SIST EN ISO 22475-1:2007

Geotechnical investigation and testing - Sampling methods and groundwater measurements - Part 1: Technical principles for execution (ISO 22475-1:2006)

This part of ISO 22475 deals with the technical principles of sampling of soil, rock and groundwater, and with groundwater measurements, in the context of geotechnical investigation and testing, as described in EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2. The aims of such ground investigations are: a) to recover soil and rock samples of a quality sufficient to assess the general suitability of a site for geotechnical engineering purposes and to determine the required soil and rock characteristics in the laboratory; b) to obtain information on the sequence, thickness and orientation of strata and joint system and faults; c) to establish the type, composition and condition of strata; d) to obtain information on groundwater conditions and recover water samples for assessment of the interaction of groundwater, soil, rock and construction material. The quality of a sample is influenced by the geological and hydrogeological conditions, the choice and execution of the drilling and/or the sampling method, handling, transport and storage of the samples. This part of ISO 22475 does not cover soil sampling for the purposes of agricultural and environmental soil investigation. NOTE 1 Soil sampling for these purposes is to be found in ISO 10381. Water sampling for the purposes of quality control, quality characterisation, and identification of sources of pollution of water, including bottom deposits and sludges is not covered.

Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Probenentnahmeverfahren und Grundwassermessungen - Teil 1: Technische Grundlagen der Ausführung (ISO 22475-1:2006)

Dieser Teil von ISO 22475 legt die technischen Grundlagen für die Entnahme von Proben von Boden, Fels und Grundwasser und Grundwassermessungen im Rahmen geotechnischer Erkundungen und Prüfungen nach EN 1997 1 und EN 1997 2 fest.
Diese Erkundungen dienen:
a)   der Gewinnung von Boden- und Felsproben in einer Qualität, die es erlaubt, die allgemeine Eignung des Baugrundes für geotechnische Zwecke zu beurteilen und die geforderten boden- und felsmechanischen Eigenschaften im Labor zu bestimmen;
b)   der Feststellung von Folge, Dicke und räumlicher Lage der einzelnen Schichten, der Kluftsysteme und Störungen;
c)   der Feststellung von Art, Zusammensetzung und Zustand der einzelnen Schichten;
d)   der Feststellung der Grundwasserverhältnisse im Baugrund, Entnahme von Wasserproben für die Beurteilung der Wechselwirkung zwischen Grundwasser, Boden, Fels und Baustoffen.
Der Qualität einer Probe wird von den geologischen und hydrogeologischen Verhältnissen, von der Wahl des Bohrverfahrens und/oder des Probenentnahmeverfahrens sowie deren Ausführung und von der Handhabung, vom Transport und von der Lagerung der Proben beeinflusst.
Dieser Teil von ISO 22475 gilt nicht für Gewinnung von Bodenproben für landwirtschaftliche und umwelt¬bezogene Bodenuntersuchungen.
ANMERKUNG 1   Die Gewinnung von Bodenproben für diese Zwecke  wird in der Norm ISO 10381 behandelt.
Die Norm gilt auch nicht für die Gewinnung von Wasserproben zur Kontrolle der Eignung, Beschaffenheit und Erkennung von Wasserverunreinigungsquellen, einschließlich Ablagerung von Schlämmen.
ANMERKUNG 2   Die Gewinnung von Bodenproben für diese Zwecke  wird in der Norm ISO 5667 behandelt.

Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Méthodes de prélevement et mesurages piézométriques - Partie 1: Principes techniques des travaux (ISO 22475-1:2006)

Le présent document traite des principes de reconnaissance du sol, de la roche et de l'eau interstitielle en tant que terrain du sous-sol et matériaux de construction dans le cadre des reconnaissances géotechniques conformément au prEN 1997. Il définit les concepts et spécifie les exigences relatives au prélevement par forage ou excavation et aux mesurages piézométriques.
Ces reconnaissances ont pour objectifs de :
prélever des échantillons de sol et de roche d'une qualité suffisante pour évaluer l'aptitude générale d'un site a des fins d'ingénierie géotechnique et pour déterminer les caractéristiques requises du sol et de la roche en laboratoire ;
obtenir des informations relatives a la succession, a l'épaisseur et a l'orientation du systeme de couches, de diaclases et de failles ;
établir le type, la composition et la nature des couches ;
obtenir des informations sur l'état de l'eau interstitielle et prélever des échantillons d'eau en vue d'évaluer l'interaction entre l'eau interstitielle, le sol, la roche et le matériau de construction.
La qualité d'un échantillon est influencée par les conditions géologiques et hydrogéologiques, par la méthode de prélevement, par le personnel prélevant l'échantillon et par l'appareillage de prélevement.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas au prélevement de sol en vue d'une reconnaissance agricole et environnementale.
NOTE   Le prélevement du sol a ces fins est donné dans la série ISO 10381.
Le prélevement de l'eau a des fins de contrôle qualité, de caractérisation de la qualité et d'identification des sources de pollution de l'eau, y compris les sédiments et les boues, n'est pas couvert par ce document.
NOTE   Le prélevement de l'eau a ces fins est donné dans la série ISO 5667.

Geotehnično preiskovanje in preskušanje – Metode vzorčenja in merjenje podzemne vode – 1.del: Tehnična načela za izvedbo del (ISO 22475-1:2006)

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 17-Apr-2007
• Withdrawal Date: 14-Feb-2022
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: KON - Structures
• Current Stage: 9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 31-Jan-2022
• Due Date: 23-Feb-2022
• Completion Date: 15-Feb-2022
• Ref Project: EN ISO 22475-1:2006 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Sampling methods and groundwater measurements - Part 1: Technical principles for execution (ISO 22475-1:2006)

Relations

• Replaced By: SIST EN ISO 22475-1:2022 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Sampling methods and groundwater measurements - Part 1: Technical principles for the sampling of soil, rock and groundwater (ISO 22475-1:2021)
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2022
• Replaced By: SIST EN ISO 22475-1:2022 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Sampling methods and groundwater measurements - Part 1: Technical principles for the sampling of soil, rock and groundwater (ISO 22475-1:2021)
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 22475-1:2007
01-julij-2007
*HRWHKQLþQRSUHLVNRYDQMHLQSUHVNXãDQMH±0HWRGHY]RUþHQMDLQPHUMHQMH
SRG]HPQHYRGH±GHO7HKQLþQDQDþHOD]DL]YHGERGHO,62
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Sampling methods and groundwater
measurements - Part 1: Technical principles for execution (ISO 22475-1:2006)
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Probenentnahmeverfahren und
Grundwassermessungen - Teil 1: Technische Grundlagen der Ausführung (ISO 22475-
1:2006)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Méthodes de prélevement et mesurages
piézométriques - Partie 1: Principes techniques des travaux (ISO 22475-1:2006)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22475-1:2006
ICS:
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
SIST EN ISO 22475-1:2007 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 22475-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2006
ICS 93.020

English Version
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Sampling methods and
groundwater measurements - Part 1: Technical principles for
execution (ISO 22475-1:2006)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Méthodes de Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung -
prélèvement et mesurages piézométriques - Partie 1: Probenentnahmeverfahren und Grundwassermessungen -
Principes techniques des travaux (ISO 22475-1:2006) Teil 1: Technische Grundlagen der Ausführung (ISO 22475-
1:2006)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 December 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22475-1:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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EN ISO 22475-1:2006 (E)





Foreword


This document (EN ISO 22475-1:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC
341 "Geotechnical Investigation and Testing", the secretariat of which is held by ELOT, in
collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 182 "Geotechnics".

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2007, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2007.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.


2

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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22475-1
First edition
2006-09-15


Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Sampling methods and groundwater
measurements —
Part 1:
Technical principles for execution
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Méthodes de prélèvement
et mesurages piézométriques —
Partie 1: Principes techniques des travaux





Reference number
ISO 22475-1:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006

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ISO 22475-1:2006(E)
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ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

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ISO 22475-1:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. vii
Introduction . viii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
3.1 Site investigation methods . 2
3.2 Drilling rigs and equipment . 3
3.3 Sampling. 3
3.4 Groundwater measurements . 8
4 Drilling rigs and ancillary equipment. 10
4.1 General. 10
4.2 Requirements for the drilling rigs and equipment . 10
4.3 Equipment scope. 10
5 General requirements prior to sampling and groundwater measurements . 11
5.1 General. 11
5.2 Selection of techniques and methods. 11
5.3 Requirements for ground investigation sites and points. 11
5.4 Preliminary information needed before starting sampling and groundwater
measurements. 12
5.5 Backfilling and site abandonment . 13
5.6 Safety and special requirements. 13
6 Soil sampling methods. 13
6.1 General. 13
6.2 Categories of soil sampling methods. 13
6.3 Sampling by drilling (continuous sampling). 14
6.4 Sampling using samplers . 20
6.5 Block sampling . 27
7 Rock sampling methods . 29
7.1 General. 29
7.2 Categories for rock sampling methods.29
7.3 Sampling by drilling. 32
7.4 Block sampling . 33
7.5 Integral sampling . 33
8 Groundwater sampling methods for geotechnical purposes . 33
8.1 General. 33
8.2 Equipment . 34
8.3 Techniques of groundwater sampling.34
9 Groundwater measuring stations and piezometers. 35
9.1 General. 35
9.2 Piezometers. 36
9.3 Installation of piezometers . 40
9.4 Maintenance . 43
9.5 Decommissioning. 44
10 Groundwater measurements . 44
10.1 Calibration . 44
10.2 Performance of the measurements. 44
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ISO 22475-1:2006(E)
11 Handling, transport and storage of samples. 45
11.1 General . 45
11.2 Preservation materials and sample containers . 46
11.3 Handling of samples . 46
11.4 Labelling of samples. 47
11.5 Transport of samples. 47
11.6 Preparation of storage and shipping containers. 49
11.7 Storage of samples . 50
12 Report. 50
12.1 Field report. 50
12.2 Report of the results . 56
Annex A (informative) Example of a form for the preliminary information on the intended
sampling and groundwater measurements. 58
Annex B (informative) Field reports. 60
Annex C (informative) Drilling and sampling equipment for soil and rock . 69
Annex D (informative) Vacuum bottles for groundwater sampling. 115
Annex E (informative) Protective measures of piezometers. 117
Bibliography . 119

Figures
Figure 1 — Definitions of the diameters D , D , D and D . 5
1 2 3 4
Figure 2 — Application of fracture state terms for rock cores. 6
Figure 3 — Lengths of core run and sample. 7
Figure 4 — Examples of open-tube samplers (OS) for recovering samples from boreholes . 24
Figure 5 — Schematic thin-walled stationary piston sampler (PS) for sampling from borehole
bottom . 26
Figure 6 — Examples of open systems . 36
Figure 7 — Examples of closed systems . 38
Figure 8 — Closed system with filter pack and sealing in a borehole . 42
Figure 9 — Examples of sealing and securing samples. 48
Figure 10 — Example of the configuration of an open groundwater measuring system. 55
Figure C.1 — Drill rods and casing . 69
Figure C.2 — Drill rods taper threaded “Y” series. 72
Figure C.3 — Drill rods taper threaded “J” series. 72
Figure C.4 — Corebarrels “metric” series, according to ISO 3552-1. 77
Figure C.5 — Corebarrels “W” series, according to ISO 3551-1 . 79
Figure C.6 — Corebarrels “W” series, according to ISO 3551-1 . 80
Figure C.7 —Wireline corebarrel assembly. 81
Figure C.8 — Geotechnical wireline corebarrel (inner and outer tube assembly) . 83
Figure C.9 — Water-well casing with flush butt joints, according to BS 879 . 85
Figure C.10 — Water-well casing with screwed and socketed joints, according to BS 879 . 85
Figure C.11 — Three-cone milled tooth rock bit . 88
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ISO 22475-1:2006(E)
Figure C.12 — Tungsten carbide button bit. 88
Figure C.13 — Typical corebarrel lifters. 90
Figure C.14 — Typical sampler retainers . 91
Figure C.15 — Thin wall sampler (Shelby tube) . 92
Figure C.16 — Hydraulic piston sampler. 93
Figure C.17 — Stationary piston sampler with a 50-mm diameter liner — Sampling category A. 94
Figure C.18 — Stationary piston sampler with a 50-mm liner — Parts . 96
Figure C.19 — Stationary piston sampler with a 50-mm diameter liner — Sampling categories A
and B . 97
Figure C.20 — U100 Sampler. 98
Figure C.21 — Standard penetration test (SPT) samplers. 99
Figure C.22 — Typical automatic trip hammer . 100
Figure C.23 — Window and windowless samplers . 101
Figure C.24 — Clay cutter and shell (bailer) . 102
Figure C.25 — Sectional shell . 103
Figure C.26 — Chisels and stubber . 104
Figure C.27 — Continuous flight auger . 105
Figure C.28 — Augers with diameters between 36 mm and 100 mm — Sampling category C . 106
Figure C.29 — Hollow stem auger. 107
Figure C.30 — Examples of sampling from trial pits . 108
Figure C.31 — Recovering samples from trial pits — Example. 109
Figure C.32 — Example for a thin-walled open-tube sampler. 110
Figure C.33 — Example for a thick-walled open-tube sampler. 111
Figure C.34 — Example of sampling from borehole bottom using a large sampler (Sherbrooke
block sampler). 112
Figure C.35 — Method of sampling using a Laval sampler. 114
Figure D.1 — Equipment for vacuum bottle sampling. 116
Figure E.1 — Example of termination of an open piezometer above ground level. 117
Figure E.2 — Example of termination of an open piezometer below ground level. 118

Tables
Table 1 — Quality classes of soil samples for laboratory testing and sampling categories to be
used. 14
Table 2 — Sampling by drilling in soils. 16
Table 3 — Soil sampling using samplers. 21
Table 4 — Examples on sampling methods with respect to the sampling category in different
soils. 28
Table 5 — Soil sampling using samplers. 31
Table C.1 — Drill rods and casing “W”-series according to ISO 3551-1. 70
Table C.2 — Drill rods and casing “metric” series according to ISO 3552-1 . 71
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ISO 22475-1:2006(E)
Table C.3 — Drill rods taper threaded “Y” series . 72
Table C.4 — Drill rods taper threaded “J” series. 72
Table C.5 — Corebarrels “W” series, according to ISO 3551-1. 73
Table C.6 — Corebarrels “metric” series, according to ISO 3552-1 . 74
Table C.7 — Air flush corebarrels . 75
Table C.8 — Drill rods and casing. 76
Table C.9 — Corebarrels “metric” series, according to ISO 3552-1 . 78
Table C.10 —Wireline drill rod dimensions . 82
Table C.11 — Wireline corebarrel dimensions. 82
Table C.12 — Geotechnical wireline corebarrel drill pipe dimensions. 84
Table C.13 — Geotechnical wireline corebarrel dimensions. 84
Table C.14 — Dimensions of water-well casings with flush butt joints . 85
Table C.15 — Dimensions of water-well casings with screwed and socketed joints . 85
Table C.16 — Bit selection chart . 86
Table C.17 — Core bit profiles — Diamond set, impregnated, TC and PCD. 87
Table C.18 — Three-cone milled tooth rock bit. 88
Table C.19 — Tungsten carbide button bit. 89

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ISO 22475-1:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22475-1 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 341, Geotechnical investigation and testing, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 182,
Geotechnics, Subcommittee SC 1, Geotechnical investigation and testing, in accordance with the Agreement
on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
ISO 22475-1 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Sampling methods and groundwater measurements:
⎯ Part 1: Technical principles for execution
⎯ Part 2: Qualification criteria for enterprises and personnel
⎯ Part 3: Conformity assessment of enterprises and personnel by third party

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ISO 22475-1:2006(E)
Introduction
ISO 22475-1 specifies the technical principles for the execution of sampling and groundwater measurements
for geotechnical purposes.
The quality of these services can be proven by:
a) a declaration of conformity by a contractor (first party control);
b) a declaration of conformity by a client (second party control);
c) a declaration of conformity by a conformity assessment body (third party control).
Every enterprise or individual may decide, if and how they will prove the fulfilment of the technically related
criteria: by first, second or third party control because no part of ISO 22475 requires such a declaration.
ISO/TS 22475-2 specifies the qualification criteria for enterprises and personnel that perform sampling and
groundwater measurements according to ISO 22475-1.
The conformity assessment by third party control can be made according to the technical principles for
execution of sampling and groundwater measurements specified in ISO 22475-1, as indicated in
ISO/TS 22475-2, and in the conformity assessment procedure given in ISO/TS 22475-3.

viii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22475-1:2006(E)

Geotechnical investigation and testing — Sampling methods
and groundwater measurements —
Part 1:
Technical principles for execution
1 Scope
This part of ISO 22475 deals with the technical principles of sampling of soil, rock and groundwater, and with
groundwater measurements, in the context of geotechnical investigation and testing, as described in
EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2.
...