SIST EN ISO 12696:2022
(Main)Cathodic protection of steel in concrete (ISO 12696:2022)
Cathodic protection of steel in concrete (ISO 12696:2022)
This document specifies performance requirements for cathodic protection of steel in cement-based concrete, in both new and existing structures. It covers building and civil engineering structures, including carbon steel reinforcement and prestressed reinforcement embedded in the concrete. It is applicable to uncoated steel reinforcement and to organic-coated steel reinforcement. It is not applicable to reinforced concrete containing electrically conductive fibres (e.g. carbon or steel).
This document applies to steel embedded in atmospherically exposed, buried, immersed and tidal elements of buildings or structures.
This document is only applicable to the applications of cathodic protection to steel in concrete which are designed with the intention to, and can be demonstrated to, meet the criteria of protection specified in 8.6. This requires the provision of sufficient performance monitoring systems as specified in 6.3 to all parts of the structure intended to be protected, in order to assess the extent to which the criteria in 8.6 are met.
This document does not apply to galvanic anodes or systems applied into patch repairs to reduce the effects of ‘incipient anodes’. This document does also not apply to any form of cathodic protection systems or other electrochemical treatments that either cannot meet the requirements of 8.6 or are not provided with the performance monitoring systems (see 6.3) that are necessary to assess whether the criteria of protection specified in 8.6 are met.
NOTE 1 Annex A gives guidance on the principles of cathodic protection and its application to steel in concrete.
NOTE 2 This document, while not specifically intended to address cathodic protection of steel in any electrolyte except concrete, can be applied to cathodic protection of steel in other cementitious materials such as are found, for example, in early 20th century steel-framed masonry, brick and terracotta clad buildings. In such applications, additional considerations specific to these structures are required in respect of design, materials and installation of cathodic protection; however, the requirements of this document can be applied to these systems.
Kathodischer Korrosionsschutz von Stahl in Beton (ISO 12696:2022)
Dieses Dokument legt Leistungsanforderungen an den kathodischen Korrosionsschutz von Stahl in Beton auf Zementbasis sowohl in neuen als auch bestehenden Bauwerken fest. Es umfasst Gebäude und Ingenieurbauwerke, einschließlich in Beton eingebetteter nicht vorgespannter und vorgespannter Bewehrung aus Kohlenstoffstahl. Es ist anwendbar auf unbeschichteten und auf organisch beschichteten Bewehrungsstahl. Es ist nicht anzuwenden für bewehrten Beton, der elektrisch leitfähige Fasern (z. B. Kohlenstoff oder Stahl) enthält.
Dieses Dokument gilt für Stahl, der in Bauteile von Gebäuden oder Bauwerken eingebettet ist, die der Luft ausgesetzt, erdverlegt oder unter Wasser befindlich oder durch Gezeiten beeinflusst sind.
Dieses Dokument ist nur anzuwenden für die Anwendungen des kathodischen Korrosionsschutzes von Stahl in Beton, die mit dem Ziel der Einhaltung der in 8.6 festgelegten Korrosionsschutzkriterien entwickelt wurden und bei denen die Einhaltung dieser Kriterien nachgewiesen werden kann. Hierfür ist die Bereitstellung von ausreichenden Leistungsüberwachungssystemen, wie in 6.3 festgelegt, an allen Teilen des zu schützenden Bauwerks erforderlich, um den Grad, bis zu dem die in 8.6 festgelegten Kriterien erfüllt werden, beurteilen zu können.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anzuwenden für galvanische Anoden oder Systeme, die zur Minderung des „Anodeneinleitungseffekts“ in Ausbesserungen eingebracht werden. Dieses Dokument ist auch nicht anzuwenden für alle Formen von kathodischen Korrosionsschutzsystemen oder sonstigen elektrochemischen Behandlungen, die entweder die Anforderungen nach 8.6 nicht erfüllen können oder nicht mit den Leistungsüberwachungssystemen ausgestattet sind (siehe 6.3), die zur Beurteilung, ob die in 8.6 festgelegten Schutzkriterien erfüllt werden, notwendig sind.
ANMERKUNG 1 Anhang A enthält Leitlinien zu den Grundsätzen des kathodischen Korrosionsschutzes und dessen Anwendung auf Stahl in Beton.
ANMERKUNG 2 Dieses Dokument, das zwar nicht speziell für den kathodischen Schutz von Stahl in irgendeinem Elektrolyten, ausgenommen Beton, vorgesehen ist, kann für den kathodischen Schutz von Stahl in anderen zementartigen Werkstoffen, wie sie z. B. bei in Stahlrahmen eingesetztem Mauerwerk, Bausteinen und mit Terrakotta verkleideten Bauwerken aus dem frühen 20. Jahrhundert zu finden sind, angewendet werden. Bei derartigen Anwendungen sind zusätzliche Überlegungen für diese Bauwerke hinsichtlich Ausführung, Werkstoffen und Einbau des kathodischen Schutzes erforderlich; die Anforderungen des vorliegenden Dokumentes können jedoch auf diese Systeme angewendet werden.
Protection cathodique de l’acier dans le béton (ISO 12696:2022)
Le présent document spécifie les exigences de performance pour la protection cathodique de l’acier dans le béton à base de ciment, pour les structures nouvelles comme pour les structures existantes. Il traite des bâtiments et des ouvrages d’art, y compris les armatures et les précontraintes en acier au carbone noyées dans le béton. Il s’applique aux armatures en acier non revêtu et aux armatures en acier recouvert par un revêtement organique. Il ne s’applique pas au béton renforcé comportant des fibres conductrices d’électricité (par exemple, le carbone ou l’acier).
Le présent document s’applique à l’acier noyé dans des éléments de bâtiments ou de structures qui sont exposés à l’atmosphère, enterrés, immergés ou soumis à la marée.
Le présent document s’applique uniquement aux applications de protection cathodique de l’acier dans le béton qui sont conçues dans l’intention de répondre aux critères de protection spécifiés en 8.6 et dont il peut être démontré qu’elles y répondent. Cela requiert la mise en place de systèmes de surveillance de la performance suffisants, tels que spécifiés en 6.3, pour toutes les parties de la structure destinées à être protégées, afin d’évaluer dans quelle mesure les critères en 8.6 sont satisfaits.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux anodes galvaniques ou ensembles appliqués dans les réparations ragréées pour réduire les effets d’« anodes induites ». Le présent document ne s’applique également pas à toutes formes d’installations de protection cathodique ou d’autres traitements électrochimiques qui soit ne peuvent pas répondre aux exigences de 8.6, soit ne sont pas équipées des systèmes de surveillance de la performance (voir 6.3) nécessaires pour évaluer si les critères de protection spécifiés en 8.6 sont satisfaits.
NOTE 1 L’Annexe A fournit des recommandations relatives aux principes de la protection cathodique et à son application à l’acier dans le béton.
NOTE 2 Bien qu’il ne soit pas spécifiquement destiné à traiter de la protection cathodique de l’acier dans n’importe quel autre électrolyte que le béton, le présent document peut s’appliquer à la protection cathodique de l’acier dans d’autres matériaux à base de ciment tels que ceux rencontrés, par exemple, dans les bâtiments à charpente d’acier du début du XXe siècle à parement de maçonnerie, de brique et de terre cuite. Dans de telles applications, des considérations supplémentaires spécifiques à ces structures sont à prendre en compte en ce qui concerne la conception, les matériaux et la mise en place de la protection cathodique ; cependant, les exigences du présent document peuvent être appliquées à ces systèmes.
Katodna zaščita jekla v betonu (ISO 12696:2022)
Ta dokument določa zahteve glede učinkovitosti za katodno zaščito jekla v betonu na osnovi cementa v novih in obstoječih objektih. Zajema stavbe in gradbene inženirske objekte, vključno z armaturo iz ogljikovega jekla in prednapeto armaturo v betonu. Uporablja se za neprevlečeno jekleno armaturo in organsko prevlečeno jekleno armaturo. Ne uporablja se za armirani beton, ki vsebuje električno prevodna vlakna (npr. ogljikova ali jeklena). Ta dokument se uporablja za jeklo v ozračju izpostavljenih, zakopanih, potopljenih in plimnih elementih stavb ali zgradb. Ta dokument se uporablja samo za aplikacije katodne zaščite za jeklo v betonu, ki so namensko zasnovane za izpolnjevanje meril za zaščito, določenih v točki 8.6, kar je mogoče tudi dokazati. Za ta namen je treba zagotoviti ustrezne sisteme za spremljanje delovanja, kot so določeni v točki 6.3, in sicer za vse dele konstrukcije, ki morajo biti zaščiteni, da se oceni obseg, v katerem so izpolnjena merila iz točke 8.6. Ta dokument se ne uporablja za galvanske anode ali sisteme, ki se uporabljajo pri lokalnih popravilih za zmanjšanje učinka »začetnih anod«. Ta dokument se prav tako ne uporablja za sisteme katodne zaščite v kakršni koli obliki ali druge elektrokemične obdelave, ki bodisi ne morejo izpolnjevati zahtev iz točke 8.6 ali se ne zagotavljajo skupaj s sistemi za spremljanje delovanja (glej točko 6.3), ki so potrebni za ocenjevanje, ali so izpolnjena merila za zaščito, določena v točki 8.6. OPOMBA 1: Dodatek A podaja smernice o načelih katodne zaščite in njeni uporabi za jeklo v betonu. OPOMBA 2: Ta dokument, ki sicer ne obravnava posebej katodne zaščite jekla v katerem koli elektrolitu razen betona, se lahko uporablja za katodno zaščito jekla v drugih cementnih materialih, ki so lahko prisotni na primer v stavbah iz zgodnjega 20. stoletja, izdelanih iz zidakov z jeklenim ogrodjem, opek in terakote. Pri takih vrstah uporabe so potrebni dodatni premisleki, posebej namenjeni tem strukturam, v zvezi z načrtovanjem, materiali in namestitvijo katodne zaščite, vendar se lahko zahteve iz tega dokumenta uporabljajo za te sisteme.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 12696:2017
Katodna zaščita jekla v betonu (ISO 12696:2022)
Cathodic protection of steel in concrete (ISO 12696:2022)
Kathodischer Korrosionsschutz von Stahl in Beton (ISO 12696:2022)
Protection cathodique de l’acier dans le béton (ISO 12696:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12696:2022
ICS:
77.060 Korozija kovin Corrosion of metals
77.140.15 Jekla za armiranje betona Steels for reinforcement of
concrete
91.080.40 Betonske konstrukcije Concrete structures
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 12696
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
May 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 77.060; 77.140.15 Supersedes EN ISO 12696:2016
English Version
Cathodic protection of steel in concrete (ISO 12696:2022)
Protection cathodique de l'acier dans le béton (ISO Kathodischer Korrosionsschutz von Stahl in Beton (ISO
12696:2022) 12696:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 May 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 12696:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 12696:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 156
"Corrosion of metals and alloys" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 219 “Cathodic
protection” the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2022, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 12696:2016.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 12696:2022 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 12696:2022 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12696
Third edition
2022-05
Cathodic protection of steel in
concrete
Protection cathodique de l'acier dans le béton
Reference number
ISO 12696:2022(E)
ISO 12696:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 12696:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 General . 3
4.1 Quality management . 3
4.2 Persons . 3
4.3 Design . 3
5 Structure assessment and repair . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Records . 4
5.3 Visual inspection and delamination survey . 4
5.4 Chloride analysis . 4
5.5 Carbonation depth measurement . 4
5.6 Concrete cover and reinforcement location . 5
5.7 Reinforcement electrical continuity. 5
5.8 Steel/concrete potential . 5
5.9 Concrete electrical resistivity . 5
5.10 Repair. 6
5.10.1 General . 6
5.10.2 Concrete removal . 6
5.10.3 Reinforcement preparation . 6
5.10.4 Concrete reinstatement . 6
5.11 Cementitious overlay . 7
5.12 New structures . 7
6 Cathodic protection system components . 8
6.1 General . 8
6.2 Anode systems . 8
6.2.1 General . 8
6.2.2 Conductive coating anode systems . 9
6.2.3 Activated titanium anode systems . 10
6.2.4 Titania ceramic anodes . 11
6.2.5 Conductive cementitious anodes . 11
6.2.6 Embedded galvanic anodes . 11
6.2.7 Surface-mounted galvanic anodes.12
6.2.8 Buried and immersed anodes .12
6 . 3 Mon it or i n g s en s or s . 14
6.3.1 General . 14
6.3.2 Portable reference electrodes . 15
6.3.3 Other sensors .15
6.4 M onitoring instrumentation . 16
6.4.1 General . 16
6.4.2 Digital meters . . 16
6.4.3 Data loggers . 16
6.5 Data management system . 17
6.6 Direct current cables. 18
6.7 Junction boxes . 19
6.8 Power supplies . 19
6.9 Transformer-rectifiers . 19
7 Installation procedures .21
7.1 Electrical continuity . 21
iii
ISO 12696:2022(E)
7.2 Performance monitoring system . 21
7.3 Connections to steel in concrete . 22
7.4 Concrete repairs associated with the cathodic protection components .22
7.5 Surface preparation for anode installation . 22
7.6 Anode installation . 23
7.7 Connections to the anode system . 23
7.8 Anode overlay, surface sealant or decorative coating application .23
7.9 Electrical installation . 24
7.10 Testing during installation .25
8 Commissioning.25
8.1 Visual inspection . 25
8.2 Pre-energizing measurements .25
8.3 Initial energizing of impressed current systems . 26
8.4 Initial adjustment of impressed current systems . 26
8.5 Initial performance assessment . 27
8.6 Criteria of protection: Interpretation of performance assessment data .28
9 System records and documentation .29
9.1 Quality and test records . .29
9.2 Installation and commissioning report .29
9.3 Operation and maintenance manual . 30
10 Operation and maintenance .30
10.1 Intervals and procedures . 30
10.2 System review . 31
10.3 System review report . 31
Annex A (informative) Principles of cathodic protection and its application to steel in
concrete .32
Annex B (informative) Design process .40
Annex C (informative) Notes on anode systems .47
Annex D (informative) Notes on reference electrodes .52
Bibliography .56
iv
ISO 12696:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 156, Corrosion of metals and alloys, in
collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC
219, Cathodic protection of steel in concrete, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 12696:2016), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the scope has been revised to clarify that, in order to comply with this document, it is necessary for
the cathodic protection system to have sufficient monitoring provisions to demonstrate that the
system meets the criteria of protection specified in 8.6;
— subclause 8.6 has been revised;
— Annex A has been revised and its figures have been updated;
— Clause A.7 has been moved to the new Annex D and a new Clause A.7 “Benefits of cathodic protection
current when criteria in 8.6 are not fully met” has been added;
— Annex B has been revised completely;
— a new clause, Clause C.5 “Hybrid anodes”, has been added;
— a new annex, Annex D “Notes on reference electrodes”, has been added;
— the references in the whole document have been revised.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
ISO 12696:2022(E)
Introduction
This document applies to cathodic protection of steel in concrete, with the concrete atmospherically
exposed, buried or immersed.
As the criteria of protection for steel in buried or immersed concrete are those applicable to cathodic
protection of steel in atmospherically exposed concrete, this revision of ISO 12696:2016 incorporates
cathodic protection of steel in buried and immersed concrete. The provision of cathodic protection
current can often be more economically provided to steel in buried and immersed concrete by using
buried or immersed anode systems detailed in International Standards for buried and immersed steel
structures, rather than the anode systems that are suitable for applications to steel in atmospherically
exposed concrete. Therefore, reference is made to other International Standards in this respect while
the cathodic protection performance criteria for steel in concrete are specified in this document for all
exposures.
There are other electrochemical treatments intended to provide corrosion control for steel in
concrete. These techniques include re-alkalization and chloride extraction and are not incorporated
[10] [11]
in this document. See EN 14038-1:2016 and EN 14038-2:2020 for information on electrochemical
treatments.
Cathodic protection of steel in concrete is a technique that has been demonstrated to be successful in
appropriate applications in providing cost effective long-term corrosion control for steel in concrete.
It is a technique that requires specific design calculations and definition of installation procedures in
order to be successfully implemented. This document does not represent a design code for cathodic
protection of steel in concrete, but represents a performance standard for which it is anticipated that
a detailed design and specification for materials, installation, commissioning and operation will be
prepared by experts and experienced persons.
vi
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12696:2022(E)
Cathodic protection of steel in concrete
1 Scope
This document specifies performance requirements for cathodic protection of steel in cement-based
concrete, in both new and existing structures. It covers building and civil engineering structures,
including carbon steel reinforcement and prestressed reinforcement embedded in the concrete. It is
applicable to uncoated steel reinforcement and to organic-coated steel reinforcement. It is not applicable
to reinforced concrete containing electrically conductive fibres (e.g. carbon or steel).
This document applies to steel embedded in atmospherically exposed, buried, immersed and tidal
elements of buildings or structures.
This document is only applicable to the applications of cathodic protection to steel in concrete which
are designed with the intention to, and can be demonstrated to, meet the criteria of protection specified
in 8.6. This requires the provision of sufficient performance monitoring systems as specified in 6.3 to
all parts of the structure intended to be protected, in order to assess the extent to which the criteria in
8.6 are met.
This document does not apply to galvanic anodes or systems applied into patch repairs to reduce the
effects of ‘incipient anodes’. This document does also not apply to any form of cathodic protection
systems or other electrochemical treatments that either cannot meet the requirements of 8.6 or are not
provided with the performance monitoring systems (see 6.3) that are necessary to assess whether the
criteria of protection specified in 8.6 are met.
NOTE 1 Annex A gives guidance on the principles of cathodic protection and its application to steel in concrete.
NOTE 2 This document, while not specifically intended to address cathodic protection of steel in any
electrolyte except concrete, can be applied to cathodic protection of steel in other cementitious materials such as
th
are found, for example, in early 20 century steel-framed masonry, brick and terracotta clad buildings. In such
applications, additional considerations specific to these structures are required in respect of design, materials
and installation of cathodic protection; however, the requirements of this document can be applied to these
systems.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8044, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Vocabulary
ISO 15257, Cathodic protection — Competence levels of cathodic protection persons — Basis for a
certification scheme
IEC 60502-1, Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages from 1 kV
(Um = 1,2 kV) to 30 kV (Um = 36 kV) — Part 1: Cables for rated voltages of 1 kV (Um = 1,2 kV) and 3 kV
(Um = 3,6 kV)
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 61558-1, Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products — Part 1: General
requirements and tests
ISO 12696:2022(E)
IEC 61558-2-1, Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products — Part 2-1:
Particular requirements and tests for separating transformers and power supplies incorporating separating
transformers for general applications
IEC 61558-2-2, Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products — Part 2-2:
Particular requirements and tests for control transformers and power supplies incorporating control
transformers
IEC 61558-2-4, Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products for supply voltages
up to 1 100 V — Part 2-4: Particular requirements and tests for isolating transformers and power supply
units incorporating isolating transformers
IEC 61558-2-13, Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products for supply
voltages up to 1 100 V — Part 2-13: Particular requirements and tests for auto transformers and power
supply units incorporating auto transformers
IEC 61558-2-16, Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products for supply
voltages up to 1 100 V — Part 2-16: Particular requirements and tests for switch mode power supply units
and transformers for switch mode power supply units
IEC 62262, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment against external
mechanical impacts (IK code)
EN 1504 (all parts), Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures —
Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity
EN 14629, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Test methods —
Determination of chloride content in hardened concrete
EN 14630, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Test methods —
Determination of carbonation depth in hardened concrete by the phenolphthalein method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 8044 and EN 1504 (all parts)
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
zone
part of a cathodic protection system
Note 1 to entry: Anode systems can be divided into separate zones to supply current to a fully continuous
reinforcement mesh. Alternatively, a single anode zone can supply current to separate, electrically isolated,
zones within the reinforcement system. Zones can comprise an individual anode zone for each reinforcement
zone or exposure condition. As the current provision to each of the zones in each of these alternatives can be
separately measured, all of them are generically called “cathodic protection zones” and specifically “anode zones”
or “cathode zones”.
3.2
humectant
hygroscopic material that promotes the retention of moisture
Note 1 to entry: It can be applied to the surface of a galvanic anode to keep the concrete-anode interface moist.
ISO 12696:2022(E)
4 General
4.1 Quality management
The design, the installation, the energizing, the commissioning and the long-term operation of all of
the elements of cathodic protection systems for steel in concrete shall be fully documented. For further
information, see Annex B.
NOTE ISO 9001 constitutes a suitable quality management systems standard which can be utilized.
Each element of the work shall be undertaken in accordance with a fully documented quality plan.
Each stage of the design shall be checked and the checking shall be documented.
Each stage of the installation, energizing, commissioning and operation shall be the subject of either
appropriate visual, mechanical or electrical testing, or all, and all testing shall be documented.
All test instrumentation shall have valid calibration certificates traceable to National or International
standards concerning calibration.
The documentation shall constitute part of the permanent records for the works.
4.2 Persons
Each aspect of the cathodic protection system design, installation, testing of the installation, energizing,
commissioning and long-term operational control shall be under the supervision of persons with
appropriate qualifications, training, expertise and experience in the particular element of the work for
which they are responsible.
NOTE Cathodic protection of steel in concrete is a specialist multidiscipline activity. Expertise is required in
either the fields of electrochemistry, concrete technology, civil or structural engineering and cathodic protection
engineering, or all.
Persons who undertake the design, supervision of installation, commissioning, supervision of operation,
measurements, monitoring and supervision of maintenance of cathodic protection systems shall have
the appropriate level of competence for the tasks undertaken. ISO 15257 specifies a suitable method
which may be utilized in the assessement of the competence of cathodic protection persons.
The competence of cathodic protection persons to the appropriate level for tasks undertaken should be
demonstrated by certification in accordance with ISO 15257 or by another equivalent prequalification
procedure.
4.3 Design
This document does not represent a design code, but is a performance standard.
Cathodic protection systems for steel in concrete shall be the subject of detailed design.
The design shall, as a minimum, include and document the following:
a) detailed calculations;
b) detailed installation drawings;
c) detailed material and equipment specifications;
d) detailed method statements or specifications for installation, testing, energizing, commissioning
and operation;
e) structures containing prestressing shall be assessed for their susceptibility to hydrogen
embrittlement and for risk of stray currents.
ISO 12696:2022(E)
The detailed design shall be undertaken by persons who meet the requirements of 4.2. Annex B gives
respective information about the design. Annex B provides information for the detailed design which
should be undertaken by persons who meet the requirements of 4.2. If ISO 15257 is used to demonstrate
their competence, they shall be certificated to Level 4 or above in the sector ‘reinforced concrete
structures’.
5 Structure assessment and repair
5.1 General
For cathodic protection (or cathodic prevention) of new structures, see 5.12.
The assessment of an existing structure, including its material condition, its structural integrity and
whether and how to repair it, shall be performed in accordance with EN 1504 (all parts).
When cathodic protection is proposed as the repair/protection method, or part of it, for a structure,
additional investigation shall be undertaken in order to
a) confirm the suitability of cathodic protection, and
b) provide system-design input information (for further information, see Annex B).
These investigations shall include, but shall not be limited to, those given in 5.2 to 5.10.
5.2 Records
All available drawings, specifications, records and notes shall be reviewed to assess the location,
quantity, nature (e.g. normal, galvanized, epoxy-coated, prestressed) and continuity of the
reinforcement and any additional steel, the constituents and quality of the concrete.
The available information shall be confirmed and supplemented by site survey and laboratory tests, as
specified in 5.3 to 5.8.
5.3 Visual inspection and delamination survey
Visual survey data shall be collected to ascertain the type, causes and extent of defects, and any features
of the structure or its surrounding environment, which can influence the application and effectiveness
of cathodic protection. Areas which have been previously repaired, and the repair methods and
materials, shall be identified.
All areas of the structure which require to be cathodically protected shall be checked for delamination
of the concrete cover.
Defects, such as cracks, honeycombing or poor construction joints, which can permit significant water
penetration, and which can in turn impair the effectiveness or durability of the cathodic protection
system, shall be recorded.
Where necessary, the inspection and survey of buried or immersed elements will be facilitated by
excavation and/ or cofferdams.
5.4 Chloride analysis
If required, values and distributions of the chloride content of the concrete shall be determined in
accordance with EN 14629.
5.5 Carbonation depth measurement
If required, the distribution of carbonation depths shall be measured in accordance with EN 14630.
ISO 12696:2022(E)
5.6 Concrete cover and reinforcement location
Concrete cover distribution and embedded steel and reinforcement size and position measurements
shall be carried out in order to assess whether the anode/cathode spacing is adequate for the particular
anode system envisaged, and to identify dense regions of steel or reinforcement which can require
high current density per square meter of concrete. Shielding of the steel to be protected, caused by
embedded metal meshes, metal fibres or plates, plastic sheets or non-conductive repair materials,
which can impair the efficiency of cathodic protection, shall be assessed. Possible short-circuits
between reinforcing steel and impressed current anodes shall be assessed.
For buried or immersed structures or zones, the concrete cover can be less significant if the anode
system comprises anodes buried or immersed and located some distance from the structure.
5.7 Reinforcement electrical continuity
Drawings of reinforcement and other steel elements shall be checked for size, distribution, laps and
continuity. The last shall then be proven on site by measuring either the electrical resistance or potential
difference, or both, between bars in locations remote from each other across the structure. Testing
shall be as specified in 7.1 for the purpose of confirming cathodic protection feasibility and providing
design information. This shall include at least an assessment of the following on a representative basis:
a) electrical continuity between elements of the structure within each zone of the cathodic protection
system;
b) electrical continuity of reinforcement within elements of the structure;
c) electrical continuity of metallic items, other than reinforcement, to the reinforcement itself.
At the subsequent repair and installation stage, reinforcement and other steel size, distribution, laps
and electrical continuity shall be further checked in accordance with the methods, and to the extent
specified in 7.1.
5.8 Steel/concrete potential
Representative areas, both damaged and apparently undamaged, shall be surveyed for reinforcing steel
corrosion activity, using portable reference electrodes conforming to 6.3.2. Measurements shall be
taken, preferably on an orthogonal grid, at a maximum spacing of 500 mm.
NOTE 1 It is not necessary to carry out a steel/concrete potential survey of the entire structure. It is
appropriate to survey, in more detail, those areas where reference electrodes are planned to be permanently
installed, in order to place them in most anodic and other suitable locations.
Continuity of the reinforcement and any other steel within any steel/concrete potential survey area is
essential and shall be checked, using the method in 7.1 before the steel/concrete potential survey.
Measurements in any areas identified as delaminated, in the survey specified in 5.3, should be
interpreted with caution, because delamination can produce readings inconsistent with the level of
corrosion of the reinforcement or other embedded steel.
NOTE 2 References [12], [13] and [14] provide guidance with respect to steel/concrete potential measurements
and interpretation.
5.9 Concrete electrical resistivity
The impact of variations in concrete resistivity on the cathodic protection system shall be considered.
There is no firm guidance on limits of electrical resistivity with respect to cathodic protection, but
the designer shall consider whether full protection can be achieved where required for the ranges of
concrete resistivity found on the structure.
NOTE References [14] and [15] provide guidance with respect to concrete electrical resistivity measurements
and interpretation.
ISO 12696:2022(E)
5.10 Repair
5.10.1 General
All operations comprising repair shall be performed in accordance with EN 1504 (all parts), except
where stated otherwise in 5.10.
NOTE Installation of cathodic protection to an existing structure can be associated with other forms of
repair work, such as strengthening, patching or coating, as determined in accordance with EN 1504 (all parts).
In this subclause, the term “repair” signifies reinstatement of the damaged/deteriorated concrete to provide an
uninterrupted path for the flow of cathodic protection current prior to the installation of cathodic protection,
as well as reinstatement at locations where concrete has been removed to provide access to reinforcement and
other steel, to install cable connections and monitoring sensors.
5.10.2 Concrete removal
Any repair material detrimental to the performance of the cathodic protection (CP) system shall be
broken out.
For example, predominantly epoxy-based repair materials have very high resistivity values and can
shield reinforcement within or behind them from cathodic protection. Concrete reinforced with
metallic fibres can have very low electrical resistivity and the fibres can form an electrical short-circuit
path between the anode and the steel.
For impressed-current cathodic protection systems, any tying wire, nails or other metal components
visible on the concrete, that can contact the anode system or that can be too close to the anode for
optimum anode/cathode spacing, shall be cut back and the concrete shall be repaired.
NOTE Any metallic objects electrically isolated from the cathodic protection cathode circuit can corrode
and can require to be electrically bonded to the reinforcement or removed.
The re
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