ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 36/WG 4 - Management and delivery

This document specifies potential directions for using immersive technologies in learning, education, and training (LET) and provides suggestions on what can be standardized for this purpose. For the purposes of this document, immersive technologies include augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality or merged reality (MR). This document does not apply to technologies such as metaverse, digital twin and extended reality (XR).

This document specifies a framework to describe and organize learning resources in ubiquitous learning. It provides features to enable dynamic aggregation of resources in different learning contexts, in which the social interactions are recorded to facilitate social learning. The features that reflect the evolutionary history of resources based on learners’ contributions are also defined. The framework includes an aggregation model, content organization, context-aware learning services, and learning cell service provider.

This document describes how to search for virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) content through a curriculum catalogue based on curriculum and achievement standards information. The curriculum catalogue metadata is defined in order to search for educational VR and MR content information.

This document provides RDF mappings of the different MLR entities introduced in the MLR framework (ISO/IEC 19788‑1 and its amendment): data element specifications (DESs), resource classes (RCs), data elements (DEs), application profiles (APs), MLR records and data element group specifications (DEGSs). This document associates HTTP IRIs (linguistically neutral and linguistic) to conceptual MLR entities denoted by MLR identifiers. This is needed for the management of MLR entities and their versions. Moreover, this document provides excerpts of an OWL 2 DL ontology for the resource classes and data element specifications (properties) introduced in the ISO/IEC 19788 series.

ISO/IEC TR 19788-11:2017 provides guidance in the form of rules and heuristics for the development of a conversion script from an IEEE 1484.12.1-2002 (LOM) record to an MLR data element set. Not all of LOM can be mapped to the MLR. As more parts are added to the ISO/IEC 19788 series, future version of this document is expected to provide a better coverage of the LOM metadata.

ISO/IEC 19788-9:2015 provides data elements for the description of persons (individual or organization) that are related to the description of a learning resource. These elements can later be combined with other descriptive elements from other type 1 parts of ISO/IEC 19788 or other standards to provide the description of a learning resource and of related entities needed for that description.

ISO/IEC 19788-8:2015 provides data elements for the description of MLR records: sets of data elements describing a learning resource [and resources directly related to that learning resource, e.g. persons (authors, contributors), annotations, learning activities, metadata records, etc.]. It can also be used to keep track of the record editing process including global metadata author identification, last record update, and application profile used for the description of a learning resource. These elements can later be combined with other descriptive elements from other parts of ISO/IEC 19788 or other standards to provide the description of a learning resource and of related entities needed for that description. ISO/IEC 19788-8:2015 enables the storage of learning resource description in the traditional database approach and the exchange of descriptions through harvesting mechanisms.

ISO/IEC 19788-4:2014 specifies, in a rule-based manner, metadata elements and their attributes for the description of learning resources. This includes the rules governing the identification of metadata elements and the specification of metadata attributes. These metadata elements are used to form the description of a learning resource, i.e. as a metadata learning resource (MLR) record. This part of ISO/IEC 19788 specifies, using ISO/IEC 19788-1, technical aspects of learning resources, i.e., requirements for use, location, size, etc.

ISO/IEC 19788 specifies, in a rule-based manner, metadata elements and their attributes for the description of learning resources. This includes the rules governing the identification of metadata elements and the specification of metadata attributes. These metadata elements are used to form the description of a learning resource, i.e. as a metadata learning resource (MLR) record. ISO/IEC 19788-5:2012 specifies, using the framework specified in ISO/IEC 19788-1, educational aspects of learning resources across various educational, cultural and linguistic settings.

ISO/IEC TR 12785-3:2012 presents use cases and shows how they are satisfied by ISO/IEC 12785-1 which is derived from the IMS Global Learning Consortium (GLC) Content Packaging version 1.2 (v1.2).

The primary purpose of ISO/IEC 19788 is to specify metadata elements and their attributes for the description of learning resources. This includes the rules governing the identification of data elements and the specification of their attributes. ISO/IEC 19788 provides data elements for the description of learning resources and resources directly related to learning resources. ISO/IEC 19788-3:2011 is designed to help implementers with a starting point for adopting ISO/IEC 19788, defining an application profile that specifies, through adding constraints to the use of some data elements, how the ISO/IEC 19788-2 element set can be used.

ISO/IEC 12785-2:2011 specifies how to express the ISO/IEC 12785-1 information model in XML.

ISO/IEC 19788 specifies metadata elements and their attributes for the description of learning resources. ISO/IEC 19788-2:2011 provides a base-level data element set for the description of learning resources, from the ISO 15836:2009 Dublin Core metadata element set, using the framework provided in ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011. Those data elements being cast into the metadata learning resources framework can be used with data elements defined in other parts, in order to address specific user communities' needs for extensions, modularization or refinement.

The primary purpose of ISO/IEC 19788 is to specify metadata elements and their attributes for the description of learning resources. This includes the rules governing the identification of data elements and the specification of their attributes. ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011 provides data elements for the description of learning resources and resources directly related to learning resources. ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011 provides principles, rules and structures for the specification of the description of a learning resource; it identifies and specifies the attributes of a data element as well as the rules governing their use. The key principles stated in ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011 are informed by a user requirements-driven context with the aim of supporting multilingual and cultural adaptability requirements from a global perspective. ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011 is information-technology-neutral and defines a set of common approaches, i.e. methodologies and constructs, which apply to the development of the subsequent parts of ISO/IEC 19788.

ISO/IEC 12785-1:2009 defines the data structures that can be used to exchange language, education and training (LET) content among systems that wish to import, export, aggregate, and disaggregate packages of LET content. It illustrates the conceptual structure of the Content Packaging Information Model and defines the structural relationships, data-type, value-space, and number of occurrences permitted for each kind of information object.