable ability to respond to and recover from a particular threat or hazard
3.70
capability gap
gap between the current ability to provide a response and the actual response assessed to be required
for a given threat or hazard
3.71
capability programme
programme to develop a range of capabilities that underpin national resilience to disruptive challenges
3.72
capability status
assessment of the level of capability in place
3.73
capability target
level of capability required by the planning assumptions
3.74
carrier
person, organisation or state administration that carries out the transport of radioactive material
Note 1 to entry: Term includes those entities that operate the transport for hire, assign it under a hire contract,
occasionally hire it out for a fee (in some countries: referred to as a public carrier or contract), or which operate the
transport privately (in some countries referred to as a private transporter).
Note 2 to entry: See: Authorized carrier.
3.75
carrier gas
purge gas introduced so as to transport a sample through the separation unit of a gas chromatograph for
analytical purposes
Note 1 to entry: Typical carrier gasses are helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, and argon.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 14532:2017, 2.4.4 modified – Notes 1 to entry have been added.]
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3.76
cartridge
casing or shell surrounding a projectile, a propellant and a primer
Note 1 to entry: The purpose of the cartridge is to contain its content but in the case of ammunition cartridges it
also seals the firing chamber to allow the projectile to exit to the front of the barrel.
3.77
Case Fatality Rate
CFR
measure of the number of deaths in a population suffering from the same disease or injury (typically
expressed in %)
Note 1 to entry: In comparison: mortality rate describes the proportion of deaths in a population.
Note 2 to entry: See: Mortality rate, fatality rate.
3.78
casualty
person physically or mentally injured or killed by accident or incident
Note 1 to entry: See: Victim.
3.79
casualty decontamination
neutralisation or removal of chemical, biological or radioactive agents or materials from a casualty,
allowing the partial or total removal of individual protective equipment by the casualty and carers,
thereby minimising further risks to health and facilitating subsequent treatment
3.80
Chemical Abstracts Service registry number
CAS number
CAS-RN
unique numerical identifier to every chemical substance described in open-access scientific literature
Note 1 to entry: CAS numbers are assigned to groups of substances. A CAS-RN is separated by hyphens into three
parts: the first comprises up to seven digits, the second comprises two digits, and the third is a single digit serving
as a check digit.
Note 2 to entry: The CAS registry is a collection of disclosed chemical substance information, containing more
than 88 million organic and inorganic substances and 65 million protein and DNA sequences.
3.81
casualty evacuation
controlled process of moving any person who is wounded, injured, or ill to and/or between medical
treatment facilities
3.82
casualty management
group of post-incident medical capabilities that are applied to preserve the health of the operators, to
deliver optimal care to casualties, and to maximize the rate at which casualties return to normal
conditions
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3.83
casualty collecting point
location where seriously injured are collected initially
Note 1 to entry: See: Annex A.
3.84
CBRN Sampling and detection module
CBRNDET
certified module and part of the European Civil Protection capabilities
Note 1 to entry: The modules are temporarily self-sufficient and are able to sustain an operation in a contaminated
and/or oxygen deficient environment.
Note 2 to entry: The task of modules is to carry out/confirm the initial assessment, including:
— the description of the dangers or the risks,
— the determination of the contaminated area,
— the assessment or confirmation of the protective
...
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