SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2017

Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test (ISO 5659-2:2017)

This document specifies a method of measuring smoke production from the exposed surface of
specimens of materials or composites. It is applicable to specimens that have an essentially flat surface
and do not exceed 25 mm in thickness when placed in a horizontal orientation and subjected to specified
levels of thermal irradiance in a closed cabinet with or without the application of a pilot flame. This
method of test is applicable to all plastics.
It is intended that the values of optical density determined by this test be taken as specific to the
specimen or assembly material in the form and thickness tested and are not to be considered inherent,
fundamental properties.
The test is intended primarily for use in research and development and fire safety engineering in
buildings, trains, ships, etc. and not as a basis for ratings for building codes or other purposes. No basis
is provided for predicting the density of smoke that can be generated by the materials upon exposure
to heat and flame under other (actual) exposure conditions. This test procedure excludes the effect of
irritants on the eye.
NOTE This test procedure addresses the loss of visibility due to smoke density, which generally is not related
to irritancy potency (see Annex E).
It is emphasized that smoke production from a material varies according to the irradiance level to
which the specimen is exposed. The results yielded from the method specified in this document are
based on exposure to the specific irradiance levels of 25 kW/m2 and 50 kW/m2.

Kunststoffe - Rauchentwicklung - Teil 2: Bestimmung der optischen Dichte durch Einkammerprüfung (ISO 5659-2:2017)

1.1   Dieser Teil von ISO 5659 legt ein Verfahren zur Messung des Rauches fest, der auf der Oberfläche von Probekörpern aus Werkstoffen oder Verbundstoffen entsteht. Das Verfahren gilt für Probekörper mit einer im Wesentlichen flachen Oberfläche und einer Dicke von höchstens 25 mm, die horizontal angeordnet und in einer geschlossenen Prüfkammer mit oder ohne Anwendung einer Zündflamme einer Wärmebestrahlung mit einer bestimmten Intensität ausgesetzt werden. Dieses Prüfverfahren gilt für alle Kunststoffe.
1.2   Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass die Werte der nach dieser Prüfung bestimmten optischen Dichte für den Probekörper oder das vorgefertigte Teil nur in der untersuchten Form und Dicke als spezifisch angesehen werden und nicht als werkstoffspezifische, grundlegende Eigenschaften.
1.3   Die Prüfung ist in erster Linie für die Anwendung in der Forschung und Entwicklung sowie bei der brandschutztechnischen Auslegung von Gebäuden, Zügen, Schiffen usw. und nicht als Bewertungsgrundlage für Bauvorschriften oder sonstige Anwendungen bestimmt. Keine Vorhersage ist für die Dichte des Rauches möglich, den Werkstoffe bei einer Beanspruchung durch Wärme und Flammen unter anderen Expositions¬bedingungen erzeugen können. Dieses Prüfverfahren schließt den Einfluss von Reizstoffen auf die Augen aus.
ANMERKUNG   Dieses Prüfverfahren berücksichtigt die Einschränkung der Sichtweite (Sichtverhältnisse) durch die Rauchentwicklung, die im Allgemeinen nicht in Beziehung zur Reizwirkung steht (siehe Anhang E).
1.4   Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die von einem Werkstoff ausgehende Rauchentwicklung von der Bestrahlungsstärke abhängt, die auf den Probekörper einwirkt. Die mit dem in diesem Teil der ISO 5659 festgelegten Verfahren erhaltenen Ergebnisse beruhen auf einer Beanspruchung mit den spezifischen Bestrahlungsstärken von 25 kW/m2 und 50 kW/m2.

Plastiques - Production de fumée - Partie 2: Détermination de la densité optique par un essai en enceinte unique (ISO 5659-2:2017)

ISO 5659-2:2017 spécifie une méthode pour le mesurage de la production de fumée provenant de la surface exposée d'éprouvettes constituées par des matériaux ou des composites. Elle est applicable à des éprouvettes qui ont une surface essentiellement plane et dont l'épaisseur est inférieure à 25 mm, lorsqu'elles sont orientées horizontalement et soumises à des niveaux spécifiés d'éclairement énergétique thermique dans une enceinte fermée, avec ou sans utilisation de flamme pilote. La présente méthode d'essai est applicable à tous les plastiques.
Les valeurs de densité optique déterminées par le présent essai sont propres au matériau de l'éprouvette ou de l'assemblage soumis à essai, sous la forme et avec l'épaisseur sélectionnées pour l'essai. Ces valeurs ne doivent pas être considérées comme révélatrices de propriétés de base, inhérentes au produit.
L'essai est principalement destiné à être utilisé en recherche et développement et en ingénierie de sécurité incendie dans les bâtiments, les trains, les navires, etc., et non en tant que base d'appréciation pour des codes de construction ou pour d'autres fins. Aucun élément fondamental n'est fourni pour prévoir la densité de la fumée susceptible d'être produite par les matériaux exposés à la chaleur et à une flamme dans d'autres conditions (réelles) d'exposition. Le présent mode opératoire d'essai ne traite pas de l'effet des irritants sur les yeux.

Polimerni materiali - Nastajanje dima - 2. del: Določanje optične gostote s preskusom v eni preskusni komori (ISO 5659-2:2017)

Ta dokument določa metodo merjenja proizvajanja dima na izpostavljenih površinah preskusnih vzorcev materialov in kompozitov. Uporablja se za preskusne vzorce, ki imajo v bistvu gladko površino in niso debelejši od 25 mm, če so v vodoravnem položaju in podvrženi določenim ravnem termičnega sevanja v zaprti omari z ali brez uporabe pilotnega plamena. Ta metoda preskušanja se uporablja za vse polimerne materiale.
Vrednosti optične gostote tega preskusa bi morale biti obravnavane kot vrednosti, ki se nanašajo na preskusne vzorce ali material sestava v obliki in z debelino, za katero je bil preskušen, in niso mišljene kot privzete, temeljne lastnosti.
Preskus je namenjen predvsem raziskavam, razvoju in inženiringu požarne varnosti v/na stavbah, vlakih, ladjah itd. in ne kot osnova za oceno gradbenih predpisov ali v druge namene. Za napovedovanje gostote dima, ki bi lahko nastal po izpostavitvi materialov vročini in plamenom pri drugih (dejanskih) pogojih izpostavljenosti, ni zagotovljene nobene osnove. Ta preskusni postopek ne zajema učinka dražil na oči.
OPOMBA: Ta preskusni postopek obravnava izgubo vidljivosti zaradi gostote dima, ki običajno ni povezana z močjo draženja (glej dodatek E).
Treba je poudariti, da se nastajanje dima iz materiala spreminja glede na raven sevanja,
ki mu je preskusni vzorec izpostavljen. Rezultati, pridobljeni z metodo iz tega dela dokumenta,
temeljijo na izpostavitvi ravnem sevanja 25 kW/m2 in 50 kW/m2.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 21-Apr-2016
• Publication Date: 08-Aug-2017
• ICS: 13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: IPMA - Polimer materials and products
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 10-Jul-2017
• Due Date: 14-Sep-2017
• Completion Date: 09-Aug-2017
• Ref Project: EN ISO 5659-2:2017 - Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test (ISO 5659-2:2017)

Relations

• Revised: SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014 - Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test (ISO 5659-2:2012)
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Replaces: SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014 - Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test (ISO 5659-2:2012)
• Effective Date: 28-Jun-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2017
01-september-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014
3ROLPHUQLPDWHULDOL1DVWDMDQMHGLPDGHO'RORþDQMHRSWLþQHJRVWRWHV
SUHVNXVRPYHQLSUHVNXVQLNRPRUL,62
Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-
chamber test (ISO 5659-2:2017)
Kunststoffe - Rauchentwicklung - Teil 2: Bestimmung der optischen Dichte durch
Einkammerprüfung (ISO 5659-2:2017)
Plastiques - Production de fumée - Partie 2: Détermination de la densité optique par un
essai en enceinte unique (ISO 5659-2:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 5659-2:2017
ICS:
13.220.40 Sposobnost vžiga in Ignitability and burning
obnašanje materialov in behaviour of materials and
proizvodov pri gorenju products
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2017 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2017

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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2017


EN ISO 5659-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

June 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.220.40; 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 5659-2:2012
English Version

Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 2: Determination of
optical density by a single-chamber test (ISO 5659-2:2017)
Plastiques - Production de fumée - Partie 2: Kunststoffe - Rauchentwicklung - Teil 2: Bestimmung
Détermination de la densité optique par un essai en der optischen Dichte durch Einkammerprüfung (ISO
enceinte unique (ISO 5659-2:2017) 5659-2:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 May 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 5659-2:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2017
EN ISO 5659-2:2017 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3

2

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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2017
EN ISO 5659-2:2017 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 5659-2:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics”
in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by
NBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2017, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 5659-2:2012.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 5659-2:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 5659-2:2017 without any
modification.
3

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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2017

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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2017
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5659-2
Fourth edition
2017-05
Plastics — Smoke generation —
Part 2:
Determination of optical density by a
single-chamber test
Plastiques — Production de fumée —
Partie 2: Détermination de la densité optique par un essai en
enceinte unique
Reference number
ISO 5659-2:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017

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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2017
ISO 5659-2:2017(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2017
ISO 5659-2:2017(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principles of the test . 3
5 Suitability of a material or product for testing . 3
5.1 Material or product geometry . 3
5.2 Surface characteristics . 3
5.3 Asymmetrical products . 3
6 Specimen construction and preparation. 4
6.1 Number of specimens . 4
6.2 Size of specimens . 4
6.3 Specimen preparation . 4
6.4 Conditioning . 5
6.5 Wrapping of specimens . 5
7 Apparatus and ancillary equipment . 5
7.1 General . 5
7.2 Test chamber . 6
7.2.1 Construction . 6
7.2.2 Chamber pressure control facilities . 6
7.2.3 Chamber wall temperature . 9
7.3 Specimen support and heating arrangements .10
7.3.1 Radiator cone .10
7.3.2 Framework for support of the radiator cone, specimen holder and heat
flux meter .10
7.3.3 Radiator shield.13
7.3.4 Heat flux meter .13
7.3.5 Specimen holder .14
7.3.6 Pilot burner .14
7.4 Gas supply .15
7.5 Photometric system .15
7.5.1 General.15
7.5.2 Light source .15
7.5.3 Photo detector .15
7.5.4 Additional equipment . .17
7.6 Chamber leakage .17
7.7 Cleaning materials .18
7.8 Ancillary equipment .18
7.8.1 Balance .18
7.8.2 Timing device .18
7.8.3 Linear measuring devices .18
7.8.4 Auxiliary heater .18
7.8.5 Protective equipment .18
7.8.6 Recorder .18
7.8.7 Water-circulating device .18
8 Test environment .18
9 Setting-up and calibration procedures .19
9.1 General .19
9.2 Alignment of photometric system .19
9.2.1 General.19
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2017
ISO 5659-2:2017(E)

9.2.2 Beam collimation .19
9.2.3 Beam focusing .19
9.3 Selection of compensating filter(s) .19
9.4 Linearity check .20
9.5 Calibration of range-extension filter .20
9.6 Chamber leakage rate test .21
9.7 Burner calibration .21
9.8 Radiator cone calibration.21
9.9 Cleaning .22
9.10 Frequency of checking and calibrating procedure .22
10 Test procedure .22
10.1 General .22
10.2 Preparation of test chamber .22
10.3 Tests with pilot flame .23
10.4 Preparation of the photometric system .23
10.5 Loading the specimen .23
10.6 Recording of light transmission .23
10.7 Observations .24
10.8 Termination of test .24
10.9 Testing in different modes .25
11 Expression of results .25
11.1 Specific optical density, D .25
s
11.2 Clear-beam correction factor, D .26
c
12 Precision .26
13 Test report .26
Annex A (normative) Calibration of heat flux meter .28
Annex B (informative) Variability in the specific optical density of smoke measured in the
single-chamber test .29
Annex C (informative) Determination of mass optical density .31
Annex D (informative) Precision data from tests on intumescent materials .36
Annex E (informative) Guidance on optical density testing .38
Annex F (informative) Specific sample preparation .46
Bibliography .49
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2017
ISO 5659-2:2017(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 4, Burning
behaviour.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 5659-2:2012), which has been technically
revised. It details several technical points for sampling (essentially Annex F) and harmonizes sample
preparation with other standards like ISO 5660-1.
A list of all parts in the ISO 5659 series can be found on the ISO website.
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved v

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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2017
ISO 5659-2:2017(E)

Introduction
Fire is a complex phenomenon; its development and effects depend upon a number of interrelated
factors. The behaviour of materials and products depends upon the characteristics of the fire, the
method of use of the materials and the environment in which they are exposed to (see also ISO/TS 3814
and ISO 13943).
A test such as is specified in this document deals only with a simple representation of a particular
aspect of the potential fire situation, typified by a radiant heat source, and it cannot alone provide any
direct guidance on behaviour or safety in fire. A test of this type may, however, be used for comparative
purposes or to ensure the existence of a certain quality of performance (in this case, smoke production)
considered to have a bearing on fire behaviour generally. It would be wrong to attach any other meaning
to results from this test.
The term “smoke” is defined in ISO 13943 as a visible suspension of solid and/or liquid particles in gases
resulting from incomplete combustion. It is one of the first response characteristics to be manifested
and should almost always be taken into account in any assessment of fire hazard as it represents one of
the greatest threats to occupants of a building or other enclosure, such as a ship or train, on fire.
The responsibility for the preparation of ISO 5659 was transferred during 1987 from ISO/TC 92 to
ISO/TC 61 on the understanding that the scope and applicability of the standard for the testing of
materials should not be restricted to plastics but should also be relevant to other materials where
possible, including building materials.
vi © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2017
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5659-2:2017(E)
Plastics — Smoke generation —
Part 2:
Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test
1 Scope
This document specifies a method of measuring smoke production from the exposed surface of
specimens of materials or composites. It is applicable to specimens that have an essentially flat surface
and do not exceed 25 mm in thickness when placed in a horizontal orientation and subjected to specified
levels of thermal irradiance in a closed cabinet with or without the application of a pilot flame. This
method of test is applicable to all plastics.
It is intended that the values of optical density determined by this test be taken as specific to the
specimen or assembly material in the form and thickness tested and are not to be considered inherent,
fundamental properties.
The test is intended primarily for use in research and development and fire safety engineering in
buildings, trains, ships, etc. and not as a basis for ratings for building codes or other purposes. No basis
is provided for predicting the density of smoke that can be generated by the materials upon exposure
to heat and flame under other (actual) exposure conditions. This test procedure excludes the effect of
irritants on the eye.
NOTE This test procedure addresses the loss of visibility due to smoke density, which generally is not related
to irritancy potency (see Annex E).
It is emphasized that smoke production from a material varies according to the irradiance level to
which the specimen is exposed. The results yielded from the method specified in this document are
2 2
based on exposure to the specific irradiance levels of 25 kW/m and 50 kW/m .
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
ISO 14934-3, Fire tests — Calibration and use of heat flux meters — Part 3: Secondary calibration method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 1

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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2017
ISO 5659-2:2017(E)

3.1
assembly
fabrication of materials (3.6) and/or composites (3.2)
Note 1 to entry: Sandwich panels are an example of an assembly.
Note 2 to entry: The assembly may include an air gap.
3.2
composite
combination of materials (3.6) which are generally recognized in building construction as discrete
entities
Note 1 to entry: Coated or laminated materials are examples of composites.
3.3
essentially flat surface
surface which does not deviate from a plane by more than 1 mm
3.4
exposed surface
surface of the product
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2016
01-april-2016
3ROLPHUQLPDWHULDOL1DVWDMDQMHGLPDGHO'RORþDQMHRSWLþQHJRVWRWHV
SUHVNXVRPYHQLSUHVNXVQLNRPRUL,62',6
Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-
chamber test (ISO/DIS 5659-2:2016)
Kunststoffe - Rauchentwicklung - Teil 2: Bestimmung der optischen Dichte durch
Einkammerprüfung (ISO/DIS 5659-2:2016)
Plastiques - Production de fumée - Partie 2: Détermination de la densité optique par un
essai en enceinte unique (ISO/DIS 5659-2:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 5659-2
ICS:
13.220.40 Sposobnost vžiga in Ignitability and burning
obnašanje materialov in behaviour of materials and
proizvodov pri gorenju products
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2016 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2016

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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2016
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 5659-2
ISO/TC 61/SC 4 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2016-01-28 2016-04-28
Plastics — Smoke generation —
Part 2:
Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test
Plastiques — Production de fumée —
Partie 2: Détermination de la densité optique par un essai en enceinte unique
ICS: 83.080.01; 13.220.40
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
This draft has been developed within the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO), and processed under the ISO lead mode of collaboration
as defined in the Vienna Agreement.
This draft is hereby submitted to the ISO member bodies and to the CEN member
bodies for a parallel five month enquiry.
Should this draft be accepted, a final draft, established on the basis of comments
received, will be submitted to a parallel two-month approval vote in ISO and
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
formal vote in CEN.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
committee secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
composition will be undertaken at publication stage.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 5659-2:2015(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2015

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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2016
ISO/DIS 5659-2:2015(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2016
ISO/DIS 5659-2:201X(E)
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principles of the test . 3
5 Suitability of a material or product for testing . 3
5.1 Material or product geometry . 3
5.2 Surface characteristics . 3
5.3 Asymmetrical products . 4
6 Specimen construction and preparation . 4
6.1 Number of specimens . 4
6.2 Size of specimens . 4
6.3 Specimen preparation . 4
6.4 Conditioning . 5
6.5 Wrapping of specimens . 5
7 Apparatus and ancillary equipment . 6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Test chamber . 6
7.2.1 Construction . 6
7.2.2 Chamber pressure control facilities . 7
7.2.3 Chamber wall temperature . 10
7.3 Specimen support and heating arrangements . 11
7.3.1 Radiator cone . 11
7.3.2 Framework for support of the radiator cone, specimen holder and heat flux meter . 11
7.3.3 Radiator shield . 14
7.3.4 Heat flux meter . 14
7.3.5 Specimen holder . 15
7.3.6 Pilot burner . 15
7.4 Gas supply. 16
7.5 Photometric system . 16
7.5.1 General . 16
7.5.2 Light source . 16
7.5.3 Photo detector . 16
7.5.4 Additional equipment . 18
7.6 Chamber leakage . 18
7.7 Cleaning materials . 18
7.8 Ancillary equipment . 19
7.8.1 Balance . 19
7.8.2 Timing device . 19
7.8.3 Linear measuring devices . 19
7.8.4 Auxiliary heater . 19
7.8.5 Protective equipment . 19
7.8.6 Recorder . 19
7.8.7 Water-circulating device . 19
8 Test environment . 19
9 Setting-up and calibration procedures . 20
9.1 General . 20
9.2 Alignment of photometric system . 20
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9.2.1 General .20
9.2.2 Beam collimation . 20
9.2.3 Beam focusing .20
9.3 Selection of compensating filter(s) . 21
9.4 Linearity check . 21
9.5 Calibration of range-extension filter . 21
9.6 Chamber leakage rate test . 22
9.7 Burner calibration . 22
9.8 Radiator cone calibration . 22
9.9 Cleaning .23
9.10 Frequency of checking and calibrating procedure . 23
10 Test procedure . 23
10.1 General .23
10.2 Preparation of test chamber . 24
10.3 Tests with pilot flame . 24
10.4 Preparation of the photometric system. 24
10.5 Loading the specimen . 24
10.6 Recording of light transmission . 24
10.7 Observations .25
10.8 Termination of test . 25
10.9 Testing in different modes . 26
11 Expression of results . 27
11.1 Specific optical density D . 27
s
11.2 Clear-beam correction factor D . 27
c
12 Precision .28
13 Test report .28
Annex A (normative) Calibration of heat flux meter . 29
Annex B (informative) Variability in the specific optical density of smoke measured in the
single-chamber test . 30
Annex C (informative) Determination of mass optical density . 32
C.1 Scope .32
C.2 Principles of the test . 32
C.3 Test specimens . 32
C.4 Ancillary equipment . 32
C.5 Calibration procedure. 35
C.6 Test procedure . 35
C.6.1 Preparation of test chamber . 35
C.6.2 Loading the specimen . 35
C.6.3 Recording of light transmission and mass loss . 36
C.6.4 Termination of test . 36
C.6.5 Repeat tests .36
C.7 Expression of results . 36
C.8 Test report .37
Annex D (informative) Precision data from tests on intumescent materials . 38
D.1 Background . 38
D.2 Specimens .38
D.3 Participating laboratories . 38
D.4 Test method .38
D.5 Test results . 39
Annex E (informative) Guidance on optical density testing . 40
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E.1 Introduction . 40
E.2 Objective . 42
E.3 Optical density measurements . 43
E.3.1 Principles . 43
E.3.2 Calculation methods . 43
E.4 Factors affecting smoke production . 46
E.4.1 General . 46
E.4.2 Mode of decomposition . 46
E.4.3 Ventilation and burning environment . 46
E.4.4 Time and temperature . 47
E.4.5 Removal mechanisms for smoke particles . 47
E.5 Applicability of results . 47
Annex F (Informative) Specific sample preparation . 48
F.1 General . 48
F.2 Composite specimens . 48
F.3 Paint / coating . 48
F.4 Curved-shaped products . 49
F.4.1 Flexible materials . 49
F.4.2 Rigid materials . 49
F.5 Materials that require testing under compression . 49
F.6 Liquids . 50
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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2016
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 5659-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 4, Burning
behaviour.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 5659-2:2012), which has been technically
revised.
—
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Introduction
Fire is a complex phenomenon: its development and effects depend upon a number of interrelated
factors. The behaviour of materials and products depends upon the characteristics of the fire, the
[1]
method of use of the materials and the environment in which they are exposed (see also ISO/TR 3814
and ISO 13943).
A test such as is specified in this part of ISO 5659 deals only with a simple representation of a particular
aspect of the potential fire situation, typified by a radiant heat source, and it cannot alone provide any
direct guidance on behaviour or safety in fire. A test of this type may, however, be used for comparative
purposes or to ensure the existence of a certain quality of performance (in this case, smoke production)
considered to have a bearing on fire behaviour generally. It would be wrong to attach any other meaning
to results from this test.
The term “smoke” is defined in ISO 13943 as a visible suspension of solid and/or liquid particles in gases
resulting from incomplete combustion. It is one of the first response characteristics to be manifested and
should almost always be taken into account in any assessment of fire hazard as it represents one of the
greatest threats to occupants of a building or other enclosure, such as a ship or train, on fire.
The responsibility for the preparation of ISO 5659 was transferred during 1987 from ISO/TC 92 to
ISO/TC 61 on the understanding that the scope and applicability of the standard for the testing of
materials should not be restricted to plastics but should also be relevant to other materials where
possible, including building materials.
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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2016
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 5659-2:201X(E)
Plastics — Smoke generation — Part 2: Determination of optical
density by a single-chamber test
1 Scope
1.1 This part of ISO 5659 specifies a method of measuring smoke production from the exposed
surface of specimens of materials or composites. It is applicable to specimens that have an
essentially flat surface and do not exceed 25 mm in thickness when placed in a horizontal
orientation and subjected to specified levels of thermal irradiance in a closed cabinet with or without
the application of a pilot flame. This method of test is applicable to all plastics.
1.2 It is intended that the values of optical density determined by this test be taken as specific to
the specimen or assembly material in the form and thickness tested, and are not to be considered
inherent, fundamental properties.
1.3 The test is intended primarily for use in research and development and fire safety engineering
in buildings, trains, ships, etc. and not as a basis for ratings for building codes or other purposes. No
basis is provided for predicting the density of smoke that might be generated by the materials upon
exposure to heat and flame under other (actual) exposure conditions. This test procedure excludes
the effect of irritants on the eye.
NOTE This test procedure addresses the loss of visibility due to smoke density, which generally is not
related to irritancy potency (see Annex E).
1.4 It is emphasized that smoke production from a material varies according to the irradiance level
to which the specimen is exposed. The results yielded from the method specified in this part of ISO
2 2
5659 are based on exposure to the specific irradiance levels of 25 kW/m and 50 kW/m .
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
ISO 14934-3, Fire tests — Calibration and use of heat flux meters — Part 3: Secondary calibration
method
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 and the following
apply.
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3.1
assembly
fabrication of materials and/or composites
NOTE 1 Sandwich panels are an example of an assembly.
NOTE 2 The assembly may include an air gap.
3.2
composite
combination of materials which are generally recognized in building construction as discrete entities
NOTE Coated or laminated materials are examples of composites.
3.3
essentially flat surface
surface which does not deviate from a plane by more than 1 mm
3.4
exposed surface
surface of the product subjected to the heating conditions of the test
3.5
irradiance
radiant flux incident on an infinitesimal element of the surface containing the point divided by the
area of that element
3.6
material
basic single substance or uniformly dispersed mixture
NOTE Metal, stone, timber, concrete, mineral fibre and polymers are examples.
3.7
mass optical density
MOD
measure of the degree of opacity of smoke in terms of the mass loss of the material
3.8
optical density of smoke
D
measure of the degree of opacity of smoke, taken as the negative common logarithm of the relative
transmission of light
3.9
product
material, composite or assembly about which information is required
3.10
specific optical density
D
s
optical density multiplied by a factor which is calculated by dividing the volume of the test chamber
by the product of the exposed area of the specimen and the path length of the light beam
NOTE See 11.1.1.
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3.11
specimen
representative piece of the product to be tested together with any substrate or surface coating.
NOTE The specimen may include an air gap.
3.12
intumescent material
dimensionally unstable material, developing a carbonaceous expanded structure of thickness > 10
mm during the test, with the cone heater 25 mm from the specimen
4 Principles of the test
Specimens of the product are mounted horizontally within a chamber and exposed to thermal
2
radiation on their upper surfaces at selected levels of constant irradiance up to 50 kW/m .
The smoke evolved is collected in the chamber, which also contains photometric equipment. The
attenuation of a light beam passing through the smoke is measured. The results are reported in
terms of specific optical density.
5 Suitability of a material or product for testing
5.1 Material or product geometry
5.1.1 The method is applicable to essentially flat materials, products, composites or assemblies
not exceeding 25 mm in thickness.
5.1.2 The method is sensitive to small variations in geometry, surface orientation, thickness (either
overall or of the individual layers), mass and composition of the material, and so the results obtained
by this method only apply to the thickness of the material or product as tested.
5.1.3 It is not possible to calculate the specific optical density of one thickness of a material or
product from the specific optical density of another thickness of the material or product.
5.2 Surface characteristics
A material or product having one of the following properties is suitable for testing:
a) an essentially flat exposed surface;
b) a surface irregularity which is evenly distributed over the exposed surface provided that
1) at least 50 % of the surface of a representative 100 mm² area lies within a depth of 10 mm
from a plane taken across the highest points on the exposed surface or
2) for surfaces containing cracks, fissures, or holes not exceeding 8 mm in width or 10 mm in
depth, the total area of such cracks, fissures, or holes at the surface does not exceed 30 %
of a representative 100 mm² area of the exposed surface.
When an exposed surface does not meet the requirements of either 5.2 a) or 5.2 b), the material or
product shall be tested in a modified form complying as close as possible with the requirements
given in 5.2. The test rep
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