CEN/TC 189/WG 3 - Mechanical testing

This document describes a procedure for producing mechanical damage to geotextiles and geotextile-related products due only to compaction of soil or other materials. The damage is assessed visually and by the loss of tensile strength or other reference tests used to assess the damage caused by this procedure.
The method described is a full-scale test procedure, using a range of fills and compaction methods, and for the derivation of a reduction factor for installation damage for geotextiles and geotextile-related products.
This document excludes geosynthetic barriers and products used in pavements and asphalt overlays.

This document specifies index test methods for determining the compressive creep properties of geosynthetic products. The test specimens are subjected either to normal compressive loading or to a combination of normal compressive loading and shear loading.
The test method with a normal load only (see Clause 5) is the standard method.
The test method in which combined normal and shear loads are applied (see Clause 6) is intended for products that are sensitive to shear failure, i.e. which have a columnar or cuspated structure.
The tests are carried out on dry specimens or on specimens immersed in water. The test is intended to be carried out with the specimen immersed in water when any part of the geosynthetic product contains a hydrophilic polymer.

This document specifies test methods for the determination of tensile properties of polymeric geosynthetic barriers PE (e.g. PE-HD and PE-LLD), FPO (e.g. EVA, FPP, and PE-VLD), PVC-P and EPDM.
Method A is suitable for testing polymeric geosynthetic barriers (GBR-P), made of PVC-P, EPDM and FPO (e.g. EVA, FPP and PE-VLD), non-reinforced (including maximum 80gsm glass fleece) and without backing.
Method B is suitable for testing polymeric geosynthetic barriers (GBR-P) made of PE (e.g. PE-HD and PE-LLD), non-reinforced and without backing.
Method C is suitable for testing polymeric geosynthetic barriers (GBR-P), reinforced and/or with backing.
Method D is suitable for measuring modulus (if required) of all non-reinforced GBR-P.
NOTE   For homogenous polymers not listed above, method A and D can be used.

This document describes index test methods for the determination of the strength of internal structural junctions of geocells under different loading conditions.

This document specifies an index test method to determine the friction characteristics of geosynthetics in contact with a standard sand as described in EN 196-1, i.e. with a specified density and moisture content, under a normal stress and at a constant rate of displacement, using a direct shear apparatus.
The same testing procedure can be used with any type of soil with the density and moisture content that are required to evaluate the performance under specific conditions or with another geosynthetic under a normal stress and at a constant rate of displacement, using a direct shear apparatus.
The procedure can also be used for testing geosynthetic barriers.

ISO 9863-1:2016 specifies a method for the determination of the thickness of geosynthetics at specified pressures and specified load plate areas or under specified point loads. It defines the pressures or the load at which the thickness is determined.
The test results are intended for identification purposes and for use in technical data sheets and/or as part of other test methods, e.g. tests of hydraulic properties.
The method is applicable to all geosynthetics.

This European Standard is an index test used to determine the efficiency with which a geosynthetic product will protect a geosynthetic barrier or other contact surface against the mechanical long term effects of static point loads.
The test is performed on the geosynthetic product in isolation. It measures the strains experienced by a geosynthetic product in contact with a deformable pad.
NOTE   Other properties relevant to the protection of geosynthetic barriers against differing actions are covered by other standards, e.g. dynamic perforation is covered in EN ISO 13433.
A related performance test simulating specific site conditions is described in Annex B (informative).

ISO 25619-2:2015 specifies an index test method for determining the short-term compressive behaviour of geosynthetics. It can be used to determine the deformation behaviour under short-term compressive stress, e.g. after exposure to stress, liquids, or light.
ISO 25619-2. 2015 can be used for quality control purposes. It is not intended to be used for design purposes.

This European Standard specifies an index test method to determine the puncture resistance of a geosynthetic on a rigid support.
This method simulates the efficiency of a geosynthetic protecting a geosynthetic barrier material or another contact surface against sharp rigid elements under short term loading.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of bi-axial properties (burst strength) of geosynthetics.
This method applies to geotextiles, geosynthetic barriers and their related products. It applies to clay geosynthetic barriers only when tested in dry conditions.

ISO 10321:2008 specifies an index test method for determination of the tensile properties of joints and seams in geosynthetics, using a wide-width strip. The method is applicable to most geosynthetics. It is also applicable to geogrids, but the specimen dimensions may need to be altered. This test is not applicable to polymeric or bituminous geosynthetic barriers.
The method specified in ISO 10321:2008 quantifies the tensile strength of a joint or seam between geosynthetics. It can provide data to indicate the joint or seam tensile strength which can be achieved.
Procedures for measuring the tensile properties of both conditioned and wet specimens are included.

ISO 12236:2006 specifies a method for the determination of the puncture resistance by measuring the force required to push a flat-ended plunger through geosynthetics.
The test is normally carried out on dry specimens conditioned in the specified atmosphere. The test is applicable to most types of products, but not to materials with apertures greater than 10 mm.

ISO 13433:2006 specifies a method to determine the resistance of geosynthetics to penetration by a steel cone dropped from a fixed height. The degree of penetration is an indication of the behaviour of the geosynthetic when sharp stones are dropped on its surface.
The method is generally applicable to geosynthetics. However, the validity of this test for some types of products should be considered carefully, as the test principle may not be applicable.

ISO 13426-2:2005 describes index tests for determining the strength of the internal structural junctions of all geocomposites and of clay geosynthetic barriers.

ISO 12957-2:2005 describes a method of determining the friction characteristics of geosynthetics (geotextiles and geotextile-related products, geosynthetic barriers), in contact with soils, at low normal stress, using an inclining plane apparatus.
This method is primarily intended as a performance test to be used with site-specific soils but may also be used as an index test with standard sand.
Test data obtained for geogrids tested with a rigid support are not necessarily realistic as the results depend on the friction support.

The standard specifies a method for determining the resistance of geotextiles and geotextile-related products to pullout from soil using a laboratory pullout box. The procedure is to provide data relating to the development of friction on materials used primarily for soil reinforcement. The test method described is a performance test procedure to be carried out using site specific soils.

ISO 13428:2005 describes an index test for the determination of the protection efficiency of a geosynthetic on a hard surface, exposed to the impact load of a hemispherical object.
The index test measures the change in thickness of a thin lead plate lying between the geosynthetic and a rigid support.

This Standard specifies a method for determining the tensile creep and creep rupture behaviour of geotextiles and geotextile-related products in an unconfined situation. Application of this standard is limited to those products and applications where the risk of collapse of a structure due to premature failure or to strain/time variation of the reinforcement under constant load is of essential importance.

ISO 25619-1:2008 specifies index test methods for determining the compressive creep properties of geosynthetic products. The test specimens are subjected either to normal compressive loading or to a combination of normal compressive loading and shear loading.

This standard describes index test methods for the determination of the strength of internal structural junctions of geocells under different loading conditions.

ISO 12957-1:2005 describes a method of determining the friction characteristics of geotextiles and geotextile-related products in contact with a standard sand, i.e. sand with a specified density and moisture content, under a normal stress and at a constant rate of displacement, using a direct shear apparatus.
The procedure can also be used for testing geosynthetic barriers.

This European Standard is an index test used to determine the efficiency with which a geotextile or geotextile related product will protect a geomembrane or other contact surface against the mechanical long term effects of static point loads. The test is performed on the geotextile or geotextile related product in contact with a deformable pad. NOTE: Other properties relevant to the protection of geomembranes against differing actions are covered by other standards e.g. dynamic perforation is covered in EN 918. A related performance test simulating specific site conditions is described in Annex B.

ISO 25619-2:2008 specifies an index test method for determining the short-term compressive behaviour of geosynthetics. It can be used to determine the deformation behaviour under short-term compressive stress, e.g. after exposure to stress, liquids or light.
ISO 25619-2:2008 can be used for quality control purposes. It is not intended to be used for design purposes.

ISO 10319:2008 describes an index test method for the determination of the tensile properties of geosynthetics, using a wide-width strip. The method is applicable to most geosynthetics, including woven geotextiles, nonwoven geotextiles, geocomposites, knitted geotextiles and felts. The method is also applicable to geogrids and similar open-structure geotextiles, but specimen dimensions might need to be altered. This test is not applicable to polymeric or bituminous geosynthetic barriers, while it is applicable to clay geosynthetic barriers.
The tensile test method covers the measurement of load elongation characteristics and includes procedures for the calculation of secant stiffness, maximum load per unit width and strain at maximum load. Singular points on the load-extension curve are also indicated.
Procedures for measuring the tensile properties of both conditioned and wet specimens are included in ISO 10319:2008.

This document specifies an index test method to determine the puncture resistance of a geosynthetic on a rigid support.
This method simulates the efficiency of a geosynthetic protecting a geosynthetic barrier material or an other contact surface against sharp rigid elements under short term loading.
Annex A (informative) specifies a test method which could be applicable to a soft support.

This standard specifies a test method for the determination of the resistance of geotextiles to abrasion using a sliding block. After abrasion the loss in tensile properties is determined. The method is applicable to woven and nonwoven geotextiles and geotextile-related products.

This standard describes methods for determining the compressive creep behaviour of geotextiles and geotextile-related products by measurement of the rate of change of thickness with respect to time.

This standard describes an index test method for the determination of the tensile properties (tensile strength, strain at failure, secant stiffness) of geotextiles and geotextile-related products, by using a wide width strip

This standard describes an index test method for the determination of the tensile properties (tensile strength) of joints or seams for geotextiles and geotextile-related products, using a wide width strip.

This European prestandard describes a procedure for damaging geosynthetics in the laboratory to simulate site damage during installation when a geosynthetic is laid between two layers of compacted granular material. The damage is assessed visually and by the loss in tensile strength. Other reference test may be used to assess the damage caused by this test. The test method described is an index test procedure. This prestandard is part 1 of a series of 2 prestandards.

This European standard specifies the determination of the puncture resistance by measuring the force required to push a flat ended plunger through geotextiles and geotextile-related products. The test is normally carried out and dry specimens conditioned in the specified atmosphere. Alternatively, on request, the test can be carried out on wet specimens. The test is applicable to most types of products, but not to materials with apertures greater than 10 mm.

This European standard specifies the determination of the resistance of geotextiles and geotextile-related products to the penetration by a steel cone dropped from a fixed height. The degree of penetration is an indication of the behaviour of the product likely to be caused by dropping sharp stones onto the geotextile surface. The method is generally applicable to geotextiles and geotextile-related products.

This Standard describes methods for determining the compressive creep behaviour of geotexiles and geotextile-related products by measurement of the rate of change of thickness with respect to time. The test specimens can be subjected either to normal compressive loading or to a combination of normal compressive loading and shear loading. Products which are to be used for carrying water in the plane of the product and which are to be subsequently tested for this function, must be tested according to the procedure using a combination of normal and shear loading (see clause 6).