prEN ISO 13943
(Main)Fire safety - Vocabulary (ISO/DIS 13943:2022)
Fire safety - Vocabulary (ISO/DIS 13943:2022)
ISO 13943:2017 defines terminology relating to fire safety as used in ISO and IEC fire standards.
Brandschutz - Vokabular (ISO/DIS 13943:2022)
Sécurité au feu - Vocabulaire (ISO/DIS 13943:2022)
ISO 13943:2017définit la terminologie relative à la sécurité incendie, telle qu'elle est utilisée dans les normes incendie de l'ISO et l'IEC.
Požarna varnost - Slovar (ISO/DIS 13943:2022)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 13943:2023
01-januar-2023
Požarna varnost - Slovar (ISO/DIS 13943:2022)
Fire safety - Vocabulary (ISO/DIS 13943:2022)
Brandschutz - Vokabular (ISO/DIS 13943:2022)
Sécurité au feu - Vocabulaire (ISO/DIS 13943:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 13943
ICS:
01.040.13 Okolje. Varovanje zdravja. Environment. Health
Varnost (Slovarji) protection. Safety
(Vocabularies)
13.220.01 Varstvo pred požarom na Protection against fire in
splošno general
oSIST prEN ISO 13943:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 13943:2023
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oSIST prEN ISO 13943:2023
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 13943
ISO/TC 92 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2022-11-22 2023-02-14
Fire safety — Vocabulary
Sécurité au feu — Vocabulaire
ICS: 13.220.01; 01.040.13
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
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THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
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PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2022
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oSIST prEN ISO 13943:2023
ISO/DIS 13943:2022(E)
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 13943
ISO/TC 92 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
Fire safety — Vocabulary
Sécurité au feu — Vocabulaire
ICS: 13.220.01; 01.040.13
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
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ii
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PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2022
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oSIST prEN ISO 13943:2023
ISO/DIS 13943:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Bibliography .61
Index of deprecated terms .63
iii
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oSIST prEN ISO 13943:2023
ISO/DIS 13943:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 13943:2017), which has been technically
revised.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO/DIS 13943:2022(E)
Introduction
Over the last two decades, there has been a significant growth in the field of fire safety. There has been
a considerable development of fire safety engineering design, especially as it relates to construction
projects, as well as the development of concepts related to performance-based design. With this
continuing evolution, there is an increasing need for agreement on a common language in the broad and
expanding area of fire safety, beyond what traditionally has been limited to the field of fire testing.
The first edition of this vocabulary, ISO 13943:2000, contained definitions of about 180 terms. However,
the areas of technology that are related to fire safety have continued to evolve rapidly and this edition
contains many new terms and their definitions, as well as revised definitions of some of the terms that
were in earlier editions.
This document defines general terms to establish a vocabulary applicable to fire safety, including fire
safety in buildings and civil engineering works and other elements within the built environment. It will
be updated as terms and definitions for further concepts in the field of fire safety are agreed upon and
developed.
It is important to note that it is possible that some fire safety terms may have a somewhat different
interpretation than the one used in this document when used for regulation. In that case, the definition
given in this document may not apply.
The terms in this document are:
— fundamental concepts;
— more specific concepts, such as those used specifically in fire testing or in fire safety engineering
and may be used in ISO or IEC fire standards; and
— related concepts, as exemplified by terms used in building and civil engineering.
Annex A provides an index of deprecated terms.
The layout is designed according to ISO 10241-1, unless otherwise specified. The terms are presented in
English alphabetical order and are in bold type except for deprecated terms, which are in normal type.
Use of the term “item”
For the purposes of this document, in the English version, the term “item” (and in French “objet”) is
used in a general meaning to represent any single object or assembly of objects, and may cover, for
example, material, product, assembly, structure or building, as required in the context of any individual
definition.
If the “item” under consideration is a test specimen, then the term “test specimen” is used.
The German version uses terminology such as material, product, kit, assembly and/or building to clarify
the meaning of each definition.
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oSIST prEN ISO 13943:2023
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 13943:2022(E)
Fire safety — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document defines terminology relating to fire safety as used in ISO and IEC fire standards.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
abnormal heat
heat that is additional to that resulting from use under normal conditions, up to and
including that which causes a fire (3.138)
3.2
absorptivity
ratio of the absorbed radiant heat flux (3.367) to the incident radiative heat flux (3.370)
Note 1 to entry: The absorptivity is dimensionless.
3.3
acceptance criteria
criteria that form the basis for assessing the acceptability of the safety of a design of a built environment
(3.36)
Note 1 to entry: The criteria can be qualitative, quantitative or a combination of both.
3.4
accuracy
closeness of the agreement between the result of a measurement and the true value of the measurand
[SOURCE: ASTM E176]
3.5
activation time
time interval from response by a sensing device until the suppression system (3.431), smoke (3.401)
control system, alarm system or other fire safety system is fully operational
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3.6
active fire protection
method(s) used to reduce or prevent the spread and effects of fire (3.138), heat or smoke (3.401) by
virtue of detection and/or suppression of the fire and which require a certain amount of motion and/or
response to be activated
EXAMPLE The application of agents (e.g. halon gas or water spray) to the fire or the control of ventilation
and/or smoke.
Note 1 to entry: Compare with the terms passive fire protection (3.335) and suppression systems (3.432).
3.7
actual delivered density
ADD
volumetric flow rate of water per unit area that is delivered onto the top horizontal surface of a
simulated burning combustible (3.59) array
Note 1 to entry: ADD is typically determined relative to a specific heat release rate (3.235) of a fire (3.138).
Note 2 to entry: ADD can be measured according to ISO 6182-7.
−1
Note 3 to entry: The typical unit is mm⋅min .
3.8
acute effect
sharp or severe effect, generally used in reference to human health effects
Note 1 to entry: Compare with the term chronic effect (3.57).
3.9
acute toxicity
toxicity (3.464) that causes rapidly occurring toxic (3.458) effects
Note 1 to entry: Compare with the term toxic potency (3.461).
3.10
aerosol
suspension of droplets (3.94) and/or solid particles in a gas phase which are generated by fire (3.138)
Note 1 to entry: The size of the droplets or particles typically range from under 10 nm to over 10 μm.
Note 2 to entry: Compare with the term droplets.
3.11
aerosol particle
individual piece of solid material that is part of the dispersed phase in an aerosol (3.10)
Note 1 to entry: There are two categories of fire aerosol particles: unburned or partially burned particles
containing a high proportion of carbon (i.e. “soot”), and relatively completely combusted, small particle sized
“ashes”. Soot (3.409) particles of small diameter, (i.e. about 1 μm), typically consist of small elementary spheres
of between 10 nm and 50 nm in diameter. Formation of soot particles is dependent on many parameters including
nucleation, agglomeration and surface growth. Oxidation (3.331) of soot particles, i.e. further combustion (3.62),
is also possible.
3.12
afterflame
flame (3.186) that persists after the ignition source (3.249) has been removed
3.13
afterflame time
length of time for which an afterflame (3.12) persists under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: Compare with the term duration of flaming (3.95).
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3.14
afterglow
persistence of glowing combustion (3.226) after both removal of the ignition source (3.249) and the
cessation of any flaming combustion (3.202)
3.15
afterglow time
length of time for which an afterglow (3.14) persists under specified conditions
3.16
agent-based model
computational model for simulating the actions and interactions of autonomous agents using a set of
rules
[SOURCE: ISO 20414]
3.17
agent outlet
orifice of a piping system by means of which an extinguishing fluid can be applied towards the source
of a fire (3.138)
3.18
alarm time
time interval between ignition (3.247) of a fire (3.138) and activation of an alarm
Note 1 to entry: The time of ignition may be known, e.g. in the case of a fire model (3.160) or a fire test (3.181), or
it may be assumed, e.g. it may be based upon an estimate working back from the time of detection. The basis on
which the time of ignition is determined is always stated when the alarm time is specified.
3.19
alight, adj.
lit, adj. CA, US
lighted, adj.
undergoing combustion (3.62)
3.20
analyte
substance that is identified or quantified in a specimen during an analysis
3.21
arc resistance
ability of an electrically insulating material to resist the influence of an electric arc,
under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: The arc resistance is identified by the length of the arc, the absence or presence of a conducting
path, and the burning or damage of the test specimen (3.442).
3.22
area burning rate
DEPRECATED: burning rate
DEPRECATED: rate of burning
area of material burned (3.38) per unit time under specified conditions
2 −1
Note 1 to entry: The typical unit is m ⋅s .
3.23
arson
crime of setting a fire (3.138), usually with intent to cause damage
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3.24
ash
ashes
mineral residue resulting from complete combustion (3.66)
3.25
asphyxiant
toxicant (3.463) that causes hypoxia, which can result in central nervous system depression or
cardiovascular effects
Note 1 to entry: Loss of consciousness and ultimately, death may occur.
3.26
atmospheric transmissivity
ratio of the transmitted radiation intensity after passing through unit length of a participating medium
(carbon dioxide, water vapour, dust and fog) to the radiation intensity that would have passed the same
distance through clean air
[SOURCE: ISO 24678-7]
3.27
auto-ignition
spontaneous ignition
self-ignition
unpiloted ignition
DEPRECATED: spontaneous combustion
ignition (3.247) caused by an internal exothermic reaction
Note 1 to entry: The ignition may be caused either by self-heating (3.394) or, in the case of unpiloted ignition, by
heating from an external source, as long as the external source does not include an open flame.
Note 2 to entry: In North America, “spontaneous ignition” is the preferred term used to designate ignition
caused by self-heating.
Note 3 to entry: Compare with the terms piloted ignition (3.341) and spontaneous ignition temperature (3.418).
3.28
auto-ignition temperature
minimum temperature at which auto-ignition (3.27) is obtained in a fire test (3.181)
Note 1 to entry: The typical unit is °C.
Note 2 to entry: Compare with the term spontaneous ignition temperature (3.418).
3.29
available safe escape time
ASET
time available for escape
calculated time interval between the time of ignition (3.247) and the time at which conditions become
such that the occupant is estimated to be incapacitated, i.e. unable to take effective action to escape
(3.114) to a safe refuge (3.385) or place of safety (3.342)
Note 1 to entry: The time of ignition may be known, e.g. in the case of a fire model (3.160) or a fire test (3.181), or
it may be assumed, e.g. it may be based upon an estimate working back from the time of detection. The basis on
which the time of ignition is determined needs to be stated.
Note 2 to entry: This definition equates incapacitation (3.255) with failure to escape. Other criteria for ASET are
possible. If an alternate criterion is selected, it needs to be stated.
Note 3 to entry: Each occupant may have a different value of ASET, depending on that occupant’s personal
characteristics.
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3.30
backdraft
rapid flaming combustion (3.202) caused by the sudden introduction of air into a confined oxygen-
deficient space that contains hot products of incomplete combustion (3.62)
Note 1 to entry: In some cases, these conditions may result in an explosion (3.122).
3.31
behavioural scenario
description of the behaviour of occupants during the course of a fire (3.138)
3.32
behavioural uncertainty
uncertainty in evacuation scenarios associated with the impact of human behaviour in fire during
evacuation
[SOURCE: ISO 20414]
3.33
black body
form that completely absorbs any electromagnetic radiation falling upon it
3.34
black body radiation source
ideal thermal radiation source which completely absorbs all incident heat radiation, whatever
wavelength and direction
Note 1 to entry: The emissivity (3.103) of a black body radiant source is unity.
Note 2 to entry: A black body can also be an ideal radiator of energy.
[SOURCE: ISO 14934-1:2010, 3.1.7]
3.35
building element
integral part of a built environment (3.36)
Note 1 to entry: This includes floors, walls, beams, columns, doors, and penetrations, but does not include
contents.
Note 2 to entry: This definition is wider in its scope than that given in ISO 6707-1.
3.36
built environment
building or other structure
EXAMPLE Off-shore platforms, civil engineering works such as tunnels, bridges and mines, and means of
transportation such as motor vehicles and marine vessels.
Note 1 to entry: ISO 6707-1 contains a number of terms and definitions for concepts related to the built
environment.
3.37
buoyant plume
convective updraft of fluid above a heat source
Note 1 to entry: Compare with the term fire plume (3.162).
3.38
burn, intransitive verb
undergo combustion (3.62)
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3.39
burn, transitive verb
cause combustion (3.62)
3.40
burned area
that part of the damaged area (3.79) of a material that has been destroyed by combustion (3.62) or
pyrolysis (3.364), under specified conditions
2
Note 1 to entry: The typical unit is m .
3.41
burned length
maximum extent in a specified direction of the burned area (3.40)
Note 1 to entry: The typical unit is m.
Note 2 to entry: Compare with the term damaged length (3.80).
3.42
burning behaviour
response of a test specimen (3.442), when it burns under specified conditions, to examination
of reaction to fire (3.373) or fire resistance (3.165)
3.43
burning debris
burning material, other than drops, which has detached from a test specimen (3.442) during a fire test
(3.181) and continues to burn (3.38) on the floor
Note 1 to entry: Compare with the terms burning droplets (3.44), flaming debris (3.203) and flaming droplets
(3.204).
3.44
burning droplets
flaming molten or flaming liquefied drops which fall from a test specimen (3.442) during a fire test
(3.181) and continue to burn (3.38) on the floor
Note 1 to entry: Compare with the terms flaming droplets (3.204), flaming debris (3.203) and burning debris (3.43).
3.45
bursting
violent rupture of an object due to an overpressure within it or upon it
3.46
bushfire
unplanned fire in a vegetated area
Note 1 to entry: This term is used primarily, but not exclusively, in Africa and Oceania.
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 24188]
3.47
calibration
process of adjusting modelling parameters in a computational fire model (3.160) for the
purpose of improving agreement with experimental data
3.48
calibration related to fire modelling
process of adjusting modelling parameters in a computational model for the purpose of improving
agreement with experimental data
Note 1 to entry: ISO 20414 does not contain the delimiter "related to fire modelling".
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[SOURCE: ISO 20414]
3.49
calorimeter
apparatus that measures heat
Note 1 to entry: Compare with the terms heat release rate calorimeter (3.236) and mass calorimeter (3.293).
3.50
carboxyhaemoglobin
compound formed when CO combines with haemoglobin
Note 1 to entry: Haemoglobin has an affinity for binding to CO that is approximately 245 times higher than that
for binding to oxygen; thereby, the ability of haemoglobin to carry oxygen is seriously compromised during CO
poisoning.
3.51
carboxyhaemoglobin saturation
percentage of blood haemoglobin converted to carboxyhaemoglobin from the reversible reaction with
inhaled carbon monoxide
3.52
ceiling jet
gas motion in a hot gas layer near a ceiling that is generated by the buoyancy of a fire plume (3.162) that
is impinging upon the ceiling
3.53
char, noun
carbonaceous residue resulting from pyrolysis (3.364) or incomplete combustion (3.62)
3.54
char, verb
form char (3.53)
3.55
char length
length of charred area
Note 1 to entry: Compare with the terms burned length (3.41) and damaged length (3.80).
Note 2 to entry: In some standards, char length is defined by a specific test method.
3.56
chimney effect
upward movement of hot fire effluent (3.147) caused by convection (3.73) currents confined within an
essentially vertical enclosure (3.106)
Note 1 to entry: This usually draws more air into the fire (3.138).
3.57
chronic effect
continuing over a long time period or recurring at low levels frequently, generally used in reference to
human health effects
Note 1 to entry: Compare with the term acute effect (3.8).
3.58
clinker
solid agglomerate of residues formed by either complete combustion (3.66) or incomplete combustion
(3.62) and which may result from complete or partial melting
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3.59
combustible, adj.
capable of being ignited (3.246) and burned (3.38)
3.60
combustible, noun
item capable of combustion (3.62)
3.61
combustible load
theoretical mass that would be lost from a test specimen (3.442) when it is assumed to have undergone
complete combustion (3.66) in a fire test (3.181)
3.62
combustion
exothermic reaction of a substance with an oxidizing agent (3.332)
Note 1 to entry: Combustion generally emits fire effluent (3.147) accompanied by flames (3.186) and/or glowing
(3.225).
3.63
combustion efficiency
ratio of the amount of heat release (3.234) in incomplete combustion (3.62) to the theoretical heat of
complete combustion (3.66)
Note 1 to entry: Combustion efficiency can be calculated only for cases where complete combustion can be
defined.
Note 2 to entry: Combustion efficiency is usually expressed as a percentage.
Note 3 to entry: The combustion efficiency is dimensionless.
3.64
combustion product
product of combustion
solid, liquid and gaseous material resulting from combustion (3.62)
Note 1 to entry: Combustion products may include fire effluent (3.147), ash (3.24), char (3.53), clinker (3.58) and/
or soot (3.409).
3.65
common mode failure
failure involving a single source that affects more than one type of safety system simultaneously
3.66
complete combustion
combustion (3.62) in which all the combustion products (3.64) are fully oxidized
Note 1 to entry: This means that, when the oxidizing agent (3.332) is oxygen, all carbon is converted to carbon
dioxide and all hydrogen is converted to water.
Note 2 to entry: If elements other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are present in the combustible (3.59)
material, those elements are converted to the most stable products in their standard states at 298 K.
3.67
composite material
combination of two or more discrete materials
3.68
computerized model
operational computer programme that implements a conceptual model (3.71)
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3.69
concentration
mass of a dispersed or dissolved material in a given volume
−3
Note 1 to entry: For fire effluent (3.147), the typical unit is g⋅m .
Note 2 to entry: For toxic gas (3.459), concentration is usually expressed as a volume fraction (3.487) at T = 298 K
3 3 −6
and P = 1 atm, with typical units of μL/L (= cm /m = 10 ).
Note 3 to entry: The concentration of a gas at a temperature, T, and a pressure, P, can be calculated from its
volume fraction (assuming ideal gas behaviour) by multiplying the volume fraction by the density of the gas at
that temperature and pressure.
Note 4 to entry: Pascal (Pa) is the SI unit for pressure; however, atmosphere (atm) is typically used in this context,
where 1 atm = 101,3 kPa.
3.70
concentration-time curve
plot of the concentration (3.69) of a toxic gas (3.459) or fire effluent (3.147) as a function of
time
−3
Note 1 to entry: For fire effluent, concentration is usually measured in units of g⋅m .
Note 2 to entry: For toxic gas, concentration is usually expressed as a volume fraction (3.487) at T = 298 K and
3 3 −6
P = 1 atm, with typical units of μL/L (= cm /m = 10 ).
Note 3 to entry: Pascal (Pa) is the SI unit for pressure; however, atmosphere (atm) is typically used in this context,
where 1 atm = 101,3 kPa.
3.71
conceptual model
information, mathematical modelling, data, assumptions, boundary conditions and mathematical
equations that describes the (physical) system or process of interest
3.72
controlled burn
operational strategy where the application of firefighting media such as water or foam is restricted or
avoided
Note 1 to entry: Controlled burns are often conducted to minimize damage to public health and the environment.
Other motivations for controlled burn may include limited danger of fire spread, concerns about fire fighter
safety, or limited capacity and resources at hand for firefighting operations.
Note 2 to entry: The strategy would normally be used to try and prevent water pollution by contaminated
firewater. It can also reduce air pollution due to the better combustion (3.62) and dispersion of pollutants,but
it may also have adverse impacts, such as allowing or increasing the formation of hazardous and gaseous by-
products. It may also have benefits for fire fighter safety and public health.
3.73
convection
transfer of heat by movement of a fluid
3.74
convective heat flux
heat flux (3.230) caused by convection (3.73)
3.75
convective heat transfer
transfer of heat to a surface from a surrounding fluid by convection (3.73)
Note 1 to entry: The amount of heat transfer depends on the temperature difference between the fluid and the
surface, the fluid properties, and the fluid velocity and direction.
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