prEN 18222
(Main)Digital Product Passport - Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) for the product passport lifecycle management and searchability
Digital Product Passport - Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) for the product passport lifecycle management and searchability
This document aims to standardize the specifications for the API of the Digital Product Passport (DPP) as mandated by the ESPR of the European Commission. The purpose of this API is to facilitate the searchability of DPPs, as well as to provide the necessary means for interactions throughout the lifecycle of a product's DPP.
Digitaler Produktpass - Programmierschnittstellen (APIs) für das Lebenszyklusmanagement und die Durchsuchbarkeit vom Produktpass
Dieses Dokument soll die Spezifikationen für die API des digitalen Produktpasses (DPP) wie von der ESPR der Europäischen Kommission vorgeschrieben standardisieren. Der Zweck dieser API besteht darin, die Durchsuchbarkeit von DPPs zu verbessern und die erforderlichen Mittel für Interaktionen während des gesamten Lebensweges des DPP eines Produkts bereitzustellen.
Passeport numérique des produits - Interfaces de programmation d'applications (API) pour la gestion du cycle de vie et la recherchabilité du passeport d'un produit
Le présent document vise à normaliser les spécifications de l'API du passeport numérique de produit (DPP), tel que requis par le Règlement ESPR de la Commission européenne. L'objectif de ces API est de faciliter l’accès aux DPP, ainsi que de fournir les moyens nécessaires pour les interactions tout au long du cycle de vie du DPP d'un produit.
Digitalni potni list izdelka - Programski aplikacijski vmesniki (API) za upravljanje življenjskega cikla in možnost iskanja potnega lista proizvodov
General Information
- Status
- Not Published
- Publication Date
- 21-May-2026
- Technical Committee
- JTC 24 - Digital Product Passport (DPP)
- Drafting Committee
- WG 4 - Interoperability framework
- Current Stage
- 4060 - Closure of enquiry - Enquiry
- Start Date
- 18-Sep-2025
- Due Date
- 19-Sep-2025
- Completion Date
- 18-Sep-2025
Overview
prEN 18222 (CEN draft) defines the Digital Product Passport (DPP) API specifications required by the European Sustainability Product Regulation (ESPR). The standard specifies a technology‑neutral set of methods to enable lifecycle management, searchability and registration of DPPs. A REST/HTTP mapping is provided in the draft to guide developers on practical implementation.
Key Topics
- Purpose: Standardize interfaces to read, create, update, delete and discover DPPs across custodians, service providers and archiving services.
- Main API methods (as specified): ReadDPPById, ReadDPPByProductId, ReadDPPIdsByProductIds, CreateDPP, UpdateDPPById, DeleteDPPById, ReadDPPVersionByProductIdAndDate, and PostNewDPPToRegistry.
- Fine‑grained operations: Support for reading and updating specific data element collections and single data elements (for partial updates and targeted queries).
- Inputs / outputs: Methods uniformly return a statusCode and payload (DPP or identifiers). Discovery endpoints support pagination via limit and cursor.
- Lifecycle & registry: Includes a Registry API method (PostNewDPPToRegistry) to register DPPs with the EC registry and return a registry identifier.
- Security, archiving & interoperability: The draft references Modules for payload content, exchange protocols, security requirements and archiving (Module 4, 5, 6, 7). Access control governs create/update/delete operations; archiving requirements apply to all DPP changes.
- Implementation guidance: The draft provides REST/HTTPS mappings and cites RFCs (e.g., RFC 7396 and RFC 5261 referenced in the text) as possible guidance for partial update semantics and message handling.
Applications
- Manufacturers & brand owners: Expose product sustainability data and lifecycle records via a standardized DPP API to meet ESPR obligations.
- Marketplaces & retailers: Discover and retrieve current DPPs for product listings, compliance checks and consumer transparency.
- Service providers / custodians: Host, update and archive DPPs; implement registry integration and provide searchability.
- Regulators & auditors: Query registered DPPs and historical versions for compliance verification.
- Developers / integrators: Implement REST/HTTP services conforming to the API mapping to ensure interoperability across the DPP ecosystem.
Related Standards
- ESPR (European Sustainability Product Regulation) - legal mandate motivating the DPP.
- CEN/CLC/JTC 24 outputs - the technical committee producing this draft.
- Module documents referenced in the draft: Module 4 (content), Module 5 (data exchange protocols), Module 6 (archiving), Module 7 (security).
Keywords: Digital Product Passport, DPP API, ESPR, lifecycle management, searchability, registry API, REST API, product lifecycle.
Frequently Asked Questions
prEN 18222 is a draft published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Digital Product Passport - Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) for the product passport lifecycle management and searchability". This standard covers: This document aims to standardize the specifications for the API of the Digital Product Passport (DPP) as mandated by the ESPR of the European Commission. The purpose of this API is to facilitate the searchability of DPPs, as well as to provide the necessary means for interactions throughout the lifecycle of a product's DPP.
This document aims to standardize the specifications for the API of the Digital Product Passport (DPP) as mandated by the ESPR of the European Commission. The purpose of this API is to facilitate the searchability of DPPs, as well as to provide the necessary means for interactions throughout the lifecycle of a product's DPP.
prEN 18222 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.020.20 - Environmental economics. Sustainability; 35.240.63 - IT applications in trade. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
prEN 18222 is associated with the following European legislation: Standardization Mandates: M/604, M/604 AMD 1. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase prEN 18222 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2025
Digitalni potni list za proizvode - Programski aplikacijski vmesniki (API) za
upravljanje življenjskega cikla in možnost iskanja potnega lista proizvodov
Digital Product Passport - Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) for the product
passport lifecycle management and searchability
Digitaler Produktpass - Programmierschnittstellen (APIs) für das
Lebenszyklusmanagement und die Durchsuchbarkeit vom Produktpass
Passeport numérique des produits - Interfaces de programmation d'applications (API)
pour la gestion du cycle de vie et la recherchabilité du passeport d'un produit
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 18222
ICS:
13.020.20 Okoljska ekonomija. Environmental economics.
Trajnostnost Sustainability
35.240.63 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in trade
trgovini
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD DRAFT
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2025
ICS 13.020.20; 35.240.63
English version
Digital Product Passport - Application Programming
Interfaces (APIs) for the product passport lifecycle
management and searchability
Passeports numériques de produit - interfaces de Digitaler Produktpass -
programmation d'applications (API) pour la gestion du Anwendungsprogrammierschnittstellen (APIs) für die
cycle de vie et la recherchabilité du passeport d'un Lebenszyklusverwaltung, Auffindbarkeit und
produit Durchsuchbarkeit des Produktpasses
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/CLC/JTC 24.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any
alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN and CENELEC in three official versions (English, French, German). A
version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language
and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification
of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Specification of the Life Cycle API (Main Methods) . 6
4.1 General . 6
4.2 Method ReadDPPById . 6
4.3 Method ReadDPPByProductId . 6
4.4 Method ReadDPPVersionByProductIdAndDate . 7
4.5 Method ReadDPPIdsByProductIds . 7
4.6 Method CreateDPP . 8
4.7 Method UpdateDPPById . 8
4.8 Method DeleteDPPById . 9
5 Specification of the Registry API for Register . 9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 Method PostNewDPPToRegistry . 9
6 Specification of the Fine Granular API Operations of the Life Cycle API . 10
6.1 General . 10
6.2 Method ReadDataElementCollection . 10
6.3 Method ReadDataElement . 10
6.4 Method UpdateDataElementCollection . 11
6.5 Method UpdateDataElement . 11
7 Status Code, Error Handling & Result Messages . 12
8 Mappings . 13
8.1 General . 13
8.2 HTTPS/REST for Life Cycle API . 13
8.3 HTTPS/REST for Register API for Register . 14
8.4 HTTPS/REST for Fine Granular Life Cycle API . 14
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the ecodesign
requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 2024/1781 aimed to be covered . 15
Bibliography . 17
European foreword
This document (prEN 18222:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/CLC/JTC 24
"Digital Product Passport – Framework and System", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Introduction
The European Sustainability Product Regulation (ESPR) is an initiative by the European Commission
aimed at promoting sustainable products by setting comprehensive requirements for product design,
production, and lifecycle management. Central to this initiative is the Digital Product Passport (DPP),
which tracks and provides essential information about a product's sustainability attributes. Beside of
that also other data can be stored in a DPP depending on future delegated acts and the needs of economic
operators.
This document introduces the spécifications for the API of the DPP, as mandated by the ESPR. The API
is designed to enhance the searchability of DPPs and to support interactions throughout the lifecycle of
a product's DPP. Furthermore, it also provides an API to register a DPP at the DPP registry.
The API methods are presented on a technology-neutral level, detailing the expected inputs and outputs
for each method. A detailed technological implementation using a REST-HTTP API is described in the
Clause 9, providing guidelines for developers to implement the functionality effectively within their
spécific environments.
The spécification document of Module 4 “System Interoperability” describes the logical content of the
payload that is used by the API. Module 5 “Data Exchange Protocols” définés the basic principles of the
exchange protocol and the allowed serialization formats of the payload data. Security requirements
need to be followed based on the spécification document of Module 7.
1 Scope
This document aims to standardize the spécifications for the API of the Digital Product Passport (DPP)
as mandated by the ESPR of the European Commission. The purpose of this API is to facilitate the
searchability of DPPs, as well as to provide the necessary means for interactions throughout the lifecycle
of a product's DPP.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and définitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
API
application programming interface
set of methods provided by an application component for use by other application components
3.1.1
REST API
representational state transfer application programming interface
service that allows for interaction with resources via a stateless, client-server architecture, typically
using standard HTTP calls like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE to perform methods by an application
component on these resources
3.2
digital product passport
DPP
digital record of product characteristics throughout its life cycle
Note 1 to entry: Example characteristics include environmental sustainability, environmental impact, and
recyclability
3.3
method
particular way used to perform a spécific action on a resource
EXAMPLE Read a DPP.
3.4
parameter
data provided by a client, that is needed to perform a method
EXAMPLE DPP ID for read DPP.
3.5
result
return value after the execution of a method
EXAMPLE The DPP.
4 Specification of the Life Cycle API (Main Methods)
4.1 General
In this clause only the API methods as can be made available by the custodian of a DPP (either economic
operator or service provider) is contained. This methods are spécifiéd in abstract manner, the precise
implementation is provided in Clause 8, which also contains information how the input and output
parameters are provided.
The following methods shall be made available by the custodian of DPPs and by archiving services:
— ReadDPPById
— ReadDPPByProductId
— ReadDPPIdsByProductIds
The following methods should be made available by a service provider of DPPs and by archiving services:
— CreateDPP
— DeleteDPPById
— ReadDPPVersionByProductIdAndDate
The following methods shall be made available by the custodian of DPPs if authorized third parties shall
have the access rights to update parts of the DPP:
— UpdateDPP
In case of archiving services no update of DPPs is requested any longer.
In principal, the DPP API will offer these set of methods, that is requested with some parameters,
performing a behaviour (e.g. execution an action), and responding with a result. These expectations are
formally described for each method in the following subclauses.
4.2 Method ReadDPPById
This method returns the DPP through a known DPP idéntifiér. See Table 1.
Table 1 — ReadDPPById
Method Name ReadDPPById
Explanation Returns the DPP with the spécifiéd DPP ID
semanticId https://jtc24/dpp/API/ReadDPPById/1/0
Name Description Mand. Type Card.
Input Parameter
dppIdéntifiér The DPP’s unique ID yes Idéntifiér 1
Output Parameter
statusCode Status code yes StatusCode 1
payload Requested DPP yes DPP 1
4.3 Method ReadDPPByProductId
This method returns the current active DPP (latest version) through a known product idéntifiér. See
Table 2.
Table 2 — ReadDPPByProductId
Method Name ReadDPPByProductId
Explanation Returns the current active DPP with the spécifiéd Product ID
semanticId https://jtc24/dpp/API/ReadDPPByProductId/1/0
Name Description Mand. Type Card.
Input Parameter
productIdéntifiér Product ID yes Idéntifiér 1
Output Parameter
statusCode Status code yes StatusCode 1
payload Requested DPP yes DPP 1
4.4 Method ReadDPPVersionByProductIdAndDate
This method returns a DPP based on its product idéntifiér and given date. The method is optional for
the economic operator. See Table 3.
Table 3 — ReadDPPVersionByProductIdAndDate
Method Name ReadDPPVersionByProductIdAndDate
Explanation Returns a DPP version based on its product idéntifiér and given date
semanticId https://jtc24/dpp/API/ReadDPPVersionByProductIdAndDate/1/0
Name Description Mand. Type Card.
Input Parameter
productIdéntifiér Product ID yes Idéntifiér 1
date Date value for which yes Timestamp (UTC- 1
the DPP is requested based)
Output Parameter
statusCode Status code yes StatusCode 1
payload Requested DPP yes DPP 1
4.5 Method ReadDPPIdsByProductIds
This method returns a list of DPP idéntifiérs that matches a set of product idéntifiérs.
The input parameters "limit" and "cursor" can be set by the client to control pagination. The value of
the cursor shall not be empty. See Table 4.
Table 4 — ReadDPPIdsByProductIds
Method Name ReadDPPIdsByProductIds
Explanation Returns a list of DPP idéntifiérs based on discovery information (key-value-pairs of
product idéntifiying information)
semanticId https://jtc24/dpp/API/ReadDPPIdsByProductIds/1/0
Name Description Mand. Type Card.
Input Parameter
productId Product IDs yes Idéntifiér 1
limit The maximum size of no nonNegativeInteger 1
the result set
cursor The position from no string 1
which to resume a
result listing
p
...
La norme prEN 18222, intitulée "Digital Product Passport - Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) for the product passport lifecycle management and searchability", joue un rôle fondamental dans le cadre des systèmes de gestion du cycle de vie des produits et de leur accessibilité. Sa portée se concentre sur l'établissement de spécifications standardisées pour les API du Digital Product Passport (DPP), conformément aux exigences de l'ESPR de la Commission européenne. Cette initiative vise à promouvoir une harmonisation qui facilitera non seulement la recherche des DPP, mais également l'interaction tout au long du cycle de vie de ces passeports numériques. Parmi les points forts de cette norme, on peut souligner sa capacité à améliorer la transparence et l'efficacité des échanges d'informations concernant les produits. En standardisant les API, la norme prEN 18222 permet aux entreprises de mettre en œuvre des solutions technologiques interoperables, ce qui est crucial dans un environnement de plus en plus tourné vers la durabilité et l'économie circulaire. De plus, cette norme offre des lignes directrices claires qui aideront les développeurs à concevoir des systèmes robustes et à répondre aux attentes croissantes des consommateurs concernant la traçabilité et l'impact environnemental des produits. La pertinence de la norme prEN 18222 réside également dans son alignement avec les initiatives réglementaires de l'Union Européenne, ce qui renforce son importance pour les entreprises cherchant à se conformer aux normes environnementales et de durabilité. En facilitant l'accès aux informations nécessaires, cette norme contribue à la création d'un écosystème où les informations sur les produits sont non seulement disponibles, mais également pertinentes et exploitables. Cela renforce non seulement la responsabilité des entreprises, mais encourage également une consommation plus éclairée de la part des consommateurs. En somme, la norme prEN 18222 s'affirme comme un élément central du développement des Digital Product Passports, et son application promet d'améliorer considérablement la gestion du cycle de vie des produits ainsi que leur accessibilité.
prEN 18222は、デジタル製品パスポート（DPP）のライフサイクル管理および検索性を実現するためのアプリケーションプログラミングインターフェース（API）に関する標準化文書です。この標準の目的は、欧州委員会のESPRに従って、DPPのAPI仕様を標準化することです。これにより、DPPの検索性が向上し、製品のDPP全体のライフサイクルにわたる相互作用を円滑に行うための手段が提供されます。 この標準の強みは、製品のDPPを効果的に管理するためのフレームワークを提供する点にあります。DPPのAPI仕様が明確に定義されることで、製品の情報を統一的に扱うことができ、関連するデータを一元管理できるため、製造業者、消費者、リサイクル業者などの関係者間での情報流通が促進されます。 また、prEN 18222は、デジタル製品パスポートの整合性と透明性を高め、持続可能な製品経済に貢献するための重要なツールともなります。この標準は、企業が製品情報を容易にアクセスできるようにすることで、環境への配慮を含む責任ある消費を促進します。これにより、消費者はより情報に基づいた選択ができるようになり、企業にとっても、環境対応の重要性が向上することが期待されます。 prEN 18222の導入は、デジタル製品パスポートのAPIがもたらす利点を最大限に活用するための基盤となり、製品ライフサイクル全体の管理と検索性の向上を実現します。このようにして、業界全体が一丸となって持続可能な未来に向けて進んでいくことが可能になります。この標準は、デジタル製品パスポートの実装を促進し、企業が市場での競争力を維持するための必須要素となるでしょう。
Die Norm prEN 18222 mit dem Titel "Digital Product Passport - Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) for the product passport lifecycle management and searchability" bietet einen wesentlichen Rahmen für die Standardisierung der Spezifikationen der API des Digital Product Passport (DPP), wie es von der Europäischen Kommission im Rahmen der ESPR gefordert wird. Der Umfang dieser Norm ist entscheidend, da sie nicht nur die technische Basis für die Implementierung der APIs beschreibt, sondern auch sicherstellt, dass die Interaktionen während des gesamten Lebenszyklus eines Produkt-DPPs effizient und nachvollziehbar gestaltet werden können. Die Norm ermöglicht es, die Suchbarkeit von DPPs zu verbessern, was für die Industrie von großer Bedeutung ist, um Transparenz und Effizienz in der Produktverwaltung zu fördern. Eine der Stärken der prEN 18222 ist ihre Fokussierung auf Interoperabilität und Benutzerfreundlichkeit, die es den Unternehmen ermöglicht, ihre Produkte effektiv zu verfolgen und Informationen über den gesamten Lebenszyklus hinweg zu verwalten. Diese Standardisierung schafft Vertrauen und Sicherheit für Verbraucher und Hersteller, da es einen einheitlichen Ansatz für die Bereitstellung von Produktinformationen bietet. Die Relevanz dieser Norm kann nicht hoch genug eingeschätzt werden, insbesondere in einer Zeit, in der Nachhaltigkeit und Umweltbewusstsein immer wichtiger werden. Indem die prEN 18222 klare Vorgaben für die Implementierung von DPP-APIs bietet, stärkt sie nicht nur die Rückverfolgbarkeit von Produkten, sondern unterstützt auch die Ziele der Kreislaufwirtschaft, indem sie Transparenz in Bezug auf Materialien und Herstellungsprozesse fördert. Insgesamt stellt die Norm prEN 18222 einen bedeutenden Fortschritt in der Standardisierung von APIs für das Digital Product Passport System dar und hat das Potenzial, die Art und Weise, wie Produkte in der digitalen Wirtschaft verwaltet werden, grundlegend zu verändern.
표준화 문서 prEN 18222는 디지털 제품 여권(Digital Product Passport, DPP)의 API에 대한 사양을 표준화하는 것을 목표로 하고 있습니다. 이 표준은 유럽연합 집행위원회의 전자제품 지속 가능성 지침(ESPR)에 의해 규정된 DPP의 효율적인 관리와 검색 기능을 제공하기 위해 중요합니다. 이 문서의 주요 강점은 제품 여권의 전 생애 주기를 통해 필요로 하는 상호작용을 지원하는 API의 체계적인 개발 방안을 제시한다는 점입니다. 이를 통해 DPP의 검색성(searchability)이 향상되고, 다양한 이해 관계자들이 해당 제품의 정보를 쉽게 접근할 수 있게 됩니다. 또한, prEN 18222는 디지털 제품 여권의 구현 및 관리를 위한 명확한 지침을 제공함으로써, 기업들이 친환경 제품의 수명 주기를 효율적으로 관리하도록 돕습니다. 이러한 점에서 이 표준은 환경 지속 가능성에 대한 글로벌 요구사항에 부합하며, 디지털 경제에서의 혁신과 투명성을 증진시키는 데 기여할 것입니다. 디지털 제품 여권 API의 표준화는 특히 제품의 데이터 관리와 상호운용성을 높이는 데 필수적이며, 이러한 과정은 사용자와 소비자에게 더 나은 제품 정보를 제공함으로써 시장 경쟁력을 강화하는 데 큰 도움이 될 것입니다. 전반적으로 prEN 18222는 현대 디지털 경제에 꼭 필요한 기준을 제시하며, 기업들이 지속 가능한 발전을 추구하는 데 기반을 마련해 줍니다.
The standard prEN 18222 focuses on the Digital Product Passport (DPP) and specifically outlines the specifications for its Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). This standard is critical as it directly supports the lifecycle management and searchability of DPPs, which are increasingly essential in today’s digital economy. One of the key strengths of this standard is its alignment with the European Commission's Eco-design for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR). By establishing a clear framework for API specifications, prEN 18222 enhances interoperability among various digital systems, making it easier for businesses and stakeholders to access, utilize, and manage DPPs efficiently. The document provides comprehensive guidelines that ensure consistency and reliability in DPP API implementations. This consistency is vital for developers and service providers as they create digital solutions that integrate with DPPs. The focus on lifecycle management is particularly relevant, as it aids in tracking product information-contributing to sustainability efforts and promoting responsible consumption. Moreover, the emphasis on searchability within the standard addresses a critical need for transparency and accessibility of product data. As consumers and businesses become more environmentally conscious, having streamlined access to a product’s lifecycle information through a standardized API will foster informed decision-making and enhance eco-friendly practices. In summary, prEN 18222 is a pivotal standard that not only assists in the technical aspects of API development for DPPs but also underscores their importance in promoting sustainable practices and facilitating regulatory compliance. Its scope, strengths, and relevance make it an essential reference for stakeholders involved in product lifecycle management and sustainability initiatives.
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