SIST EN 1537:2013
(Main)Execution of special geotechnical work - Ground anchors
Execution of special geotechnical work - Ground anchors
This European Standard covers ground anchors grouted into the ground which are stressed and tested. They can be used for permanent or temporary applications. The anchors are designed in accordance with EN 1997-1 and are tested in accordance with prEN ISO 22477-5. Typical bond and compression type anchors are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. The term "ground" is taken to encompass soil, rock and fill already in place or existing prior to the execution of the construction work. The planning and design of ground anchors calls for experience and knowledge in this specialised field. The installation and testing phases require skilled, qualified labour and supervision. This standard cannot replace the knowledge of specialist personnel and the expertise of experienced contractors required to apply this standard. This standard does not address systems such as tension piles, screw anchors, mechanical anchors, soil nails, dead-man anchors or expander anchors as these do not fulfil the requirements of this standard.
Ausführung von besonderen geotechnischen Arbeiten (Spezialtiefbau) - Verpreßanker
1.1 Diese Norm gilt für den Einbau und die Überwachung von Dauer- und Kurzzeitankern.
1.2 Diese Norm behandelt Anker, die gespannt und nach EN ISO 22477-5 geprüft werden können.
1.3 Ein Anker besteht aus einem Ankerkopf, einer freien Ankerlänge und einer Krafteintragungslänge, die
mit dem Baugrund durch Verpressmörtel verbunden ist. In den Bildern 1 und 2 sind typische Verpress- und
Druckrohranker dargestellt.
1.4 Die Tragfähigkeit jedes Ankers muss vor Ort geprüft werden.
1.5 Die Bezeichnung „Baugrund“ umfasst sowohl Boden als auch Fels.
1.6 Die Planung und die Bemessung von Verpressankern erfordern Erfahrung und Kenntnisse auf diesem
Spezialgebiet. Die Aspekte der Bemessung werden in EN 1997-1, Eurocode 7: Entwurf, Berechnung und
Bemessung in der Geotechnik — Teil 1: Allgemeine Regeln behandelt.
1.7 Einbau und Prüfung erfordern erfahrene Facharbeiter und eine qualifizierte Überwachung.
1.8 Diese Norm kann die Kenntnisse von Fachleuten und den Sachverstand von erfahrenen Grundbauunternehmen,
die zur Umsetzung der Norm erforderlich sind, nicht ersetzen.
1.9 Diese Norm befasst sich nicht mit anderen Verankerungsverfahren wie Zugpfählen, Schraubbohrpfählen,
mechanischen Verankerungen, Bodennägeln, Spreizhülsenankern oder Zuggliedern mit Ankerwänden.
1.10 Wenn eines dieser Verfahren als Anker (in Übereinstimmung mit EN 1537) angewendet wird, muss es
sämtliche Anforderungen der Unterabschnitte 1.2, 1.3 und 1.4 erfüllen.
Exécution des travaux géotechniques spéciaux - Tirant d'ancrage
1.1 La présente norme européenne couvre les tirants scellés au coulis dans le terrain qui sont mis en tension et testés. Ils sont soit permanents soit provisoires.
NOTE Pour l’usage de cette norme, le terme de tirant (s) se réfère au terme de tirant (s) d’ancrage
1.2 Les tirants d’ancrages sont conçus conformément à l’EN 1997-1 et testés conformément à la prEN ISO 22477-5.
1.3 Des dispositifs de tirants d'ancrage scellés et à élément de compression sont illustrés à la Figure 1 et la Figure 2.
1.4 Le terme « terrain » englobe à la fois les sols, les roches et les remblais en place préalablement à l’exécution des travaux.
1.5 La conception et le calcul des tirants d'ancrage demandent de l'expérience et une connaissance dans ce domaine.
1.6 La mise en œuvre et les essais de tirants nécessitent une main d'œuvre compétente et qualifiée et une surveillance.
1.7 La présente norme européenne ne saurait se substituer au savoir-faire d'un personnel qualifié et à l'expertise d'entreprises expérimentées, nécessaires à l'application de cette norme européenne.
1.8 Cette norme ne concerne pas les systèmes tels que les pieux en traction, les ancrages vissés, les ancrages mécaniques, les procédés de clouage, les ancrages à corps-morts ou à corps expansifs, puisque ceux-ci ne satisfont pas à la totalité des exigences de cette norme.
Izvedba posebnih geotehničnih del - Geotehnična sidra
Ta evropski standard pokriva talna sidra, zalita v tla, ki se jih obremeni in testira. Lahko so za začasno ali stalno uporabo. Ta sidra so oblikovana v skladu s standardom EN 1997-1 in se jih testira v skladu s standardom prEN ISO 22477-5. Tipična armaturna sidra in sidra na pritisk so prikazana na Sliki 1 in Sliki 2. Izraz »tla« označuje zemljo, skalo ali polnilo, ki je že nameščeno ali obstaja pred začetkom izvedbe gradbenih del. Za načrtovanje in oblikovanje zemeljskih sider so potrebne izkušnje in znanje na tem specializiranem področju. Za namestitev in preskusne faze so potrebni izkušeni kvalificirani delavci in nadzor. Ta standard ne more nadomestiti znanja usposobljenih kadrov in izkušenih podizvajalcev, ki morajo upoštevati ta standard. Ta standard se ne nanaša na sisteme, kot so natezni piloti, vijačna sidra, mehanična sidra, talni žeblji, temelji ali ekspanzijska sidra, ker ne izpolnjujejo zahtev tega standarda.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Ausführung von besonderen geotechnischen Arbeiten (Spezialtiefbau) - VerpreßankerExécution des travaux géotechniques spéciaux - Tirant d'ancrageExecution of special geotechnical work - Ground anchors93.020Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod zemljoEarthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground worksICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1537:2013SIST EN 1537:2013en,fr,de01-december-2013SIST EN 1537:2013SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1537:2002/AC:2004SIST EN 1537:20021DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 1537:2013
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 1537
July 2013 ICS 93.020 Supersedes EN 1537:1999English Version
Execution of special geotechnical works - Ground anchors
Exécution des travaux géotechniques spéciaux - Tirants d'ancrage
Ausführung von Arbeiten im Spezialtiefbau - VerpressankerThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 May 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1537:2013: ESIST EN 1537:2013
EN 1537:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page
Foreword .4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .7 3 Terms, definitions and symbols .7 3.1 Terms and definitions .7 3.2 Symbols . 10 4 Information needed for the execution of the work . 11 4.1 General . 11 4.2 Special features . 11 5 Geotechnical investigation . 12 5.1 General . 12 5.2 Specific requirements . 12 6 Materials and products . 13 6.1 General . 13 6.2 Anchor components subject to corrosion protection . 13 6.2.1 Tendon . 13 6.2.2 Anchor head . 14 6.2.3 Coupler . 14 6.2.4 Tendon bond length . 14 6.2.5 Components in the borehole . 14 6.2.6 Compression element of a compression type anchor . 15 6.3 Corrosion protection of steel tendon and stressed steel components . 15 6.3.1 General . 15 6.3.2 Temporary ground anchor . 15 6.3.3 Permanent ground anchor . 16 6.4 Grouts for corrosion protection and load transfer . 16 6.4.1 Cement grout for temporary anchors . 16 6.4.2 Cement grout for permanent anchors inside encapsulations . 17 6.4.3 Cement grout for permanent anchors outside encapsulations . 17 6.4.4 Resin Grout . 17 6.5 Other components and materials for corrosion protection barriers . 18 6.5.1 Plastic sheaths and ducts . 18 6.5.2 Heat shrink sleeves . 19 6.5.3 Seals . 19 6.5.4 Corrosion protection compounds based on petroleum, waxes or greases . 19 6.5.5 Sacrificial metallic coating . 19 6.5.6 Other coatings on steel parts . 20 6.5.7 Steel tubes and caps . 20 6.6 Application of corrosion protection . 20 6.6.1 General . 20 6.6.2 Tendon free and bond lengths . 20 6.6.3 Anchor head . 21 6.7 Corrosion protection system . 22 7 Considerations related to design . 23 8 Execution . 23 8.1 Drilling of holes . 23 SIST EN 1537:2013
EN 1537:2013 (E) 3 8.1.1 Drilling Methods . 23 8.1.2 Tolerances . 24 8.2 Manufacturing, transport, handling and installation of tendons . 25 8.2.1 Manufacture . 25 8.2.2 Transport, handling and installation . 25 8.3 Grouting . 26 8.3.1 General . 26 8.3.2 Borehole testing . 26 8.3.3 Pre-grouting . 27 8.3.4 Anchor grouting . 27 8.3.5 Post-grouting . 28 8.4 Stressing . 29 8.4.1 General . 29 8.4.2 Equipment . 29 8.4.3 Stressing procedure . 29 8.4.4 Lock off of anchor . 30 8.4.5 Stressing of anchors with staggered free lengths . 30 9 Supervision, testing and monitoring . 30 9.1 General . 30 9.2 Measurement requirements . 31 9.3 Datum load . 31 9.4 Test methods . 31 9.5 Investigation test . 31 9.6 Suitability test . 32 9.7 Acceptance test . 32 9.8 Evaluation of the apparent tendon free length . 32 9.9 Supervision of construction and testing . 33 9.10 Monitoring . 33 10 Records . 33 11 Special requirements . 34 Annex A (informative)
Examples of testing corrosion protection . 36 Annex B (informative)
Guidelines for acceptance criteria for viscous corrosion protection compounds and examples of standards for the testing of material properties . 38 Annex C (informative)
Corrosion protection systems for temporary and permanent anchors and typical details for permanent anchor heads . 39 Annex D (informative)
Example of record sheet . 45 Annex E (informative)
Obligation of the provisions . 47 Bibliography . 52
SIST EN 1537:2013
EN 1537:2013 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 1537:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 288 “Execution of special geotechnical works”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1537:1999. The remit of CEN/TC 288 is the standardisation of the execution procedures for geotechnical works (including testing and control methods) and of the required material properties. CEN/TC 288/WG 14 has been charged with the revision of EN 1537:1999 in the subject area of ground anchors, which includes all anchors that are bonded to the ground by grout and are stressed and tested. This standard has been prepared to stand alongside EN 1997-1, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design — Part 1: General rules, and prEN ISO 22477-5, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Testing of geotechnical structures — Part 5. Design, safety aspects and testing, which were included as the informative Annexes D and E in the previous issue of this standard (EN 1537:1999), were consequently taken out of this present issue. Clause 7, “Considerations related to design” of this standard deals only with those design matters that should be taken into account during the execution stage of ground anchors so that the design of the anchor system may be fulfilled. In addition, this standard provides full coverage of the construction and supervision requirements. The revision of this standard was effected by a working group comprising of delegates from ten countries and the comments of these countries have been taken into account. The main amendments are: — definitions and terminology brought into accordance with the definitions and terminology of EN 1997-1:2004, Eurocode 7, in particular with Section 8; — alignment of this European Standard with prEN ISO 22477-5;
— structural revisions to match the structure of this standard with that of other standards for special geotechnical works, e.g. EN 1536, Execution of special geotechnical work — Bored piles and EN 1538, Execution of special geotechnical work — Diaphragm walls; — general revision in accordance with comments received during the CEN Enquiry, 2010; — update of references. As long as EN ISO 22477-5 is not available, national solutions should be implemented for the testing of anchors. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 1537:2013
EN 1537:2013 (E) 5 1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard covers ground anchors grouted into the ground which are stressed and tested. They can be used for permanent or temporary applications. NOTE For the purpose of this standard the term ‘anchor(s)’ refers to ‘ground anchor(s)’. 1.2 The anchors are designed in accordance with EN 1997-1 and are tested in accordance with prEN ISO 22477-5. 1.3 Typical bond and compression type anchors are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. 1.4 The term "ground" is taken to encompass soil, rock and fill already in place or existing prior to the execution of the construction work. 1.5 The planning and design of ground anchors calls for experience and knowledge in this specialised field.
1.6 The installation and testing phases require skilled, qualified labour and supervision.
1.7 This standard cannot replace the knowledge of specialist personnel and the expertise of experienced contractors required to apply this standard. 1.8 This standard does not address systems such as tension piles, screw anchors, mechanical anchors, soil nails, dead-man anchors or expander anchors as these do not fulfil the requirements of this standard.
Key 1 anchorage point at jack during stressing 8 O-Ring 2 anchorage point at anchor head in service 9 soil/rock 3 tensioning element at anchor head 10 borehole 4 bearing plate 11 debonding sleeve 5 load transfer block 12 tendon 6 structural element 13 fixed length grout body 7 trumpet or anchor head tube 14 free length filling where appropriate Figure 1 — Sketch of a bond type ground anchor — Details of anchor head and head protection omitted SIST EN 1537:2013
EN 1537:2013 (E) 6
Key 1 anchorage point at jack during stressing 2 anchorage point at anchor head in service 3 tensioning element at anchor head 4 bearing plate 5 load transfer block 6 structural element 7 trumpet or anchor head tube 8 O - Ring 9 soil/rock 10 borehole 11 debonding sleeve 12 tendon 13 fixed length grout body 14 free length filling where appropriate
15 compression element Figure 2 — Sketch of a compression type ground anchor — Details of anchor head and head protection omitted SIST EN 1537:2013
EN 1537:2013 (E) 7 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 206-1, Concrete — Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity EN 447, Grout for prestressing tendons — Basic requirements EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 2: Concrete admixtures — Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling EN 1992-1-1, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures — Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings EN 1997-1:2004, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design — Part 1: General rules EN 1997-2, Eurocode 7 — Geotechnical design — Part 2: Ground investigation and testing EN 10025 (all parts), Hot-rolled products of structural steels EN 10080, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete — Weldable reinforcing steel — General prEN 10138-1, Prestressing steel — Part 1: General requirements EN 10210-1, Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels — Part 1: Technical delivery conditions EN 10219-1, Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels — Part 1: Technical delivery conditions EN 10219-2, Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels — Part 2: Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties EN ISO 12944-5, Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems — Part 5: Protective paint systems (ISO 12944-5) prEN ISO 22477-5, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Testing of geotechnical structures — Part 5: Testing of anchorages (ISO/DIS 22477-5)1)
ETAG 013, Post-tensioning kits for prestressing of structures 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 anchor head fr: tête d'ancrage de: Ankerkopf element of a ground anchor which transmits the tensile load from the tendon to the bearing plate or the structure
1) In preparation. SIST EN 1537:2013
EN 1537:2013 (E) 8 3.1.2
anchor system fr: système d’ancrage de: Ankersystem system comprising specific components and materials which collectively form the ground anchor
3.1.3
acceptance test fr: essai de réception
de: Abnahmeprüfung load test to confirm that each anchor conforms with the acceptance criteria 3.1.4
apparent tendon free length fr: longueur libre équivalente de l’armature de: Rechnerische freie Stahllänge length of tendon which is estimated to be fully decoupled from the surrounding grout and is calculated from the load-elastic displacement data following testing 3.1.5
borehole diameter
fr: diamètre de forage de: Bohrlochdurchmesser diameter of a borehole as defined by the drill bit or casing diameter, excluding any enlargements 3.1.6
compression type anchor fr: tirant à élément de compression de: Druckrohranker ground anchor, the load of which is transferred via a decoupled steel tendon down to the bottom of the borehole, and from there via a compression element and the borehole grout into the ground 3.1.7
compression element length fr: longeur d’élément de compression de: Druckrohrlänge length of the compression element for load transfer of a compression type anchor 3.1.8
coupler fr: coupleur de: Koppelelement device for joining the lengths of bar or strand which comprise an anchor tendon 3.1.9
critical creep load fr: traction critique de fluage de: Kritische Kriechkraft anchor load corresponding to the end of the first linear part of a plot of anchor load against creep rate 3.1.10
datum load fr: traction de référence de: Vorbelastung level of anchor load from which the anchor head displacement is measured during a stress test SIST EN 1537:2013
EN 1537:2013 (E) 9 3.1.11
encapsulation fr: protection de: Korrosionsschutzumhüllung corrosion protection barrier which is typically a plastic or metallic tube applied to the tendon 3.1.12
fixed anchor length fr: longueur de scellement du tirant de: Krafteintragungslänge designed length of an anchor over which the load is transmitted to the surrounding ground, through a grout body 3.1.13 free anchor length fr: longueur libre du tirant de: Freie Ankerlänge distance between the proximal end of the fixed anchor length and the tendon anchorage point at the anchor head 3.1.14 ground anchor fr: tirant d'ancrage de: Verpressanker structural element capable of transmitting an applied tensile load to a load-bearing stratum; it consists of an anchor head, a free anchor length and a fixed anchor length 3.1.15 grout fr: coulis de: Verpressgut fluid mixture of a binding and/or setting agent (usually cement) and water that hardens after being placed in position 3.1.16 investigation test fr: essai préalable de: Untersuchungsprüfung load test to establish the ultimate load resistance of an anchor at the ground/grout interface and to determine the characteristics of the anchor in the working load range 3.1.17 lock-off load fr: traction de blocage de: Festlegekraft load transferred to an anchor head immediately on completion of a stressing operation 3.1.18 permanent anchor fr: tirant d'ancrage permanent de: Daueranker anchor with a design life in excess of two years SIST EN 1537:2013
EN 1537:2013 (E) 10 3.1.19
proof load fr: traction d'épreuve de: Prüfkraft maximum test load to which an anchor is subjected 3.1.20 suitability test fr: essai de contrôle de: Eignungsprüfung load test to confirm that a particular anchor design will be adequate in particular ground conditions 3.1.21 temporary anchor fr: tirant d'ancrage provisoire de: Kurzzeitanker anchor with a design life of two years or less 3.1.22
tendon fr: armature de: Zugglied part of a ground anchor that is capable of transmitting the tensile load from the fixed anchor length to the anchor head 3.1.23
tendon bond length fr: longueur de scellement de l'armature de: Verankerungslänge des Zuggliedes length of the tendon that is bonded directly to the grout and capable of transmitting the applied tensile load 3.1.24
tendon free length fr: longueur libre de l'armature de: Freie Stahllänge length of tendon between the anchorage point at the anchor head and the proximal end of the tendon bond length 3.2 Symbols At Cross sectional area of anchor tendon Et Elastic modulus of anchor tendon ftk Characteristic tensile strength of a tendon LA Anchor length Lapp Apparent tendon free length Le External length of tendon measured from the tendon anchorage in the anchor head to the anchorage point in the stressing jack Lce Length of compression element Lfixed Fixed anchor length SIST EN 1537:2013
EN 1537:2013 (E) 11 Lfree Free anchor length Ltb Tendon bond length Ltf Tendon free length Pa Datum load Po Anchor lock-off load Pp Proof load 4 Information needed for the execution of the work 4.1 General 4.1.1 Prior to the execution of the work, all necessary information shall be provided and shall include: — any legal or statutory restrictions; — execution specifications (see Note); — the location of main grid lines for setting out; — the conditions of structures, roads, services, etc. adjacent to the work, including any necessary surveys; — a suitable quality management system, including supervision, monitoring and testing. NOTE The execution specification consists of documents covering all drawings, technical data and requirements necessary for the execution of a particular project. The execution specification is not one document but signifies the total sum of documents required for the execution of the work. It includes the project specification prepared in order to supplement and qualify the requirements of this European Standard as well as to refer to the national provisions relevant in the place of use. 4.1.2 The information regarding the site conditions shall cover, where relevant: — the geometry of the site, including boundary conditions, topography, access, slopes, headroom restrictions; — the existing underground structures, services and aerial photographs, known contaminations, and archaeological constraints; — the environmental restrictions, including noise, vibration, pollution; — the future or ongoing activities such as dewatering, tunnelling, deep excavations. 4.2 Special features 4.2.1 Anchor testing and the verification of design parameters are necessary elements in the construction procedure. 4.2.2 Activities required for the design, execution, testing and maintenance of the ground anchors and the interface between these activities shall be defined before the start of the work. SIST EN 1537:2013
EN 1537:2013 (E) 12 4.2.3 The following shall be provided prior to the initial supply and installation of the ground anchor system: — details of the ground anchor project and the construction sequence and programme; — a site investigation report incorporating a geotechnical classification and engineering properties of the ground in which the ground anchors are to be located; — information on all other boundary conditions, including underground services, existing foundations and requirements relevant to the location and performance of the ground anchors; — details of ownership of the ground into which the anchors are to be installed; — details of any agreement required to gain access to ground into which the anchors are to be installed. — details of requirements, where relevant, for destressing and/or removing anchors when they are no longer required. 4.2.4 Environmental issues, including the use of grout, removal of soil, water recycling, noise and vibration shall be considere
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