SIST ISO 28560-2:2014
Information and documentation -- RFID in libraries -- Part 2: Encoding of RFID data elements based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
Information and documentation -- RFID in libraries -- Part 2: Encoding of RFID data elements based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
identification (RFID) tags for items appropriate for the needs of all types of libraries (including national,
academic, public, corporate, special, and school libraries). The rules for encoding a subset of data
elements taken from the total set of data elements defined in ISO 28560-1 are based on ISO/IEC 15962,
which uses an object identifier structure to identify data elements.
This part of ISO 28560 defines the technical characteristics required to encode the data elements defined
in ISO 28560-1 in accordance with ISO/IEC 15962. These subsets of data elements can be different on
different items in the same library. The encoding rules also enable the optional data to be organized on
the RFID tag in any sequence. In addition, the encoding rules provide for flexible encoding of variable
length and variable format data.
This part of ISO 28560 provides essential standards-based information about RFID in libraries. A source
of additional information about implementation issues is provided in Annex A.
Information et documentation -- RFID dans les bibliothèques -- Partie 2: Encodage des éléments de données RFID fondé sur les règles de l'ISO/CEI 15962
Informatika in dokumentacija - RFID v knjižnicah - 2. del: Kodiranje podatkovnih elementov RFID po pravilih iz ISO/IEC 15962
Standard ISO 28560-2:2014 določa podatkovni model in pravila kodiranja za uporabo oznak za radiofrekvenčno prepoznavo (RFID) za elemente, ustrezne za potrebe vseh vrst knjižnic (vključno z nacionalnimi, akademskimi, javnimi, poslovnimi, posebnimi in šolskimi). Pravila za šifriranje podniza podatkovnih elementov, izvzetih iz celotnega niza podatkovnih elementov iz standarda ISO 28560-1, temeljijo na standardu ISO/IEC 15962, ki uporablja strukturo identifikatorja objekta za določitev podatkovnih elementov.
Ta del standarda ISO 28560 določa tehnične značilnosti, zahtevane za kodiranje podatkovnih elementov, opredeljenih v standardu ISO 28560-1 v skladu s standardom ISO/IEC 15962. Ti podnizi podatkovnih elementov se lahko razlikujejo za različne elemente v isti knjižnici. Pravila kodiranja omogočajo tudi organizacijo poljubnih podatkov na oznaki RDIF v katerem koli zaporedju. Poleg tega pravila kodiranja omogočajo prilagodljivo kodiranje različne dolžine in podatkov različnih oblik.
Ta del standarda ISO 28560 zagotavlja osnovne informacije na osnovi standardov o RFID v knjižnicah. Vir dodatnih informacij o vprašanjih glede izvajanja je zagotovljen v dodatku A.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 28560-2
Second edition
2014-08-15
Information and documentation —
RFID in libraries —
Part 2:
Encoding of RFID data elements based
on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
Information et documentation — RFID dans les bibliothèques —
Partie 2: Encodage des éléments de données RFID fondé sur les règles
de l’ISO/CEI 15962
Reference number
ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Applicability and relationship with other systems . 3
5 Requirements . 5
5.1 Data elements . 5
5.2 RFID air interface . 5
5.3 Data protocol . 5
5.4 RFID readers . 5
6 Data elements . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Primary item identifier . 7
6.3 Content parameter . 8
6.4 Owner institution (ISIL) . 8
6.5 Set information . 9
6.6 Type of usage . 9
6.7 Shelf location . 9
6.8 ONIX media format . 9
6.9 MARC media format . 9
6.10 Supplier identifier . 9
6.11 Order number . 9
6.12 ILL borrowing institution . 9
6.13 ILL transaction number .10
6.14 GS1 product identifier .10
6.15 Alternative unique item identifier .10
6.16 Local data .10
6.17 Title .10
6.18 Product identifier (local) .11
6.19 Media format (other) .11
6.20 Supply chain stage.11
6.21 Supplier invoice number .12
6.22 Alternative item identifier .12
6.23 Alternative owner institution .12
6.24 Subsidiary of an owner institution .12
6.25 Alternative ILL borrowing institution.12
6.26 Other reserved data elements.12
7 Data encoding .12
7.1 Data protocol overview .12
7.2 Data constructs .13
7.3 ISO/IEC 15961-1 commands and responses .14
7.4 ISO/IEC 15962 encoding rules .15
8 RFID tag requirements .20
8.1 Air interface protocol .20
8.2 Bit and byte sequence .21
8.3 Air interface conformance.23
8.4 Performance .23
9 Data integrity, security, and privacy issues .23
9.1 Data integrity .23
9.2 Item security .23
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
10 Implementation and migration .24
Annex A (informative) Information about ISO 28560 RFID in libraries .25
Annex B (normative) Relevant ISO/IEC 15961-1 application commands .26
Annex C (normative) Pre-encoding the ISIL .29
Annex D (informative) Encoding examples.34
Annex E (informative) Implementation and migration .39
Bibliography .42
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee
SC 4, Technical interoperability.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 28560-2:2011), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 28560 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information and documentation — RFID
in libraries:
— Part 1: Data elements and general guidelines for implementation
— Part 2: Encoding of RFID data elements based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
— Part 3: Fixed length encoding
The following parts are under preparation:
— Part 4: Encoding of data elements based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962 in an RFID tag with partitioned
memory [Technical Specification]
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
Introduction
Libraries are implementing radio frequency identification (RFID) as item identification to replace bar
codes. RFID streamlines applications like user self-service, security, and materials handling. A standard
data model for encoding information on RFID tags could increase the cost-effectiveness of the technology
within libraries, particularly through greater interoperability of RFID tags and equipment, and enhance
support for resource sharing between libraries.
Several countries have undertaken preliminary work on standardization. The Netherlands developed
a data model for public libraries and in Denmark “RFID Data Model for Libraries” has been published.
Finland has adopted the Danish model, but with a few changes. There is a French data model that differs
from the Danish and Dutch models. Other libraries in different parts of the world have installations
based on various proprietary systems offered by technology and library system suppliers. All of these
constitute the installed base of RFID systems, but only account for a small minority of the total of
libraries globally.
There is an opportunity to develop a standard data model, taking into account the lessons learned from
the national schemes and vendor solutions, and provide migration options for those libraries that have
already invested in the technology. Because new items are continually being purchased, a number of
migration options can be adopted based on factors relevant to each library.
This part of ISO 28560 deals with the encoding of data elements in a flexible manner using encoding
rules that are specified in ISO/IEC 15962. ISO 28560-1 defines the set of mandatory and optional data
elements.
ISO 28560-3 and this part of ISO 28560 are mutually exclusive with respect to an RFID tag being applied
to a loan item. In other words, the RFID tag is encoded according to the rules of this part of ISO 28560,
or to the rules of ISO 28560-3, or to some proprietary rules. Depending on the technologies being used,
and other features of tags that are claiming compliance with this part of ISO 28560, the reading system
might achieve a degree of interoperability.
This International Standard provides essential standards-based information about RFID in libraries.
Ongoing advice needs to be provided because of the evolving nature of RFID technology, and the
opportunities to migrate between different types of legacy system and encoding rules of this
International Standard.
vi © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
Information and documentation — RFID in libraries —
Part 2:
Encoding of RFID data elements based on rules from ISO/
IEC 15962
1 Scope
This part of ISO 28560 specifies a data model and encoding rules for the use of radio frequency
identification (RFID) tags for items appropriate for the needs of all types of libraries (including national,
academic, public, corporate, special, and school libraries). The rules for encoding a subset of data
elements taken from the total set of data elements defined in ISO 28560-1 are based on ISO/IEC 15962,
which uses an object identifier structure to identify data elements.
This part of ISO 28560 defines the technical characteristics required to encode the data elements defined
in ISO 28560-1 in accordance with ISO/IEC 15962. These subsets of data elements can be different on
different items in the same library. The encoding rules also enable the optional data to be organized on
the RFID tag in any sequence. In addition, the encoding rules provide for flexible encoding of variable
length and variable format data.
This part of ISO 28560 provides essential standards-based information about RFID in libraries. A source
of additional information about implementation issues is provided in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 15961-1, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management:
Data protocol — Part 1: Application interface
ISO/IEC 15962, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management —
Data protocol: data encoding rules and logical memory functions
ISO/IEC 18000-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 3:
Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
ISO/IEC 18046-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device performance test
methods — Part 3: Test methods for tag performance
ISO/IEC/TR 18047-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test
methods — Part 3: Test methods for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
ISO 28560-1, Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Part 1: Data elements and general
guidelines for implementation
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
3.1
access method
component of the DSFID (3.8) that is responsible for declaring the ISO/IEC 15962 compaction and
encoding rules on an RFID tag
3.2
air interface protocol
rules of communication between an RFID interrogator and the RFID tag of a particular type, covering:
frequency, modulation, bit encoding, and command sets
3.3
application command
instruction issued from the application to the ISO/IEC 15962 data protocol processor in order to initiate
an action or operation with the RFID tag(s) via the interrogator
3.4
AFI
application family identifier
mechanism used in the data protocol and the air interface protocol (3.2) to select a class of RFID tags
relevant to an application, or aspect of an application, and to ignore further communications with other
classes of RFID tags with different identifiers
3.5
arc
specific branch of an object identifier tree, with new arcs added as required to define a particular object
Note 1 to entry: The top three arcs of all object identifiers are compliant with ISO/IEC 9834-1, ensuring uniqueness.
3.6
data format
mechanism used in the data protocol to identify how object identifiers (3.11) are encoded on the RFID
tag, and (where possible) identify a particular data dictionary for the set of relevant object identifiers
for that application
Note 1 to entry: The data format declares the Root-OID (3.13) in an efficient manner, so that a complete object
identifier (3.11) can be reconstructed for external communications.
3.7
data protocol process
implementation of the processes defined in ISO/IEC 15962, including data compaction, formatting,
support of the command/response unit, and an interface to the tag driver
3.8
DSFID
data storage format identifier
code that consists of, at least, the access method (3.1) and data format (3.6)
3.9
digital vandalism
unauthorized modification of data on an RFID tag that either renders it unusable or falsely represents
another identifier
3.10
metadata
type of data or information about data
Note 1 to entry: In the context of this part of ISO 28560, metadata (3.10) can be the Relative-OID (3.12) in relation
to the data, the precursor in relation to the compacted and encoded bytes, or the AFI (3.4) and DSFID (3.8) in
relation to the data.
2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
3.11
object identifier
value (distinguishable from all other such values), which is associated with an object
3.12
Relative-OID
particular object identifier (3.11) that constitutes the remaining arcs (3.5) after the Root-OID (3.13)
3.13
Root-OID
particular object identifier (3.11) that constitutes the first, second, and subsequent common arcs (3.5) of
a set of object identifiers (hence the common root)
3.14
tag driver
implementation of the process to transfer data between the data protocol processor and the RFID tag
4 Applicability and relationship with other systems
4.1 Figure 1 gives an overview of the relationship of this part of ISO 28560 with other systems. This
part of ISO 28560 defines a set of technical features while addressing a number of operational issues. This
part of ISO 28560 interfaces with four other activities, but with a clearly defined overlap. These other
activities are
— the circulation of library materials,
— the data requirements of publishers, printers, and other suppliers,
— the interlibrary loan processes, and
— the details of borrowers, including membership cards.
4.2 Figure 1 also shows that there is a direct relationship with supply chain activities, and internally
within the library with RFID circulation devices and the library management system including interfaces
such as SIP2 and NCIP.
As the use of RFID in libraries moves towards a more standardized approach as defined in this part of
ISO 28560, the characteristics and architecture systems change compared to those already established.
To achieve interoperability with equipment and software, the required features include
— the air interface protocol, which defines the way readers and tags communicate with one another,
— the data protocol, which defines the encoding rules that convert application-based data to the
encoded bytes on the RFID tag; the data protocol also defines metadata features in the RFID tag to
protect the integrity of RFID for library systems in relation to other RFID applications,
— the set of data elements that form the dictionary from which individual libraries can choose those
that are most appropriate for their operation.
4.3 By adopting this part of ISO 28560, libraries will have increased flexibility with a number of features
as follows.
— Beyond the minimum of mandatory data elements defined in this part of ISO 28560, libraries is able
to choose from the optional data elements those that are more appropriate to its application, even
varying these for different types of item.
— Libraries should be able to rank the optional data elements into an appropriate order for encoding
on the RFID tag to support fast transactions across the air interface.
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved 3
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ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
— Libraries have a greater choice of interoperable RFID equipment, and should be able to select RFID
tags with an appropriate size of memory.
— Some degree of choice in the types of security system becomes a library responsibility.
— Libraries with an installed base of RFID data capture is offered options on how to migrate to the
more open standard solution.
— The library community, as a whole and through developments of this part of ISO 28560, is provided
with future options to cope with changes within the RFID equipment as the technology develops.
This includes ensuring that new open systems applications do not corrupt the established base of
RFID systems in libraries.
Figure 1 — Relationship of this part of ISO 28560 with other systems
4 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
5 Requirements
5.1 Data elements
The data elements shall be compliant with ISO 28560-1.
NOTE There is a degree of flexibility in using locally defined codes that enable enhancements and variations
to be implemented while still complying with the basic set of data elements.
5.2 RFID air interface
5.2.1 General
The air interface for compliant tags is specified in ISO/IEC 18000-3, specifically the specification for
Mode 1.
For migration purposes, additional non-compliant air interfaces used in legacy systems can be supported
during a transition period, which is permitted to remain in place for years as necessary.
5.2.2 Air interface conformance
The air interface conformance shall be tested in accordance with the procedures of ISO/IEC TR 18047-3.
5.2.3 Tag performance
Where there are requirements for testing tag performance, these shall be done in accordance with
ISO/IEC 18046-3.
5.3 Data protocol
ISO/IEC 15961-1 specifies the application commands that are used to define the communication
requirements between the application and the RFID tag. The relevant commands are described in
Annex B.
The process rules of ISO/IEC 15962 shall be used to encode and decode data from the RFID tag. In
particular, the following constraints shall apply.
— The only encoding rules shall be based on the No-directory access method. No alternative access
method shall be supported until this part of ISO 28560 is revised.
— Both the hard-coded and software-encoded DSFID shall be supported, depending on the capabilities
of the RFID tag.
5.4 RFID readers
In order to achieve interoperability, RFID readers shall be based on open architecture RFID standards
defined by ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee JTC 1/SC 31. Particular standards are specified in this
part of ISO 28560. This means that any one manufacturer’s reading/writing equipment shall be able to
read or write to any other manufacturer’s RFID tags, and that any manufacturer’s RFID tags shall be
able to be read and/or programmed by any other manufacturer’s reader/writer.
6 Data elements
6.1 General
The set of data elements that comprises the data dictionary for this part of ISO 28560 is fully described
in ISO 28560-1 and repeated in outline in Table 1. Only one data element is mandatory, the primary item
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved 5
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ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
identifier. All others are optional, but can be selected to meet the requirements of individual libraries,
and/or for particular items.
Table 1 shows the Relative-OID value, the format for input data, and advice about locking the data
element as an encoded data set on the RFID tag. A maximum length of 255 characters should apply to all
data elements that have a variable length display format.
Table 1 — List of data elements
Name of the data ele-
a
N Status Display format Lock
ment
1 Primary item identifier Mandatory Variable length alphanumeric Should be
Character set = ISO/IEC 646 International Refer- locked
ence Version
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 28560-2:2014
01-december-2014
Informatika in dokumentacija - RFID v knjižnicah - 2. del: Kodiranje podatkovnih
elementov RFID po pravilih iz ISO/IEC 15962
Information and documentation -- RFID in libraries -- Part 2: Encoding of RFID data
elements based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
Information et documentation -- RFID dans les bibliothèques -- Partie 2: Encodage des
éléments de données RFID fondé sur les règles de l'ISO/CEI 15962
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 28560-2:2014
ICS:
35.040 Nabori znakov in kodiranje Character sets and
informacij information coding
35.240.30 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in information,
informatiki, dokumentiranju in documentation and
založništvu publishing
SIST ISO 28560-2:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO 28560-2:2014
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO 28560-2:2014
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 28560-2
Second edition
2014-08-15
Information and documentation —
RFID in libraries —
Part 2:
Encoding of RFID data elements based
on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
Information et documentation — RFID dans les bibliothèques —
Partie 2: Encodage des éléments de données RFID fondé sur les règles
de l’ISO/CEI 15962
Reference number
ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 28560-2:2014
ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 28560-2:2014
ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Applicability and relationship with other systems . 3
5 Requirements . 5
5.1 Data elements . 5
5.2 RFID air interface . 5
5.3 Data protocol . 5
5.4 RFID readers . 5
6 Data elements . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Primary item identifier . 7
6.3 Content parameter . 8
6.4 Owner institution (ISIL) . 8
6.5 Set information . 9
6.6 Type of usage . 9
6.7 Shelf location . 9
6.8 ONIX media format . 9
6.9 MARC media format . 9
6.10 Supplier identifier . 9
6.11 Order number . 9
6.12 ILL borrowing institution . 9
6.13 ILL transaction number .10
6.14 GS1 product identifier .10
6.15 Alternative unique item identifier .10
6.16 Local data .10
6.17 Title .10
6.18 Product identifier (local) .11
6.19 Media format (other) .11
6.20 Supply chain stage.11
6.21 Supplier invoice number .12
6.22 Alternative item identifier .12
6.23 Alternative owner institution .12
6.24 Subsidiary of an owner institution .12
6.25 Alternative ILL borrowing institution.12
6.26 Other reserved data elements.12
7 Data encoding .12
7.1 Data protocol overview .12
7.2 Data constructs .13
7.3 ISO/IEC 15961-1 commands and responses .14
7.4 ISO/IEC 15962 encoding rules .15
8 RFID tag requirements .20
8.1 Air interface protocol .20
8.2 Bit and byte sequence .21
8.3 Air interface conformance.23
8.4 Performance .23
9 Data integrity, security, and privacy issues .23
9.1 Data integrity .23
9.2 Item security .23
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST ISO 28560-2:2014
ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
10 Implementation and migration .24
Annex A (informative) Information about ISO 28560 RFID in libraries .25
Annex B (normative) Relevant ISO/IEC 15961-1 application commands .26
Annex C (normative) Pre-encoding the ISIL .29
Annex D (informative) Encoding examples.34
Annex E (informative) Implementation and migration .39
Bibliography .42
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 28560-2:2014
ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee
SC 4, Technical interoperability.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 28560-2:2011), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 28560 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information and documentation — RFID
in libraries:
— Part 1: Data elements and general guidelines for implementation
— Part 2: Encoding of RFID data elements based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
— Part 3: Fixed length encoding
The following parts are under preparation:
— Part 4: Encoding of data elements based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962 in an RFID tag with partitioned
memory [Technical Specification]
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ISO 28560-2:2014
ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
Introduction
Libraries are implementing radio frequency identification (RFID) as item identification to replace bar
codes. RFID streamlines applications like user self-service, security, and materials handling. A standard
data model for encoding information on RFID tags could increase the cost-effectiveness of the technology
within libraries, particularly through greater interoperability of RFID tags and equipment, and enhance
support for resource sharing between libraries.
Several countries have undertaken preliminary work on standardization. The Netherlands developed
a data model for public libraries and in Denmark “RFID Data Model for Libraries” has been published.
Finland has adopted the Danish model, but with a few changes. There is a French data model that differs
from the Danish and Dutch models. Other libraries in different parts of the world have installations
based on various proprietary systems offered by technology and library system suppliers. All of these
constitute the installed base of RFID systems, but only account for a small minority of the total of
libraries globally.
There is an opportunity to develop a standard data model, taking into account the lessons learned from
the national schemes and vendor solutions, and provide migration options for those libraries that have
already invested in the technology. Because new items are continually being purchased, a number of
migration options can be adopted based on factors relevant to each library.
This part of ISO 28560 deals with the encoding of data elements in a flexible manner using encoding
rules that are specified in ISO/IEC 15962. ISO 28560-1 defines the set of mandatory and optional data
elements.
ISO 28560-3 and this part of ISO 28560 are mutually exclusive with respect to an RFID tag being applied
to a loan item. In other words, the RFID tag is encoded according to the rules of this part of ISO 28560,
or to the rules of ISO 28560-3, or to some proprietary rules. Depending on the technologies being used,
and other features of tags that are claiming compliance with this part of ISO 28560, the reading system
might achieve a degree of interoperability.
This International Standard provides essential standards-based information about RFID in libraries.
Ongoing advice needs to be provided because of the evolving nature of RFID technology, and the
opportunities to migrate between different types of legacy system and encoding rules of this
International Standard.
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SIST ISO 28560-2:2014
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
Information and documentation — RFID in libraries —
Part 2:
Encoding of RFID data elements based on rules from ISO/
IEC 15962
1 Scope
This part of ISO 28560 specifies a data model and encoding rules for the use of radio frequency
identification (RFID) tags for items appropriate for the needs of all types of libraries (including national,
academic, public, corporate, special, and school libraries). The rules for encoding a subset of data
elements taken from the total set of data elements defined in ISO 28560-1 are based on ISO/IEC 15962,
which uses an object identifier structure to identify data elements.
This part of ISO 28560 defines the technical characteristics required to encode the data elements defined
in ISO 28560-1 in accordance with ISO/IEC 15962. These subsets of data elements can be different on
different items in the same library. The encoding rules also enable the optional data to be organized on
the RFID tag in any sequence. In addition, the encoding rules provide for flexible encoding of variable
length and variable format data.
This part of ISO 28560 provides essential standards-based information about RFID in libraries. A source
of additional information about implementation issues is provided in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 15961-1, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management:
Data protocol — Part 1: Application interface
ISO/IEC 15962, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management —
Data protocol: data encoding rules and logical memory functions
ISO/IEC 18000-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 3:
Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
ISO/IEC 18046-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device performance test
methods — Part 3: Test methods for tag performance
ISO/IEC/TR 18047-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test
methods — Part 3: Test methods for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
ISO 28560-1, Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Part 1: Data elements and general
guidelines for implementation
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
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3.1
access method
component of the DSFID (3.8) that is responsible for declaring the ISO/IEC 15962 compaction and
encoding rules on an RFID tag
3.2
air interface protocol
rules of communication between an RFID interrogator and the RFID tag of a particular type, covering:
frequency, modulation, bit encoding, and command sets
3.3
application command
instruction issued from the application to the ISO/IEC 15962 data protocol processor in order to initiate
an action or operation with the RFID tag(s) via the interrogator
3.4
AFI
application family identifier
mechanism used in the data protocol and the air interface protocol (3.2) to select a class of RFID tags
relevant to an application, or aspect of an application, and to ignore further communications with other
classes of RFID tags with different identifiers
3.5
arc
specific branch of an object identifier tree, with new arcs added as required to define a particular object
Note 1 to entry: The top three arcs of all object identifiers are compliant with ISO/IEC 9834-1, ensuring uniqueness.
3.6
data format
mechanism used in the data protocol to identify how object identifiers (3.11) are encoded on the RFID
tag, and (where possible) identify a particular data dictionary for the set of relevant object identifiers
for that application
Note 1 to entry: The data format declares the Root-OID (3.13) in an efficient manner, so that a complete object
identifier (3.11) can be reconstructed for external communications.
3.7
data protocol process
implementation of the processes defined in ISO/IEC 15962, including data compaction, formatting,
support of the command/response unit, and an interface to the tag driver
3.8
DSFID
data storage format identifier
code that consists of, at least, the access method (3.1) and data format (3.6)
3.9
digital vandalism
unauthorized modification of data on an RFID tag that either renders it unusable or falsely represents
another identifier
3.10
metadata
type of data or information about data
Note 1 to entry: In the context of this part of ISO 28560, metadata (3.10) can be the Relative-OID (3.12) in relation
to the data, the precursor in relation to the compacted and encoded bytes, or the AFI (3.4) and DSFID (3.8) in
relation to the data.
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ISO 28560-2:2014(E)
3.11
object identifier
value (distinguishable from all other such values), which is associated with an object
3.12
Relative-OID
particular object identifier (3.11) that constitutes the remaining arcs (3.5) after the Root-OID (3.13)
3.13
Root-OID
particular object identifier (3.11) that constitutes the first, second, and subsequent common arcs (3.5) of
a set of object identifiers (hence the common root)
3.14
tag driver
implementation of the process to transfer data between the data protocol processor and the RFID tag
4 Applicability and relationship with other systems
4.1 Figure 1 gives an overview of the relationship of this part of ISO 28560 with other systems. This
part of ISO 28560 defines a set of technical features while addressing a number of operational issues. This
part of ISO 28560 interfaces with four other activities, but with a clearly defined overlap. These other
activities are
— the circulation of library materials,
— the data requirements of publishers, printers, and other suppliers,
— the interlibrary loan processes, and
— the details of borrowers, including membership cards.
4.2 Figure 1 also shows that there is a direct relationship with supply chain activities, and internally
within the library with RFID circulation devices and the library management system including interfaces
such as SIP2 and NCIP.
As the use of RFID in libraries moves towards a more standardized approach as defined in this part of
ISO 28560, the characteristics and architecture systems change compared to those already established.
To achieve interoperability with equipment and software, the required features include
— the air interface protocol, which defines the way readers and tags communicate with one another,
— the data protocol, which defines the encoding rules that convert application-based data to the
encoded bytes on the RFID tag; the data protocol also defines metadata features in the RFID tag to
protect the integrity of RFID for library systems in relation to other RFID applications,
— the set of data elements that form the dictionary from which individual libraries can choose those
that are most appropriate for their operation.
4.3 By adopting this part of ISO 28560, libraries will have increased flexibility with a number of features
as follows.
— Beyond the minimum of mandatory data elements defined in this part of ISO 28560, libraries is able
to choose from the optional data elements those that are more appropriate to its application, even
varying these for different types of item.
— Libraries should be able to rank the optional data elements into an appropriate order for encoding
on the RFID tag to support fast transactions across the air interface.
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— Libraries have a greater choice of interoperable RFID equipment, and should be able to select RFID
tags with an appropriate size of memory.
— Some degree of choice in the types of security system becomes a library responsibility.
— Libraries with an installed base of RFID data capture is offered options on how to migrate to the
more open standard solution.
— The library community, as a whole and through developments of this part of ISO 28560, is provided
with future options to cope with changes within the RFID equipment as the technology develops.
This includes ensuring that new open systems applications do not corrupt the established base of
RFID systems in libraries.
Figure 1 — Relationship of this part of ISO 28560 with other systems
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5 Requirements
5.1 Data elements
The data elements shall be compliant with ISO 28560-1.
NOTE There is a degree of flexibility in using locally defined codes that enable enhancements and variations
to be implemented while still complying with the basic set of data elements.
5.2 RFID air interface
5.2.1 General
The air interface for compliant tags is specified in ISO/IEC 18000-3, specifically the specification for
Mode 1.
For migration purposes, additional non-compliant air interfaces used in legacy systems can be supported
during a transition period, which is permitted to remain in place for years as necessary.
5.2.2 Air interface conformance
The air interface conformance shall be tested in accordance with the procedures of ISO/IEC TR 18047-3.
5.2.3 Tag performance
Where there are requirements for testing tag performance, these shall be done in accordance with
ISO/IEC 18046-3.
5.3 Data protocol
ISO/IEC 15961-1 specifies the application commands that are used to define the communication
requirements between the application and the RFID tag. The relevant commands are described in
Annex B.
The process rules of ISO/IEC 15962 shall be used to encode and decode data from the RFID tag. In
particular, the following constraints shall apply.
— The only encoding rules shall be based on the No-directory access method. No alternative access
method shall be supported until this part of ISO 28560 is revised.
— Both the hard-coded and software-encoded DSFID shall be supported, depending on the capabilities
of the RFID tag.
5.4 RFID readers
In order to achieve interoperability, RFID readers shall be based on open architecture RFID standards
defined by ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee JTC 1/SC 31. Particular standards
...
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