CEN/TC 164/WG 3 - Effects of materials in contact with drinking water

This European Standard specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from factory made cementitious products into test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes etc., intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.

This European Standard specifies a method to determine the influence of factory made cementitious products on the odour, flavour, colour and turbidity of test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes etc. intended to be used for the transport and storage of water for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.

This document specifies a procedure to evaluate the passive behaviour of stainless steels and other passive alloys used in products intended to come into contact with drinking water.
The passive state is the reason why no relevant amounts of metals are released from such materials into the drinking water. This test is used to verify whether the alloy under consideration is passive under conditions which can occur in drinking waters.
This document is not applicable for product testing. It is only applicable for the assessment of passive behaviour of materials.

This document specifies a procedure to determine the migration of substances from non-metallic and non-cementitious site-applied materials for use in contact with water intended for human consumption.
It is applicable to site-applied materials intended to be used under various conditions for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of water intended for human consumption. It covers the extraction by water of substances from these materials after their application on site.
The document is applicable to materials whose physical or chemical properties alter during or after on-site application, such as coatings, paints, and adhesives. In addition, some site-applied materials that do not change in such a manner, e.g. greases or lubricants, are also included.

This document describes a test method for laboratory evaluation of possible adverse effects of water treatment membrane elements and modules on drinking water quality.
In principle it is applicable to microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and electrodialysis modules for use in the treatment of public water supplies and of water inside buildings.
NOTE   Such devices can vary considerably in design and operation and hence some modification of the procedures can be required.
Evaluation of the efficiency of the membrane filter in removing contaminants from the treated water is not included.

This document specifies a procedure to determine the migration of substances from ion exchange, adsorbent or hybrid resin materials for use in contact with water intended for human consumption.
Resins comprise synthetic organic macromolecular materials.
This standard is applicable to resins of the following types:
-   ion exchange resins: used to modify the composition of water (e.g. softening by removal of calcium ions). They can be in either an anionic or cationic state;
-   adsorbent resins: used to lower the concentration of undesirable substances (usually organic pollutants) from water. They are used in a neutral state;
-   hybrid adsorbers: Organic polymer based ion exchange resin or adsorbent resin with incorporated inorganic (e.g. iron hydroxide) or second organic phase. Used to lower the concentration of undesirable substances (specific inorganic or organic pollutants) from water. They can be in either an anionic, cationic or neutral state.

This European Standard specifies a procedure for obtaining a migration water to determine odour and flavour for products made from organic materials intended to come in contact with water for human consumption (drinking water) and used in piping systems. Such products include pipes, fittings, ancillaries and coatings.
This standard is applicable to products to be used under various conditions for the transport, storage and distribution of water intended for human consumption and raw water used for the manufacture of water intended for human consumption.
This standard specifies a test method comprising of a set of procedures. The use may be dependent on the relevant national regulations and/or the system or product standards.

This European Standard describes a method for detecting and identifying organic chemicals that are amenable to GC-MS analysis using the procedures described and which can migrate from a product into water intended for human consumption. This European Standard does not provide all the necessary tools to completely identify all the substances that are detected. A method of semi-quantitatively estimating the concentrations of the organic substances detected is also provided, however, concentrations should only be seen as indicative.
NOTE   The method to be used for the preparation of migration waters is specified by separate EN's, as noted below.

This European Standard specifies three methods for determining the ability of non-metallic materials to enhance the growth of micro-organisms.
This European Standard is applicable to those materials destined to be used under various conditions for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption.
The standard allows for the testing of a single type of material, or a product in which only one material is in contact with water. It is unsuitable for use with assembled products where more than one material is exposed to water.
NOTE    The results given by each method are not directly comparable.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the chlorine demand of organic materials intended for use in contact with drinking water.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made and site applied products used for the distribution, transport and storage of drinking water.
This European Standard does not cover the use of high levels of chlorine to disinfect products when they are put into service.

This European Standard specifies a procedure to determine the migration of substances from factory-made or factory-applied products for use in contact with water intended for human consumption. Materials used to make such products include plastics, rubber and glassy (porcelain/vitreous enamel) materials.
This European Standard is applicable to products intended to be used under various conditions for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of water intended for human consumption. It covers the extraction by water of substances from the finished products.

This European Standard specifies a procedure to determine the release of metals from metallic materials used in construction products intended to come into contact with drinking water ).
The test can be used for three purposes:
a)   assess a material as a reference material for a category of materials using the results of several investigations in different waters covering a broad range of water compositions;
b)   assess a material for approval by way of comparative testing;
c)   obtain data on the interaction of local water with a material.

This European Standard specifies a procedure to determine the release of nickel from nickel layers or a coating containing nickel on inner surfaces of products which are intended to come into contact with drinking water.

This European Standard describes a test method to determine the amount of lead on the surface of test specimens made from lead containing copper alloys.

This Technical Report describes a procedure, based on a diffusion model, to be applied to the estimation of specific migration of substances into drinking water from organic materials intended to come into contact with drinking water.
The modelling approach is readily applicable to certain organic materials, as explained in this report. In principle, the diffusion modelling approach is applicable to other organic materials but practical difficulties, in relation to obtaining data to feed into the diffusion model, may restrict or prevent its application. Accordingly, in addition to the diffusion model, scientific estimation procedures for the required data inputs need to be considered.
The approach is normally applicable to organic substances that are soluble in the material matrix. Substances applied externally to a product made of an organic material, e.g. antistatic agents, lubricants, etc. are excluded from the diffusion modelling approach, as are electrolytes, salts, oxides and metals. Only organic substances with well-defined molecular weight or mixtures with well-defined ranges of molecular weights are amenable to the diffusion modelling approach.
The diffusion modelling approach is readily applicable to amenable organic materials in the form of a pipe or a sheet, where data such as material thickness is readily calculable. More complicated product shapes, such as fittings, require assumptions to be made.
It may not be possible to model the effects of test waters that are chemically active, for example test waters to which chlorine has been added to simulate chlorinated drinking water. This is because substances that migrate from a material into water containing chlorine can be converted by chemical reaction into substances with different properties.

This European Standard defines the requirements for test waters used in the dynamic test rig defined in EN 15664-1.
This document specifies test water(s) when the test procedure is used to:
a)   assess a material for approval as a reference material for a category of materials;
b)   assess a material for approval by way of comparative testing;
c)   obtain data on the interaction of local water with a material.
NOTE   Local waters used for test waters are not treated with corrosion inhibitors.

This European Standard specifies a test method for determining the organoleptic properties (odour, flavour, colour and turbidity) of test waters after their contact with products made from organic materials used in storage systems (tanks, reservoirs, ancillaries and their coatings both for factory and site applied products).
Products containing cementitious materials are not covered by this standard.
The test method described in this standard is applicable to products to be used under various conditions for the storage of water intended for human consumption and raw water used for the manufacture of water intended for human consumption. Coatings or protective layers on products which are not intended to be in contact with these types of waters are not covered by this method.
This standard specifies the test method comprising a set of procedures with and without a disinfection pretreatment and possible temperatures for the test waters. The use of the disinfection pretreatment and the choice of the test temperature are dependant on the relevant national regulations and/or the system or product standards.

This standard specifies a method for determining the colour and turbidity of test waters after their contact with the organic materials used in piping systems. The term 'products' comprises pipes, fittings, ancillaries including their coatings and joints.
The test method described in this standard is applicable to products to be used under various conditions for the transport of water intended for human consumption and raw water used for the manufacture of water intended for human consumption. Coatings or protective layers on products which are not intended to be in contact with these types of water are not covered by this method.
This standard specifies the test method comprising a set of procedures with and without a disinfection pretreatment and possible temperatures for the test waters. The use of the disinfection pretreatment and the choice of the test temperature are dependant on the relevant national regulations and/or the system or product standards.

This document specifies a procedure to determine the release of metals from metallic materials used in products intended to come into contact with drinking water.
The test can be used for three purposes:
a)   To assess a material as a reference material for a new category of materials by metal release testing using the results of several investigations in different waters covering a broad range of water compositions;
b)   To assess a material for an existing category for approval by way of metal release testing using the water defined in part 2, which exhibited the highest metal release when the reference material of the category was tested;
c)   To obtain data on the interaction of local water with a material.

This document specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from hardened cement based site-applied or site-formed materials (including pre-packaged mortars) into test waters after contact with the products. It also covers determination of migration from individual constituents of cement based products and materials (see Annexes A and B) and from associated non-cement based products for approval purposes (see Annex C).
Site-applied or site-formed cement based materials which cannot be cast as cubes or prisms e.g. some spray applied systems, fall in the scope of EN 14944−3 and not under this standard.
This document is applicable to site-applied or site-formed cement based materials intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water. It is also applicable to individual constituents of cement based products/materials and to associated non-cement based products/materials.
NOTE   Tests with the specified test water will not necessarily be representative of materials used in different kinds of waters and especially very soft waters.

This document specifies a method to determine the influence of site-applied cement based materials and associated non-cement based products/materials (including pre-packaged mortars) on the odour, flavour, colour, turbidity and total organic carbon (TOC) of test waters after contact with the products.
This document is applicable to site-applied or site-formed cement based materials intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water. It is also applicable to individual constituents of cement based products/materials and to associated non-cement based products/materials.
Site-applied or site-formed cement based materials which cannot be cast as cubes or prisms e.g. some spray applied systems, should be tested as factory made cement based products according to EN 14944−1.
NOTE   Tests with the specified test water will not necessarily be representative of materials used in different kinds of waters and especially very soft waters.

This European Standard specifies a method to determine the potential migration of substances from hardened cementitious site-applied or site-formed materials (including pre-packaged mortars) into test waters. It also covers determination of migration from individual constituents of cementitious products and materials and from associated non-cementitious products for approval purposes (see Annex C).
Site-applied or site-formed cementitious materials which cannot be cast as cubes or prisms, e.g. some spray applied systems, should be tested as factory made cementitious products according to EN 14944-3.
This European Standard is applicable to site-applied or site-formed cementitious materials intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water. It is also applicable to individual constituents of cementitious products and materials and to associated non cementitious products and materials.

This European Standard specifies a method to determine the influence of factory made cementitious products on the odour, flavour, colour and turbidity of test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes etc. intended to be used for the transport and storage of water for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.

This European Standard specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from factory made cementitious products into test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes, etc., intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.

test method provides information on metal release over time from metallic materials into drinking wtaer

This European Standard specifies a method to determine the influence of factory made cementitious products on the odour, flavour, colour and turbidity of test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes etc. intended to be used for the transport and storage of water for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.

This European Standard specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from factory made cementitious products into test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes, etc., intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.

This European Standard specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from factory made cementitious products into test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes etc., intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.

This European Standard specifies a method to determine the influence of factory made cementitious products on the odour, flavour, colour and turbidity of test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes etc. intended to be used for the transport and storage of water for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.

This European Standard specifies a procedure to evaluate the passive behaviour of stainless steels used in construction products intended to come into contact with drinking water.
The passive state of stainless steels is the reason why no relevant amounts of metals are released from these materials into the drinking water. This test is used to verify whether the stainless steel under consideration is passive under conditions which can occur in drinking waters.

This European Standard specifies a procedure to determine the migration of substances from non-metallic and non-cementitious site-applied materials for use in contact with water intended for human consumption.
It is applicable to site-applied materials intended to be used under various conditions for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of water intended for human consumption. It covers the extraction by water of constituents from these materials after their application on site.
The standard is applicable to materials whose physical or chemical properties alter during or after on-site application, such as coatings, paints, and adhesives. In addition, some site-applied materials that do not change in such a manner, e.g. greases or lubricants, are also included.

This European standard describes a test method for laboratory evaluation of possible adverse effects of water treatment membranes on drinking water quality.
In principle it is applicable to microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and electrodialysis modules for use in the treatment of public water supplies and of water inside buildings.
NOTE   Such devices can vary considerably in design and operation and hence some modification of the procedures may be required.
Evaluation of the efficiency of the membrane filter in removing contaminants from the treated water is not included.

This European Standard specifies a procedure to determine the migration of substances from ion exchange and adsorbent resin materials for use in contact with water intended for human consumption.
Resins comprise synthetic organic macromolecular materials.
The standard is applicable to resins of the following types:
¾   Ion exchange resins: used to modify the composition of water (e.g. softening by removal of calcium ions). They can be in either an anionic or cationic state.
¾   Adsorbent resins: used to lower the concentration of undesirable substances (usually organic pollutants) from water. They are used in a neutral state.

This standard specifies a test method for determining the odour and flavour of test waters after their contact with the organic materials used in piping systems, where the term products comprises pipes, fittings and ancillaries including their coatings and joints. The test method described in this standard is applicable to products to be used under various conditions for the transport of water in ended for human consumption and raw water used for the manufacture of water intended for human consumption.

This standard specifies a method for determining the chlorine demand of organic materials intended for use in contact with drinking water.
The standard is applicable to factory made and site applied products used for the distribution, transport and storage of drinking water.
The standard does not cover the use of high levels of chlorine to disinfect products when they are put into service.

This European Standard specifies a procedure to determine the migration of substances from non-metallic and non-cementitious factory made or factory applied products for use in contact with water intended for human consumption.
This standard is applicable to products intended to be used under various conditions for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of water intended for human consumption. It covers the extraction by water of substances from the finished products.